KRT Manual-V2.5.2

Protection Relay Test System
User Manual
V2.5
KINGSINE ELECTRIC AUTOMATION CO., LTD.

Dear Customers:
Thank you for your using KINGSINE brand protection relay testing system.
Hope that the technical data and help information in the manual will be
provided to you as detailed as possible about how to use KINGSINE products.
Meanwhile, we shall be much appreciated to receiving any views about this
manual from all the readers and all the experts in the line of relay testing.
Should any business advice or technical support service required, then you are
welcome to call us or visit our website.
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E-mail: international@kingsine.com.cn
Please concern the latest information on our website to get the latest and
most helpful information for your work. The function and pictures in this
manual should be based on the real published product.
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW...................................................................................................... - 2 -
1.1 SYSTEM INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... - 2 -
1.2 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS................................................................................................................ - 2 -
1.3 OPERATION ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................................................. - 2 -
Chapter 2 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION........................................................................................... - 3 -
2.1 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION.................................................................................................................- 3 -
Chapter 3 SYSTEM STARTUP ITEM................................................................................................ - 6 -
3.1 INTERFACE OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................... - 6 -
3.2 PC CONNECTION SETTING................................................................................................................- 7 -
3.3 PC CONNECTION TEST.....................................................................................................................- 8 -
3.4 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION.............................................................................................................- 8 -
3.5 AUX.DC......................................................................................................................................- 11 -
Chapter 4 OPERATION MAIN INTERFACE................................................................................... - 12 -
4.1 INTERFACE OVERVIEW................................................................................................................... - 12 -
4.2 TEST SOLUTION............................................................................................................................ - 15 -
4.3 PANEL OF BINARY INPUT & OUTPUT................................................................................................- 15 -
4.4 TEST OBJECT................................................................................................................................- 16 -
4.5 TEST PATTERN..............................................................................................................................- 29 -
4.6 CONFIGURATION OF TESTER........................................................................................................... - 35 -
Chapter 5 BASIC TEST MODULE...................................................................................................- 41 -
5.1 AC TEST......................................................................................................................................- 41 -
5.2 RAMPING TEST.............................................................................................................................- 46 -
5.3 OVERCURRENT TEST......................................................................................................................- 50 -
5.4 STATE SEQUENCE..........................................................................................................................- 58 -
5.5 DISTANCE PROTECTION..................................................................................................................- 64 -
5.6 DIFFERENTIAL RATE PROTECTION.....................................................................................................- 73 -
5.7 DIFFERENTIAL HARMONICBRAKING.................................................................................................. - 82 -
5.8 RECOLSE TEST...............................................................................................................................- 90 -
5.9 SYNCHRONIZER TEST......................................................................................................................- 99 -
5.10 FAULT RECURRENCE..................................................................................................................- 105 -
5.11 TIME CHARACTERISTIC...............................................................................................................- 108 -
Chapter 6 SPECIAL TEST MODULE............................................................................................. - 110 -
6.1 POWER SWING...........................................................................................................................- 110 -
6.2 FREQUENCY TEST........................................................................................................................- 113 -
6.3 STANDARD METER(OPTIONAL)..................................................................................................... - 117 -
6.4 RECORDER(OPTIONAL)................................................................................................................ - 120 -
6.5 ENERGY METER CALIBRATION(OPTIONAL)...................................................................................... - 123 -
6.6 TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION(OPTIONAL).......................................................................................... - 127 -
Chapter 7 APPENDIX..................................................................................................................- 130 -
KINGSINE RELAY TEST SYSTEM – USER MANUAL
Chapter 1 Sy ste m Ov er vi ew
1.1 System Introduction

Kingsine relay testing system V2, short for KRT System, is the newest relay testing system which
developed by Kingsine Electric Automation Co., Ltd, Based on the constitution of interface friendly
WINDOWS software and used for testing various protection and automatic devices of power plant,
transformer substation, and protection relay producer. Provide overall, full-functioned and easy
operation testing plan for user.
1.2 System Characteristics

1.2.1 Enhanced Graphics Function
The system provide vector, wave, signal pictures and differential, impendence, overcurrent and so
on, Abundant pictures reflect the current parameter setting and testing state directly; and also provide
zoom、move、check point and more complex operation.
1.2.2 Support Stencil Database
The system support including rated value, distance, differential, overcurrent, synchronizer,
transformation and such protection fixed value and characteristic, also testing main parameters stencil
database. Besides, it support import and export stencil file, which simplify user setting of different
protection devices to makes operation more easily.
1.2.3 Support Digital Tester

The system support digital tester, compatible with IEC61850-9-1、IEC61850-9-2、IEC60044-7/8、
Goose and more other protocol.
1.3 Operation Environment

1.3.1 Supported Tester Model
Compatible with Kingsine K10、K30、K60、KF900、KF910 like analog and digital tester series.
1.3.2 Operation Platform Requirement
Support Windows XP、Windows Server 2003、Vista、Windows 7, please pre-set Microsoft .NET
Framework 3.5 or above version before operate this software.
Kingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. ～2～

Chapter 2 Sof twar e Instal l atio n
2.1 Software Installation

Put the installation CD of the testing software into the CD-ROM,the system will automatically
activate the installation program, or directly double-click on the file named Set up.exe of the folder
‘series installation program’ in CD-ROM drive, and then enter the installation interface is as shown in
Fig 2.1- 1.
Fig 2.1- 1 Software Installation

In Fig 2.1- 1, click “Cancel”, then cancel the installation of software. If click “Next” (N), then enter
into as shown in Fig 2.1- 2. In this fig. , if click “Cancel”, then cancel the installation of software; if click
“Back”, then back to the last interface. If want to click “Next” to continue installation setting, please
pre-click “Browse”, then can select other installation contents of programmed. The text frame under
the folder (F)as shown in Fig 2.1- 2 is the default installation content, one need to select installation of
protection relay test system V2 for oneself or for everyone who use this computer , the default one is
for everyone(E).as shown in the below Fig 2.1- 2


In the above Fig 2.1- 2, select “Next (N)”, then into the follow Fig 2.1- 3.
In Fig 2.1- 3, click “Cancel”, then cancel the installation of this software. If click “Back (B)”, then
back into the last interface. If click “Next (N)”, then is sure to install the protection relay test system V2
on your computer as shown in the below fig.
Fig 2.1- 3Software Installation

In the above Fig 2.1- 3, select “Next”, then into the installation process as shown in the below Fig
2.1- 4.
In Fig 2.1- 4, if click “Cancel”, then cancel the installation of software.

Fig 2.1- 4Software Installation

After the installation progress bar finished as shown in Fig 2.1- 4 “please wait”, it will automatic
enter into installation complete interface as shown in Fig 2.1- 5. At this time, click “Close”, and then
click “all procedures” from “start” in your computer.

Chapter 3 Sy ste m Star tup ite m
3.1 Interface Overview

After completing installation of KRT system, then enter into the below Fig 3.1- 1, the main
interface list several test modules for user’s selection.
Fig 3.1- 1 Main Interface
3.1.1 Basic Test Module

 AC&DC Test，
 Ramping Test,
 Overcurrent Test ,
 State Sequence,
 Distance test,
 Differential Rate,
 Differential Harmonic Restrain,
 Harmonic Test,
 Reclose Test,
 Synchronizer Test,
 Fault Recurrence,
 Zero Sequence,
 etc..
3.1.2 Special Test Module
 Power swing,
 Frequency test,
 Exact Process,
 Time Characteristic,
 Reserve Supply,
 Quick Changeover Logic,

 Multi-Group Test,
 Criterion Meter(Optional),
 Recorder(Optional),
 Energy (Optional),
 Transducer(Optional),
 etc.
3.2 PC Connection Setting
Click PC connection set on the startup item, then open the dialogue frame as shown in Fig 3.2- 1.
Fig 3.2- 1 PC Connection Setting
3.2.1 Communication
1. Connection way: network port connection and serial port connection are available. At present,
only support network port connection and serial port connection function will be open in future.
2. The max delay time of connection response: the judge condition of overtime in communication,
if network bandwidth is not enough or unsteadily, it needs to set long time, the default is 5 seconds,
generally it won’t over 20 seconds.
3. Need automatic connection or not after disconnection: Manual and automatic connections are
available, often select automatic connection.
3.2.2 Network Port

1. Network connection port number: set the TCP port number of network connection, the default
is 10000;
2. Network IP address: set the IP address of tester;
3.Adopted network connection type: client、server. The default is client way, the software connect
with tester automatically; if choose server way, then the tester will connect with software
automatically.
4． Search digital device: search digital device of network segment.

3.3 PC Connection Test

After completing PC connection set, click save parameter, select any test module, open the main
interface of this module, the system will connect to the configuration of the tester automatically. If
connection is ok, the communication indicator light in binary panel which below the main interface will
turn green; if connection failure, the light will still keeps grey.
Fig 3.3- 1 Connection Success
3.4 Software Configuration

Click software configuration in system startup item, then open the dialogue frame as shown in Fig.
3.4- 1.
Fig.3.4- 1 Software Setting

3.4.1 UserInfo define
Fig.3.4- 2UserInfo
3.4.2 Phase Marking

1.Phase marking: L1-L2-L3-E、A-B-C-N、R-S-T-E can be available, also can custom the marking of
phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 and neutral point.
2. Phase color: can directly click the button of making voltage and current of the same color in
phase color panel, also can custom the voltage and current color of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 and
voltage color of neutral point.Shown in Fig. 3.4- 1
3.4.3 Default Value

Click default value page in software configuration, then into the interface as shown in Fig. 3.4- 3.
Fig.3.4- 3 Software Configuration

1. Rated value: when doing voltage and frequency test , the universal rated value of protection
device is the default rated voltage(P-E) value 57.735V，and the frequency is 50.000Hz; Also can manual
set the value according to different protection devices.
2. Max. Value: the max. Amplitude of voltage, current and frequency can be set. Commonly, the
max. AC,DC voltage is 110.000V, AC is 30.000A, DC is 20.000A, and the AC frequency is 60.000Hz; also
can set these values by needs, but can’t over the max. Value of tester.
3. Min. value: the min. amplitude of voltage, current and frequency can be set. Commonly, the
min. voltage is 0.000V, current is 0.000A and the AC frequency is 50.000Hz.
3.4.4 Binary
Click “binary” in software configuration, then enter into binary page as shown in Fig. 3.4- 4.
1. Option: default binary and customized binary can be used.

2. Binary output marking: the default marking of binary output 1,2,3,4 is 1,2,3,4, also can
customized the 4 output markings; commonly, when doing test, the binary output marking
should be set the same as tester to distinguish from wiring or check wiring.
3. Binary input marking: the default marking of eight binary input is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, also can
customized the 8 output markings; commonly, when doing test, the binary input markings
should be set the same as tester to distinguish from wiring or check wiring.

3.4.5 Directory
3.5 Aux.DC
Click “Aux.DC” in system startup item, and then open the dialogue frame as shown in Fig. 3.5- 1.
Fig.3.5- 1 Aux. DC
Set the output voltage of “Aux.DC” in this interface, click the frame, it will hint “connecting PC
now”, if communication is normal, it will display “successfully connected”. Firstly, select output voltage
value, click installation button to set aux.DC, click unload button to stop outputting aux.DC. Aux.DC can
be continuous adjust and the adjust range is 0-264V.
Note: DC output will be locked and cannot change during any other test modules is
running.

Chapter 4 Op er atio n Main Inte rf ace
4.1 Interface Overview

Click any test module in the main interface of KRT system, then enter into the test module as
shown in Fig 4.1- 1, the interface is divided into title and tool bar area, test plan area , test view area,
test picture area and binary view area and other area.
Fig 4.1- 1 Test Interface
4.1.1 Title Bar

As shown in Fig 4.1- 2, every test interface has title bar main menu.
Fig 4.1- 2 Main Menu

4.1.1.1 File Menu
This group of menu controls save and load test data. The pull-down menu list as shown in Fig 4.1-
3.
Fig 4.1- 3File Menu

New（N）Ctrl+N： Create a new test plan.
Open（O）Ctrl+O： Open the exits test plan.
Save（S）Ctrl+S： Save the current test plan.
Output report ： Output and save test report by *.rtf format.
Exit（X）： Exit the current test module.
4.1.1.2 View Menu
This group of menu controls sub window of operation interface and panel display.

The pull-down menu list as shown in Fig 4.1- 4.
Fig 4.1- 4 View Menu List

1. Test plan: conceal or display test plan panel.
2. Binary view: conceal or display binary view.
3. Test view: conceal or display test parameter view.
4. Impedance view: conceal or display impedance view.
5. Vector view: conceal or display vector view.
6. Report view: conceal or display test report.
4.1.1.3 Control Menu
This group of menu directly controls tester output in test, which as shown in Fig 4.1- 5.
Fig 4.1- 5Control Menu List

1. High Load: For high burden test when output >200V/>15A, When chosen this menu, the
testers shift to high burden mode. (for Kingsine K10/K30L Series models only)
2. Phase switch Six /phase switch / Phase Switch Single: Set the kit as 6 currents, 3 currents or
Single current output mode.
6 currents output independently (L-N)
3 currents(parallel group1 & group2)
3 phase currents output mode connection, ( available for 6 currents channel models)
Single current output connection as below:

Single phase output connection

4.1.1.4 Parameter Menu
This group of menu set the test object parameter and shift interface display parameter, as shown
in Fig 4.1- 6.
Fig 4.1- 6Pull-down Menu List

1. Primary: shift interface parameter is primary value display.
2. Secondary: shift interface parameter is secondary value display.
3. Second: shift the time parameter ofinterface in seconds display.
4. Cycles: shift the time parameter of interface in cycles display.
5. Relative: shift interface parameter displays in relative to percentage of rated value.
6. Absolute: shift interface parameter displays in real value.
4.1.1.5 GPS
This group of menu set of tester GPS. As shown in Fig 4.1- 7.
Fig 4.1- 7 Pull-down Menu List
4.1.2 Tool Bar

The tool bar, function bar and title bar of test interface are corresponding to the below Fig 4.1- 8.
Fig 4.1- 8 Tool Bar

4.2 Test Solution

Test solution panel can edit several test plans of different parameters, as shown in Fig.4.2- 1.
Fig.4.2- 1 View Chart of Test View
4.2.1 New Test Item

Click the icon button, add the new test item, the added items will be displayed in the blank
column of test Fig. on the left at the sequence of adding time.
4.2.2 Delete Test Item
Select the delete item, click the button to delete. The deleted item will not be displayed again,
and cannot be recovered in the column.
4.2.3 Modify Test Item
Select the modify item, click the button to modify the name and remark information of the test
item.
4.2.4 Copy Test Item
Select a test first, click the copy button, then set the parameters of the test item is copied to another new
addition to the test item.
4.2.5 Default Value

Select the test item, click the button of ‘default value’ and the test value of the test item will
become the system default value automatically.
4.2.6 List of Test Item
All the test item will be displayed at the sequence of add time, click the test item and switch to the
interface parameter.
4.3 Panel of Binary Input & Output

The panel of binary input & output is at the bottom of operation main interface, as shown in Fig.
4.3- 1.
Fig.4.3- 1 View Chart of Binary Input & Output
4.3.1 Binary Output

There are four indication lamps at the left of panel, when output status is close, the lamp is red,
otherwise it is grey. The check box near the indication lamp will control the binary output by manual,
when the check box is selected, it shows the status of close.
4.3.2 Binary Input
In the middle of panel there are eight binary input, the indicator will be red when it is close status
or in high potential, otherwise it is grey.
4.3.3 Status
On the right of panel it is the status indicator. Grounding indicator: when grounding, the indicator
is green; Communication indicator, when the tester is connected well, the indicator is green; Aux. DC: it
show the value of output Aux. DC value, it is 0 when no output.

4.4 Test Object

It can open the window of test object by clicking menu of “Parameter/test object” or tool bar, and
it can edit the database of test module by test object, and configthe related fix value parameter of
tested protection relay or automatic device. And support the import and export of characteristic
module, and file format is rio.
4.4.1 Main Interface
Fig.4.4 - 1 Test Item
4.4.2 Import&Export of RIO

It can import and export the Rio files, simplify the configuration for different protection relays,
very easy to use. As shown in Fig.4.4 - 2 and Fig.4.4 - 3 for more details.
Fig.4.4 - 2 Import of RIO

Fig.4.4 - 3Export of RIO
4.4.3 Device
Double click the device in Fig.4.4 - 1, and then enter the interface of device settings, as shown in
Fig.4.4 - 4 for the related configuration of device fix value. The parameter of fix value as below: device,
substation, bay, sensitivity, Nominal values, Residual Voltage/Current Factors, Limits and
Debounce/Deglitch filters.
Fig.4.4 - 4 Device Settings – Device Fix Value
4.4.4 Distance
Double click the distance in Fig.4.4 - 1, and enter the interface of distance protection parameters,
as shown in Fig.4.4 - 5, the parameter of distance relay has two parts: system fix value and protection
area configuration. The fig below is for system fix value, it has the following: system parameter,
allowed tolerance, grounding compensation system, and impedance Fig., etc.

Fig.4.4 - 5 Parameter of Distance Protection – System Fix Value

The interface of protection area configuration of system protection parameter is as shown in
Fig.4.4-6; it has the details of protection area and impedance Fig. In the protection area, the item list is
area in the Fig. and mark, and fault type and options of whether available to be used; it can be new
built, deleted and edited. The detailed information of protection area includes the tripping time,
relative time, relative impedance, absolute time (±) and absolute impedance.
Fig.4.4 - 6 Distance Protection Parameter – Configuration of Protection Area

Click the new built of protection area of Fig.4.4 - 6, and can new build a protection area, add a
new blank protection area in the item list, including the follows:
Area: segment number of impedance area
Mark: descriptions of impedance area
Fault type: fault type of impedance area

Use: whether use this impedance area. Each protection area has corresponding detailed
information
Trip time: set the tripping time of impedance area
Relative impedance: tolerance range of relative impedance
Absolute impedance: tolerance of absolute impedance value
Relative time: tolerance range of relative tripping time
Absolute time (+): positive tolerance value
Absolute time (-): negative tolerance value
Click the delete in protection area of Fig.4.4 - 6 to delete the selected protection area in the item
list.
Click the edit in protection area of Fig.4.4 - 6, and then it comes to the interface of characteristic
edit of Fig.4.4 - 7. The parameter has the pre-define type, element, element list and Fig. display.
The following Fig. is the interface of pre-define edit of polygon characteristics.
Fig.4.4 - 7 Characteristics Edit
It has three types of pre-define:
Round characteristics (MHO):

The parameter configuration is: Forward Reach, Offset and Angle.

Lens and Tomato:

The parameter configuration is: Forward Reach, Offset, Angle, (Width), Width A/ Length B.
Note: A= Width, B= Forward Reach + Offset

A/B = 1, it is MHO
A/B >1, it is Lens
A/B<1, it is Tomato
Polygon characteristics:
The element edit of polygon characteristic has four types:
Decare coordinate straight line configuration: R, X and Angle.
Polar coordinate configuration: |Z|, first angle (Phi), second angle.
Decare coordinate arc configuration: R, X, Radius, Start Angle and End Angle.
Polar coordinate arc configuration: |Z|, angle (Phi), Radius, Start Angle and End Angle.

4.4.5 Differential
Double click the differential in the main interface of tested object, and it comes to the interface of
differential object. The differential object includes the protection device, characteristic define and
harmonic. The protection device has the parameter, test time fix value, benchmark value setting,
action current, action time, current allowance, time allowable deviation, etc., as shown in Fig.4.4 - 8.
Fig.4.4 - 8 Differential Object – Protection Device

The characteristic define has the parameter action current, flex point, slope and the differential
characteristic Fig. As shown in Fig.4.4 - 9.

Fig.4.4 - 9 Differential Object – Characteristic Define

Harmonic has the parameter allowable deviation, flex point, and can add and delete Ixf/Idiff and
Idiff, and has the harmonic restrain Fig. at the same time, as shown in Fig.4.4 - 10.
Fig.4.4 - 10 Harmonic Object–Harmonic
4.4.6 Overcurrent
4.4.6.1 Protection Device
Click the overcurrent, and it popup the dialogue frame of overcurrent, includes the definition of
protection device and group characteristics. The protection device has the current tolerance, time
allowable deviation, PT/CT location, direction characteristic, selection of fault group, and whether the
fix value of phase grounding group of current/time parameter selected group is available to use,
startup current, time, action characteristic, return ration, as shown in Fig.4.4 - 11.

Fig.4.4 - 11 Overcurrent-Protection Device

4.4.6.2 Characteristic Pre-define
When the phase grounding is selected in the fault group in Fig.4.4 - 11, the right side of protection
area is the definition of phase grounding group characteristic, as shown in Fig.4.4 - 12.
Fig.4.4 - 12 Overcurrent – (phase grounding) Group Characteristic Definition

Click above Fig.4.4 - 12 pre-define button, and it popup the dialogue frame of pre-define, as
shown in Fig.4.4 - 13, the pre-define has four types: exact time, IEC normal inverse time limit, IEC very
inverse time limit, IEC extremely inverse time limit. When selects the exact time, the text box below
the curve characteristic in Fig.4.4 - 12 is the exact time.

Fig.4.4 - 13 Pre-define
When selects the IEC normal inverse time limit in Fig.4.4 - 13, the text box below the curve
characteristic is IEC normal inverse time limit, as shown in Fig.4.4 - 14.
Fig.4.4 - 14 IEC Inverse Time Characteristic

When selects the IEC very inverse time limit in Fig.4.4 - 13, the text box below the curve
characteristic in Fig.4.4 - 12 is IEC very inverse time limit, as shown in Fig.4.4 - 15.

Fig.4.4 - 15 IEC Very Inverse Time Limit

When selects the IEC very inverse time limit in Fig.4.4 - 13, the text box below the curve
characteristic in Fig.4.4 - 12 is IEC very inverse time limit, as shown in Fig.4.4 - 16.
Fig.4.4 - 16 IEC Extremely Inverse Time Limit

4.4.6.3 New Built Characteristic
Click the new in above Fig., it popup the new built diagram, as shown in Fig 4.1- 7.
Fig.4.4 - 17 New Built

When selects the new inverse time limit in Fig 4.1- 7, the text box below the curve characteristic in
Fig.4.4 - 16 is the new inverse time limit, as shown in Fig.4.4 - 18.

Fig.4.4 - 18 New Inverse Time Characteristic

When selects the new IAC characteristic in Fig 4.1- 7, the text box below the curve characteristic in
Fig.4.4 - 19 New IAC Characteristic
When selects the new I2T characteristic in Fig 4.1- 7, the text box below the curve characteristic in

Fig.4.4 - 20 New I2T Characteristic
When selects the new user-defined characteristic in Fig 4.1- 7, the text box below the curve
characteristic in Fig.4.4 - 20 is the new user-defined, as shown in Fig.4.4 - 21.
Fig.4.4 - 21New user-defined Characteristic
4.4.6.4 Characteristic Induction

The system supports more characteristic defined introduced, click “import”, as shown in the
following Fig.

Fig.4.4 - 22
4.4.7 Synchronizer
Double click the “synchronizer”, popup the synchronizer objects dialogue frame. The
synchronousobjects include protection device and synchronizer windows. The parameters of
protection device are: The phase sequence is L1-L2-L3 or L1-L3-L2 of two systems and 8 connected
voltages. Besides these parameters, the user also needs to set the switching time of brake, the amount
of phase shift among transformer connections and “start / release” options. As shown in Fig.4.4 - 23.
Fig.4.4 - 23 Synchronous Object - Protection Device

Synchronizer windows include the relative value and absolute value of voltage tolerance,
frequency tolerance, angle tolerance,max value and min value of Δv、Δf、|□f|,also have synchronizer
characteristic Fig., as shown in Fig.4.4 - 24.
Fig.4.4 - 24Synchronous Object -Characteristic Define
4.5 Test Pattern

4.5.1 Vector
The vector graph and display of parameters such as input, phase-ground, phase-phase, sequence
components, power, fault value and impedance, are available in Vector module. The graphs displayed
by different ways can be superimposed. The vector supports automatically zooming along the
interfaces, optimization function (automatically change of polar scale) and the definition of signal
sources’ color as well as the style of lines. The defaulted color depends on the definition of colors in the
hardware configuration.

Fig.4.5 - 1 Vector
4.5.2 Overcurrent Characteristics

External Interface:：
1. The file of characteristics curve can be predefined in order to define the parameters of several
inverse time limit characteristics curve.
2. Support RIO files.
Coordinate:
Natural logarithmic coordinates are adopted. The X-axis drawn 5-time’s starting current of II part
under the default condition (If the fixed value is defined the starting current of III part, then drawn
5-time’s starting current of III part.)

Fig.4.5 – 2 Overcurrent Characteristics

Test Points:
1. The test points can be selected in accordance with the value of I>, I>>, I>>>.
2. The test points can be selected on the characteristics graph.
3. The test points can be selected on the characteristics graph and added into the sequence of test
points.
4. The calibration on the horizontal axis indicates the absolute value of current. If the equation
and parameters of the inverse time limit curves are the same, the drawn inverse time limit graphs will
be completely same no matter how much the rated current is.
5. Support the time tolerance and marked the action time range of the test points.
Fig.4.5 - 3 Overcurrent Characteristics
4.5.3 Differential Characteristics

Guides：
The guides including minimum differential current baseline, maximum differential current
baseline and maximum torque line (the value of “K”in brake mode) are available. Also support RIO files.

Fig.4.5 - 4 Differential Characteristics
4.5.4 Harmonic Suppression Graph

The harmonic restraint module in which zooming, moving, displaying and saving functions exist
are available in the harmonic suppression graph, as shown in Fig.4.5 - 5.
Fig.4.5 - 5 Harmonic Suppression Graph
4.5.5 Waveform Graph

The waveform graph is available in the harmonic test module, as shown in Fig.4.5 - 6.

Fig.4.5 - 6 Waveform Graph
4.5.6 Characteristics over the Same Period

The characteristic over the same period is available in the same-period test module, as shown in
Fig.4.5 - 7.
Fig.4.5 - 7 Characteristics over the Same Period
4.5.7 Fig of Synchronization over the Same Time

Figs of Synchronization over the Same Time support the RIO files. as shown in Fig.4.5 - 8.

Fig.4.5 – 8 Fig of Synchronization over the Same Time
4.5.8 Impedance Characteristics Graph

The RIO files can be run on impedance characteristics on which the multi-stage impedance
characteristics, polygon features, circular features, lens features, complex characteristics of straight &
arc lines and impedance characteristics defined by “polar –‘Cartesian straight line’-‘polar arc’” are
available. The zooming function is also available on the impedance characteristics and the selected
area can be amplified. The tolerance and impedance angle can be displayed. The user can also select
points to test on the impedance characteristics.
Fig.4.5 - 9 Impedance Characteristics Graph

4.6 Configuration of Tester

4.6.1 Configuration of Test Category
The function – “configuration of tester” is available in the IEC61850 config of main interface. There
are 4 categories of configuration including output, binary input & output, PT ratio and CT ratio. The
output includes analog, IEC61850-9-1, IEC61850-9-2 LE and IEC60044-7/8; the binary input & output
includes hard-contact-point and Goose. When the output of secondary value is canceled, the values of
PT ratio and CT ratio are 1905.084 and 1000.000. Both values of PT ratio and CT ratio are 1.000 when
the output of secondary is selected, as shown in Fig.4.6 - 1.
Fig.4.6 - 1 Configuration of Test Category
4.6.2 IEC61850-9-1
When the output is IEC61850-9-1, and the “IEC61850-9-1” in the “settings” of menu is selected, an
interface for the settings of related parameters will arise, as shown in Fig.4.6 - 2. The parameters
include sampling rate, value of ASDU, SCP, SCM, SV, transmission coefficient of rated phase voltage,
MAC source address, MAC target address, rated current (protection), zero sequence rated current,
rated phase voltage (the unit is 0/10kV), APPID, VLAN ID, VLAN Priority, style of letter No.1, style of
letter No.2, nominal delay, Dataset Name, number of version, value of samples, GOOSE, and so on..
Fig.4.6 - 2 IEC60044-9-1 Report

4.6.3 IEC61850-9-1 Channel

An interface for the settings of related parameters will arise when the “IEC61850-9-1 Channel” in
the “settings” of menu is selected, as shown in Fig.4.6 - 3. There are 3 groups. The number of channel,
options, type and the report of samples’ value are available in each group, as shown in Fig.4.6 - 3.
Fig.4.6 - 3 IEC6085-9-1/IEC60044 Configuration of Channel
4.6.4 IEC61850-9-2
An interface for related parameters setting will appear when the output is IEC61850-9-2 and the
“IEC61850-9-2” in the “settings” of menu is selected, as shown in Fig.4.6 - 4. The parameters include
sampling ratio, value of ASDU, quality bit in the report, style of synchronization, MAC target address,
MAC source address, Sampled Value ID, Application ID（APPID）, VLAN ID, VLAN Priority, scale factor of
voltage, scale factor of current, name of loop, configuration of output, configuration of GOOSE output,
and so on.
Fig.4.6 - 4 IEC6185-9-2 Report

4.6.5 IEC61850-9-2 Channel

An interface for related parameters setting will arise when the “IEC61850-9-2 Channel” in the
“settings” of menu is selected, as shown in Fig.4.6 - 5. There are three groups. Number of channel,
options, quality (High) Hex, quality (Low) Hex, sampling delay and report of samples’ value for the all
three groups of channel number.
Fig.4.6 - 5 IEC6185-9-2 Configuration of Channel
4.6.6 IEC60044-7/8
When the output is IEC60044-7/8 and the “IEC60044-7/8” is the “settings” of menu is selected, an
interface for the settings of related parameters will arise, as shown in Fig.4.6 - 6. The parameters
include sampling ratio, number of ASDU, SCP, SCM, SV, transmission coefficient of rated phase voltage,
MAC source address, MAC target address, rated current (protection), zero sequence rated current,
rated phase voltage, APPID, VALN ID, VLAN Priority, style of letter No.1, style of letter No.2, digital
delay, Dataset Name, sampling ratio of tested equipment, Baud Ratio, style of report, and so on.

Fig.4.6 - 6 FT3 Report
4.6.7 Configuration of GOOSE Goose

When the binary input & output is Goose and the “Goose Config” in the “settings” of menu is
selected, an interface for settings of related parameters will arise, like Fig.4.6 - 7.
Fig.4.6 - 7 Configuration of GOOSE

Click the “simulations” on the Fig.4.6 - 7, the interface will be as shown in Fig.4.6 - 8.

Fig.4.6 - 8 Configuration of GOOSE
4.6.8 Search Tester

Select the “Search Tester” in the “Test Device” of the “PC Connection Set”, will pop-up the
progress of searching of “waiting search”, then pop-up the test module dialogue frame of searching. As
shown in Fig.4.6 - 9, the KF900 tester is got,then the detailed information about the obtained tester is
showed on a list.
Fig.4.6 - 9 Search Tester

When the “configuration” on the Fig.4.6 - 9 is clicked, the user needs to enter the IP address on
the next interface, like Fig.4.6 - 10. After the address are entered, if it is not setup successfully, it will be
pointed out that the setting of network parameters is failure.

Fig.4.6 - 10 Configuration of Network Parameters
4.6.9 Tester Software Update

Select the “Soft Update” in the “Test Device” of the “PC Connection Set”, then interface for
update will arise, like Fig.4.6 - 11. The user just needs to choose DSP or ARM or FPGA to update the
software.
Fig.4.6 - 11Tester Software Update

Chapter 5 Basi c Test Modu le
5.1 AC Test
Click the "AC Test" with a mouse on the KRT system main interface to enter the AC test interface
module as shown in Fig. 5.1- 1:
Fig.5.1- 1AC Test
5.1.1 Interface Layout

Interface is divided into four regions
① interface heading region: file, view, settings, parameters and other menu items and some
regular toolbar of testing
② interface left region: the test program, several pilot projects provided for in this add and modify,
delete, test program
③ interface bottom region: Contacts On/Off shows of Binary I/O and test results column.
④ interface middle region:
Left side of the interface middle region - Test view to set the initial value, final value, step for each
variable testing AC voltage and current values. Tick "√" in the "Variable" selection box indicates it
variable, if not tick "√" means no change.
Right side of the interface middle region – Vector display of AC voltage and current.
5.1.2 Parameter Settings
Parameters ①
Variables: Amplitude, phase and frequency, you can choose either one as a variable or all channel
for variable output.
Parameters ②
Page shown in Fig. 5.2- 2:

Fig.5.1- 2AC Test

Setting Mode: many selection of Direct, Phase-phase, Sequence components, power, fault value,
Z-I constant, Z-V constant, Z-Zs Constant fixed as belows sub–menu description:
Direct: direct setting of the phase voltage, current amplitude, phase, frequency;
Line-Line: as Line voltage for Setting the UAB and 3U0, amplitude and phase of each phase
current;
Symmetrical components:setting the U1, U2, and U0 as well as three-phase current amplitude
and phase, Amplitude and phase of UA, UB, and UC is calculated by the sequence components.
Powers:set active and reactive power and AC voltage amplitude, phase of A, B, C each phase;
Fault values: as short-circuit voltage/current by Setting short-circuit voltage, current amplitude
and phase, which automatically calculate the relative amplitude and phase according to the type of
failure;
Z-I constant: short-circuit impedance/current: Set short-circuit impedance and short-circuit
current, Amplitude and each phase of current and voltage is calculated according to the type of fault;
Z-V constant: short-circuit impedance/voltage: Set short-circuit impedance and short-circuit
voltage, amplitude and each phase of current and voltage is calculated according to the type of fault;
Z-Zs Constant: short-circuit and system-side impedance: Set the short-circuit impedance Z and the
system-side impedance Zs, amplitude and each phase of current and voltage is calculated according to
the type of fault ;
Trigger Condition: can be time-triggered, keypress-trigger, Binary Input + time-triggered,
GPS-trigger
Time trigger: the switchovers over automatically flip to the next state after the output time keep
to reach the current state of the output time setting;
Keypress trigger: the system prompts the box for user to choose whether to enter by the next
state, the system prompts contents of the box can be set free;
Binary Input + Time trigger: the switchover over automatically flip to the next state either one
conditions of Binary Input or Time trigger is met’
Auto Step: automatic test and manual test mode, and each step period on automatioc mode.
Automatic test: If “Auto step” enabled, "Automatic test of time" and "step" for
Program-controlled test of the action Value, the return value. Click the icon " " for over testing; click
the minus icon " " froowe testing.

Trigger Stop: The output will be stop when confirmed a trip signal if Trigger Stop is enabled.
Note: the parameters cannot change in automated testing; you must stop the test firstly,
parameters may be modified to re-test.
Manual test: press " " or " " icon changing in steps for manual test;

The variable has no time limits in testing, you can “ ”、“ ” to increase/reducing test;
Test stop after Binary Inputconfirmed the action signal with automatically record of action time
and values.
5.1.3 Test Processes
Click on the "AC Test" menu to enter the interface shown in Fig. 5.1- 3:
Fig.5.1- 3AC Test

1) The Test Connection
Protection relays device will be connected with the corresponding terminal of current or voltage
output port of the tester with a wire；The relays’ action contacts and the overlap contacts and export
contacts of protective device will be wire connected to the BI contacts of tester
.
Fig.5.1- 4Test Connection
2) Parameters
A.Set the test mode as manual testing or automated testing.
B, Set variables.
C, Set Binary Input.
D, Set the "light load" or "heavy." according to the capacity of the tester load;
E, Stored parameters.
F, Begin testing.

G, Report processing and choose whether to save the report.
3) The Testing Process
Click Start Test icon to start this test,
Click icon to stop test if testing is terminated halfway., you can modify the variable
parameters during the Manual test, , you cannot modify the parameters in automatic test.
In Manual Test by pressing manually“ ”“ ” for the relay record the action values and
action time, click the icon to stop testing; Dialog box automatic pop-up to save the report at end
of the trial.
In Automatic Test, testing end after Binary input received the signal from the relays’ action
contacts and overlap contacts, the system automatically pop-up dialog box to save the report.
5.1.4 Test Example
Testing tasks: GE-L90 phase over-current test
Test items: action current and action time test
Protection relays default value:
Note: all other protection exits except phase over-current.
Phase delay over-current: Disabled
Phase instantaneous overcurrent 1: Enable
Delay: 0.00S
Start: 5.0A
Phase instantaneous overcurrent 2: Disable
Phase direction 1: Disable
Phase direction 2: Disable
Test Steps:
1) The test connection: the A-phase current loop of the protection access to the current output
terminal IA, IN of tester, the action contacts of protection relays access to the Binary input 1 contacts
of tester as shown in Fig. 5.1- 4.
2) Parameters Settings:
Action time test:
Automatic step: not checked
Group 1: Check Output: IA
Output mode: amplitude
value: 6.0A
after above parameters is set up, the test program to add the test item.
Action value test:
Automatic step: not checked
Group 1: Check output: IA
Output mode: amplitude
value: 0.25A
after above parameters is set up, the test program to add the test item.
3) Choose the appropriate test program in the test plan and then begin testing.
4) Test is completed, click on "view report" to view the report, as shown:

Fig.5.1- 5Report View

5.2 Ramping Test

Click "Ramping test" module of KRT system main interface into the homologous test module as
shown in Fig. 5.2- 1;
Fig.5.2- 1Ramping Test

Ramping test can flexibility defines the trigger conditions of each state, which can be combined
through a lot of complex tests, such as the action return value, Max. /Min. value of the starting current
fix-value test, power, direction and other tests; the results assess more powerful homologous, you can
set the tolerance range for test results valuation ; at the same time complex calculation can combined
by several state test data with a simple calculation.
Interface with 5 view
(1) Test parameter: add state and signal set group, output, variables, initial value, final value,
step, Ramping time, rate, step times, test time, fault Trigger and so on information.
(2) Measurement views: the Ramping measurement of Ramping sate, group, signal, ratings value,
negative deviation, positive deviation, actual value and etc.
(3) Impedance view: tolerances display, impedance Angle display options and selected test
points, select test line, support point measurement function in the impedance characteristics graph.
(4) Detail view: for fault or fault-trigger or result-trigger by setting analog output values of
3-pgase current and voltage of 8-kinf phase-phase models
(5) Vector view: vector graph shows area of former three-phase AC voltage and current.
5.2.2 Parameter Settings
Parameter Settings ①
The basic parameters: Ramping variables (can add many dynamic Ramping variables including
current/voltage amplitude, phase, frequency, phase and etc) and initial value, final value, step, rate;
Ramping method (of Action stop, rapid scanning, dichotomy), Ramping time; Return state and return
time; former Fault time (before Ramping).
Parameter Settings ②
Page as shown in Fig. 5.2- 2:


Fault Trigger Condition:Time, Key pressed (Customize define), Binary input + Time;
Result Trigger condition:Key pressed, Binary Input trigger;
Prefault:enable/disable prefault time of fault output, the prefault parameter can customize define
during ramping;
Fault Interval:enable/disable the output parameter between the interval time of ramping.
5.2.3 Test Process
Click "Ramping test" module of KRT system main interface into the homologous test module as
shown in Fig. 5.2- 3,

1) Test Wiring
Protection relays device will be connected with the corresponding terminal of the tester‘s current
or voltage output port with a wire；the relays’ trip contacts and the reclose contact of protective device
will be wire connected to the Binary Input contacts of tester.
2）Parameters Settings
A, automatic Ramping, test each one state in turn with action to stop, rapid scanning, dichotomy.
B, select the variables, set the initial value and final value.

C, set up Binary Input(Fault trigger, Result trigger)

D, data switchover.
E, save parameters.
F, Start testing.
G, report processing and choose whether to save the report.
3）Test Process
Click "Start" on the toolbar ICONS for automatic Ramping of each state, which can test the
corresponding test control such as start, stop, suspend, continue, power switchover over for data
testing;
At the same times it can perform some of the data transfer such as primary/secondary value
switchover, relative absolute value switchover, cycle time switchover;
In testing Binary output(BO) is automatic send; Part of the RIO file only contains fixed value
information of equipment and error relationships calculation;
Test results content of action time, action value, trigger amount, error, result assessment;
Final test report contents of test parameters, BI/O state, output state, vector diagram, time signal
Fig., and characteristic Fig.;
5.2.4 Test for example
Testing tasks: over-current action border inspection of zero-sequence 1-section on ISA-311 line
protection relays.
Test items: action border inspection
Protection setting value:
Zero-sequence inverse time retreating: exit
Zero-sequence overcurrent 1-section retreating: input
Zero-sequence overcurrent 1-section fixed value: 5.0 A
Zero-sequence overcurrent 1-section time limit: 0.00 S
Zero-sequence current action boundary: 168º≤Arg3U0/3I0≤348º
Trial Process:
1) Test Connection:
A -phase current circuit of protection device access to output terminals IA, IN of tester;
The UA UB/UC/UN access to the UA/UB/UC/UN voltage output terminals of tester;
The outputting contacts IN of protection device will access into the Binary Input 1 of tester, as
shown in Fig. 5.2- 4.
Fig.5.2- 4 Experimental Wiring

2) Parameters Settings:
State ---Setting:
Group: Group 1;
Output: VA-N;

Variables: Angle;
Initial Value: 164 º; Final value: 352 º; Step: 1 º;
RampingTime: 0.50 S
Detailed View Settings:
Fault Settings:
Setting Mode: direct
Fault Trigger: time
Faults Former: open
Output Time: 1.0 S
Results Trigger: BI + time
Additional state 2 Settings:
Group: 1
Output: VA-N;
Variables: Angle;
Initial Value: 352 º; Final value: 164 º; Step: 1 º
Ramping Time: 0.50 S
Detailed View Settings:
Fault Settings:
Setting Mode: direct
Fault Trigger: time
Faults Former: open
Output Time: 1.0 S
Results Trigger: BI + time
Set repeat-times According to actual needs,
Measuring View Settings:
It must be set by the item for test results valuation
3) Test: click on the "Start" button, the inspection test automatically start and end for test results
evaluation
4) Click “Report View" button to view the report.

5.3 Overcurrent Test

Click “Overcurrent test" module of KRT system the interface to enter the interface of the
Overcurrent relays testing as shown in Fig. 5.3- 1 shows,
Fig.5.3- 1 Overcurrent Test

Interface is divided into two views
(1) The left half-screen for test views as control parameters Settings area: setting test control
parameters and the Binary Input / output contact.
(2) The right half-screen for vector graph of former three-phase AC voltage and current.
5.3.2 Parameters Settings

The test is respectively composed by several sub-project test processes according to the test
project and fault type choice as listed below.
Nth sub-test: before fault, fault, reclose;
(N + 1) th sub-tests: before fault, fault, reclose;
Each sub-test project fault-trigger ways can set by users (Self-Start or Buttons start)
Parameter Settings ①
Time and the parameter Settings
Prefault Time: effective only on "Self-start" way. Every time before the trial project start, tester
output a while of prefault time (i.e. no-load condition), in order to assure the protection contacts and
reliable return reclosing prepare, so this time is usually more than the general return time of protecting
Settings (including reclose charging time), which is usually about 20 ~ 25S.
Max Fault time: the longest fault time of test system output fault simulation for each fault
simulation. While tester received action signal of protection relay, it immediately change the value of
the fault-phase current for the next fault simulation. This time must be longger than the relay action
time.
Fault Interval: it is set break-time if a while times of zero output is required between two fault
simulation for ensuring protection relay action contact reset or electromagnetic type relay turning back
to the initial position, In the break time test system has no voltage current output. This time commonly
set more than the reinstatement time of relay.

Fault type: seven fault type for test choice as A/B/C-phase grounding; A-B/B-C/C-A and
three-phase short-circuit.
1. Single-phase grounding
For single-phase ground fault, the fault-phase current is equal to test current and other two-phase
current is zero. For example of A-phase short-circuit, its vector diagram shown below:
A-phase Grounding Short Circuit
2. Two-phase short-circuit
Two fault phase current equals the tested current, and each phase is reverse. Taking BC phase
short-circuit as an example, Ib and Ic equals to tested current, Ia is zero, and other three phases are
nominal voltage, its vector diagram is shown below:
BC-phase Phase Phase Short Circuit
3. Three-phase short-circuit
Three-phase current is symmetric and it equals the tested current.
Its vector diagram is shown below:
Three-phase Short Circuit

Nominal voltage: to protect PT secondary side, usually set as 57.735V/63.509V.
Frequency: the real-time frequency of voltage/current under the prevailing fault state.
Phase angle: the angle between voltage and current, with different fault types, phase angles are
as shown above Fig.
Start value: The initial value of short-circuit current.When non-fault phase current value is zero.
End value: The final current value of short-circuit.
Step size: the amount of change of short circuit current each time

Parameter Setting ②
Define the binary input: three pairs of binary input according to the demand can define protect
trip A, trip B, trip C or a triplet trip signal for 1, 2, 3, and could enable to close. No more check the
status change of binary input during the test. Binary input 4 is taken as Reclose Bin. Input Signal. There
are another four pairs of binary input 5, 6, 7, 8.
5.3.3 Test Process

1）Test Connection
A Connect the output terminals of voltage and current of the relay tester with
the corresponding input terminals of voltage and current of the protection device by
test wires.
B The trip contacts of the protection relays are connected with Binary Input
contact 1 of the relay test set, reclosing action contact is connected to binary input 4;
the neutral terminals of binary 1, 2, 3 are electrically connected.
2）Parameter Setting
A、ParametersTesting Object  Relays  Set fixed values of relays
B 、 Parameter  Testing object  Overcurrent  Define the overcurrent
characteristic and the other fixed values of protective relays
C、Adding testing points
D、Setting the fault-trigger mode
E、Setting define of Binary Output& Binary input
F、Start test
H、Click report-view graph and check report
5.3.4 Test Example

Relays：MiCOM P632。
Testing task：Inverse time limit overcurrent characteristic
Testing connection：
1．Connect the output terminals of voltage and current of the relay tester with
test wires.
2 ． The trip contacts of the protection relays are connected with Binary Input
contact 1 of the relay test set, reclosing action contact is connected to binary input 4,
as shown in Fig. 5.3- 2.

Fig.5.3- 2 Connection of Overcurrent Test

Mainly scanning phase overcurrent inverse time limit graph, to select IEC
standard inverse time as relays-tripping characteristic.
FiveParameters set-up of relay test set
1） Parameters  Testing object  relays  Set fixed value of relays, as shown in Fig. 5.3- 3.
Fig.5.3- 3Testing Protective Relays
2）Parameter  Testing object  Overcurrent  Define the overcurrent characteristic and the
other fixed values of protective relays, as shown in below fig.

Fig.5.3- 4Overcurrent Relays parameter
Fig.5.3- 5Overcurrent relays Characteristic Definition

3）Add testing points, as shown in below fig.

Fig.5.3- 6 Testing Viewing Graph

4) Select fault type, set Pre-fault time and Fault Interval
Fig.5.3- 7 Fault
5）Select the result-trigger logic.
Fig.5.3- 8 Result Trigger

6）Start test, make dot on pre-scan curve after test, as below.

Fig.5.3- 9 Test View

7）Click the report-view icon to see the detail

Fig.5.3- 10 Report View

5.4 State Sequence

Click State sequence of KRT relay testing system, and enter the state sequence module. As shown
in Fig. 5.4- 1.
Fig.5.4- 1 State Sequence Test

Free user-defined for several states which is helpful to measure the action/trip time and the
involved complex logic of protection relays, especially fit for the tests like multiple auto reclose; there
are 8 controllable test status at most for the purpose of free user-defined.
5.4.1 Interface Introduction
There are five zones in main interface:
① Top left area: Displaying zone for Aux. parameters of current / voltage
② Central left area: Central left area-test view: for the use of parameter setting.
Central right area—vector graph: the present vector graph of current/voltage status, right-mouse
click can switch to phase-sequence and zoom in or zoom out the optimization map.
③Down right area: Measurement view graph
④ Down left area: Impedance view graph
5.4.2 Parameters Setting
The test is divided into 8 statuses: status 1, status 2, status 3, status 4, status 5, status 6, status 7,
and status 8; user could select the number of status according to the demand.
According to the difference of "trigger status", the switch among the states is confirmed by ‘’state
time’,’ it can also be controlled by the user.
The "Output time" can be set to zero when no need use this.
Parameters Setting ①
Setting Mode: direct, interphase, sequence heft, power, fault value, ZI constant, ZV constant,
Z-Const fixed
Direct: direct setting of the phase voltage, current amplitude, phase, frequency;
Line-Line: Line voltage: Set the UAB and 3U0, the phase current amplitude, phase angle;
Symmetrical components: Set the U1, U2, and U0 as well as three-phase current amplitude and
UA, UB, UC amplitude; phase calculated by the symmetrical components.
Powers: Set A, B, C each phase active and reactive power and the AC voltage amplitude, phase;
Fault value: short circuit voltage, short circuit current: Set short-circuit voltage, current amplitude
and phase, according to the type of failure automatically calculate the relative amplitude and phase;

Z-I constant: short-circuit impedance and short-circuit current: Set short-circuit impedance and
short circuit current, each phase is calculated according to the type of fault current and voltage
amplitude and phase.
Z-V constant: short-circuit impedance and short-circuit voltage mode: Set short-circuit impedance
and short-circuit voltage of each phase is calculated according to the type of fault current and voltage
amplitude and phase;
Z-Zs Constant: short-circuit impedance and system impedance side: Set short-circuit impedance Z
and the system side of the impedance Zs, automatically calculated based on the type of fault current
and voltage of each phase of the amplitude and phase;
Parameters Settings ②
Testing trigger Condition: include time trigger, Binary + time trigger, Binary` trigger, key-press
trigger and GPS trigger five kinds.
▲Time trigger can enter the next state after the duration of the prevailing state.
▲Binary trigger: the relay test set will enter to the next state after received the trip signal of
protection relay, and binary input’s logic relations are satisfied.
▲Binary +time trigger, it is the relation called Logic or between them. Either one of the conditions
is done; the test will enter into the next state.
▲Key-press trigger: this is the control mode that user can select if entering the next state
▲GPS trigger: trigger at per solid minute by GPS clock synchronizing device to realize the
synchronization test among several relay test sets.
Status number of test: there are eight statuses at your option
Binary input enable: can be divided into Logic and / Logic or. "Logic or" means it is established
when one of the selected binary input has one of action signal which meet the given conditions, "logic
and" indicates that it is established when all the selected binary input has one of action signal which
meet the given conditions. If only one binary input terminal is selected, then the "logical or" and "logic"
could establish themselves both.
1）Test Connection
A．Connect the output terminals of voltage and current of the relay tester with
test wires. No need to connect Ux if reclose brake do not check synchronizer.
B ． The trip contacts of the protection relays are connected with Binary Input
contact 1 of the relay test set, reclosing action contact is connected to binary input 4,
the neutral of binary input 1.2 .3 are electrical connected.
2） Parameters Settings
A、Set-up of voltage/current/short-circuit status under each state
B、Select the status of test
C、Select the mode of test triggering; In case of contact trigger, set up overturn
reference point.
D、Choose the amount of logic into the Binary input, set the anti-shake time;
E、start test;
F、Report processing, choose whether to save the report.
5.4.4 Test Example
5.4.4.1 Test example 1
 Test project
Nari relay RCS-931 TV offline/disconnection phase overcurrent

 Test steps
Add three states respectively simulating protection relays from the normal operation to the state
of TV offline fault, and to TV disconnection overcurrent fault trip.
 Protective relays’ fixed values
TV offline phase 4A
overcurrent settings:
TV offline phase 1.5 s
overcurrent time
 Test Connection and Relays’ setting
A. Relay Tester’s AC current output terminals are connected to the AC current input terminals of
the protective relays.
B. Relay Tester’s AC voltage output terminals are connected to the AC voltage input terminals of
the protective relays.
C. Tester’s trip contacts are connected to those of each phase of protective relays.
D. Inject hard-press board and soft-press board of distance test.
Fig.5.4- 2 Test Connection
 Parameters Setting of Test

State 1 (normal state), set the three-phase rated voltage output, current output is 0, the trigger
mode selection "time trigger" to set the output time is greater than the revert time of protective relays;
interface settings are as below:
Fig.5.4- 3State 1 Output Setting Fig. 5.4- 4State 1 Trigger Setting

State 2 (TV disconnection fault trigger), set the A-phase voltage output at 57V, B, C two-phase
output is at 0V, AC current output is at 0 A, the trigger mode is selected as time-triggered, the output

time of 2 s (RCS-931 detect the amount of AC voltage vectors comes to more than 8V, alarm calls when
the delay of 1.25 seconds reports TV abnormal disconnection), the interface is set as below:

State 3 (over-current fault), AC voltage output of 0, AC current A, B phase current to set the
output fault current, 1.2 times the fault current protection and reliable operation, 0.95 times the fault
current protection is not reliable action, interface settings are as below:

Click the Run button, the tester in accordance with set parameters to control the output end of
the experiment showed that test results can be seen at the results based on the evaluation criteria and
automatically evaluated.
5.4.4.2 Text Example 2

 Test item
SZ Nari PRS-753 line protection reclose and its subsequent speedup test
 Test step
Add four states which are respectively simulate overcurrent fault / reclose/ speedup fault after
zero-sequence overcurrent of zero-sequence section II, completing the "trip  reclose  subsequent
speedup trip  " in the process
 Protection Fixed Value
Zero-sequence overcurrent speedup value 5A
Section II of zero-sequence overcurrent value: 6A 6A
Zero-sequence overcurrent speedup delay (relays fixed): 0.1s
Zero-sequence overcurrent Section II Delay 1.4s
TripletDelay 0.5s
Reclosing recharging power time(protection fixed) 20s
TVbreak line revert time(protection fixed) 12s
 Test Connection and Protection Device setting

A. Relay Tester’s AC current output terminals are connected to the AC current input terminals of
the protective relays
B. Relay Tester’s AC voltage output terminals are connected to the AC voltage input terminals of
the protective relays
C. Tester’s trip contacts are connected to those of each phase of protective relays; Tester’s reclose
contacts are connected to those of each phase of protective relays;

Fig.5.4- 9 Test Connection

PRS-753 zero-sequence overcurrent speed sections is enabled after the close by hand and reclose,
of which the zero-sequence current value should ensure that the end of the line ground fault has
sufficient sensitivity, operating time is fixed at 100ms. After zero-sequence overcurrent accelerated by
the "zero-sequence II / III / IV segment cast back" hard plate control. So cast back plate and set the
control word as below, in addition to the list outside of the plate and all out of control word.
Enable/disable section II/III/IV Enable
section(hard-press board) of Zero-sequence
section II section(control character) of 1
Zero-sequence overcurrent
enable reclose(control character) 1
enable comprehensive heavy(control 1
character)
enable triplet-phase trip (control character) 1
 Test parameters setting
State 1 (normal state), set the three-phase rated voltage output, current output is at 0A,
the trigger mode selection "time trigger" to set the output time is greater than the
protection of the entire group of reclosing reset time + charge time; interface settings are
as below:


State 3 (reclose state), AC voltage output voltage is rated voltage; AC current output is at 0 A, the
interface is set as below:

State 4 (subsequent speedup fault), setting of fault phase voltage output value is lower than the
rated output voltage, the fault phase current output is 1.2 times subsequent speedup overcurrent
setting, select the trigger condition is Binary input + time trigger, and select the first three trips
contacts to ensure user can control the test via time when unsuccessful trip, interface settings are as
below:

Click the Run button, the tester in accordance with set parameters to control the output end of
the experiment showed that test results can be seen at the results based on the evaluation criteria and
automatically evaluated.

5.5 Distance Protection

Click KRT system main interface "distance" module and enter it; the module is used to for the
distance relays’ fixed value calibration, qualitative analysis of the sensitivity and reliability of action of
each section of distance protection, as shown in Fig. 5.5- 1:
Fig.5.5- 1 Distance Protection

Interface is divided into two regions
1, left side of the area - Test view: controlling parameter setting section for setting the testing
parameters.
2, right side of the region – Vector View: The present voltage and current vector display area.
5.5.2 Parameters Setting
The test is based on the selection of testing items and fault types, it consist of a number of
sub-test items, the sub-items test run as below.
Nth sub-tests: pre-fault  fault  reclosing fault;
The n +1 sub-tests: pre-fault  fault  reclosing fault;
Among them, the pilot projects in each sub-fault free start-up mode set by the user ( self start and
key start).
Parameters Setting ① (Test Object)

Import the “.RIO” file or edit the fixed value online as shown in Fig. 5.5- 2

Fig.5.5- 2 Distance Object parameter view

The parameter include: Line length, Line angle, PT/CT situation, Tolerances, Grounding factor,
Zone parameters, and Trip time according each Zones;
Grounding factor: is able to be divided into "KL" and "Re / Rl and Xe / Xl" and “Z0/Z1”in 3 ways,
when the protection relays’ value is set as KL, Calculation method could be selected for the "KL", and
set the Re, Im value. When the protection relays is given by KR, KX, please select "RE / RL and XE / XL ",
and set KR, KX value.When the protection relays is given by Z0, Z1, please select "Z0/Z1 Magnitude”
and “Z0/Z1 Angle”.
The calculations of impedance are involved with system side impedance and short-circuit
impedance. The setting of System impedance Zs must be more than or equal to 0. The range of Ph (Zs)
is from -90 degrees to +90 degrees.,
Setting of short-circuit impedance Zl can be either greater than 0 or be less than 0.
In case Zl settings can also be less than 0,it means the short-circuit impedance occurs in inverse
direction of installation place of protective relays. Ph (Zl) is in the range -90 and +90 Degrees. Ph (Zl)>
0 means the line was inductive, Ph (Zl) <0 means Short Circuit impedance is capacitive.
Grounding factor of System side：
Kso=(Zso-Zs1)/(3*Zso)；
Herein: Zso means Zero-sequence impedance of System side.
Zs1 means Positive-sequence impedance of System side.
If consider the Zero-sequence impedance angle equal the Positive-sequence impedance and Kso is
real number, the other imaginary part as zero.
Grounding factor of Line side：
Klo=(Zlo-Zl1)/(3*Zlo)；
Herein: Zlo means Zero-sequence impedance of Line side.
Zl1 means Positive-sequence impedance of Line side.
Consider Ph (Zlo) =Ph (Zl1) normally, Klo only for a real number.
For non-ground short circuit fault, the zero-sequence compensation coefficient is not involved in
short-circuit calculations.
Im usually get set as 0, Re’s setting is based on the fixed value of protective relays, if the
zero-sequence coefficients of relay tester are different from that of protection relays, it will cause
inaccurate ground distance test result.

Basic Parameter：
Fig.5.5- 3 Distance basic parameters view

Fault Model: it consists of “I=constant”, “U=constant”, and “Z=constant” 3 types.
Calculation model
1. I=Constant:
Assumed that an ideal current source model is connected to the fault loop, then short-circuit
voltage value is work out by short-circuit current & short-circuit impedance.
2. U=Constant:
Assumed that an ideal voltage source model is connected to the fault loop, then short-circuit
current value is work out by short-circuit voltage & short-circuit impedance.
3. Z=Constant:
An ideal powers supply source model is serial-connected to the fault loop, the model is similar to
the actual utility grid.
Short-circuit voltage & short-circuit current get varied according to the corresponding short-circuit
impedance value; whenever short-circuit impedance value get reduced, then short-circuit current
increase. Otherwise, Short-circuit current & short-circuit voltage get zoom in or zoom out according to
the addition of short-circuit impedance.
Regarding the calculation model of invariableness current, the calculated short circuit between
current and impedance cannot more than Vnom (rating voltage). If V>Vnom, it reduce short circuit
current if automatically during calculating in order to satisfy VF<Vnom condition.
Regarding the calculation model of invariableness voltage, when the calculated current if over
larger between voltage and impedance, that is if >IMAX (30A), programmed will alarm for reminding.
The solution is to reduce set short circuit voltage.
Regarding the calculation model of power supply (system) impedance, when the sum between
short circuit impedance and power supply impedance near or equal to Zero, the short circuit current of
calculation will be overlarge, which if > Imax. At the same time it will prompt out current overlarge limit
in the bottom screen. It can increase power supply impedance in order to solve arisen data overlarge
limit.
Load setting:Normal load current and phase angle usually set as 0.
Fault Inception:Fault start angle.
Fault Inception: Fault closing angle.
Failure time reference voltage phase angle. As the three-phase voltage and current phase is
inconsistent, closing angle relation to the fault type. The selected voltage reference phase as shown in
Table 1:

Fault type Closing phase angle reference
A-N Ph(Ua)
B-N Ph(Ub)
C-N Ph(Uc)
A-B Ph(Ua-Ub)
B-C Ph(Ub-Uc)
C-A Ph(Uc-Ua)
A-B-C Ph(Ua)
Table 1
DC offset: When enabled the DC offset, there is the decreasing DC heft overlapped on the
sinusoidal signal when fault starts. If the line impedance angle equal to the system impedance angle,
this time, there is no attenuation of the DC pressure component. When the calculation method
selected is a constant voltage or constant current mode, there is no DC voltage component. In
"random", because the voltage is set by hand and the current value calculation does not consider the
influence of non-periodic component.Non-periodic voltage and current component size and short
initial time of the occurrence, that supply voltage and short circuit occurs, the initial phase angle
(reclosing angle) related.
Search: the precision step for searching.
Uxconfig:config the UX channel output.
Trigger setting:
Fig.5.5- 4 Distance trigger setting view
Prefault time: before each sub-test is started, the tester output a section of pre-fault time
(no-load state), to make sure the reliable reversion of protection contact and make sure that reclose
brake is ready. So the pre-fault time should be longer than the time of reversion time of protection
(including the charge time of the reclose brake), generally is should be around 20-25s.
Fault Time: the time from the moment when entering the fault state to the moment when test is
over, covering the time for reclose and permanent trip.
Reset Time: the trip action time of the circuit breaker simulator; the relay test set will wait for one
section of the Bin. I/O recloses delay after receiving reclose action signal, and then switch voltage
volume and current volume to the post-reclose state. It can be set 0 S if the circuit breaker is being
connected.
Trigger config: divided into "Time", "Key-press" and "Binary 8 contact turnover ", "GPS "; define
how to enter the fault;

Binary Output config: once test item enter into fault status, test device can send out a signal
through binary output according to setup and delay period of time. Binary output time delay use for
matching binary output setting. Binary output remain through binary output send out remain time of
signal.
Delay time: delay from fault start
Hold time: hold period from binary output started. As shown in Fig. 5.5- 6Fig. 5.5- 5;
Fig.5.5- 5 Binary output config

Delay config: debounce and deglitch the contacts input.
Binary Input Define: 1.2.3 three pairs binary input define as protective jump A, jump b, jump C or
three jump signal according to demand, it also enable close, it won’t check the status changing of
binary input connector any more during testing. Binary input 4 generally is reclosing binary input signal,
the device has other 4 pairs binary input connector 5.6.7.8.
Shot Test / Check test / Search test: shown in Fig. 5.5- 6
Fig.5.5- 6 Distance shot test view

In this view, you can pick-up test point from the Impedance graph, and add it to a table for testing.
Add: add a test point to the testing table
Add to...: to add more fault type test points quickly.
Delete: Delete a test point.
Delete All: Delete all test point.
Sequence: Add a series test points to the table for testing.

1） Test connection
A. Use test lead to connect test device voltage and current output terminal and protective device
relative voltage current input terminal.
B. Protective device tripping exit connector connect to test device input connector 1, reclosing
action connector connect to test device input connect 8. Shown in the Fig. 5.5- 7

Fig.5.5- 7: Connection for distance relay testing

2） Parameter setting
A. Parameter  test object  setting  setup device fixed value.
B. Parameter  test object  distance  setup system fixed value and protective area setting.
C. Select requested test item, such as click test, check, and search test.
D. Setup fault trigger type.
E. Setup short circuit current and more parameters in the setting.
F. Start to test.
G. Report process, click “report view” and to check the report.
5.5.4 Test Example

Protective device: GE-L90 Line Differential Relay
Test task: use to click test, check earth distance Z1, Z2, Z3 action veracity
Fixed value listing:
Function: earth distance Z1, Z2, Z3 all open, others irrespective protection with this test all exit
Direction: Z1, Z2, Z3, are all forward direction
Sharp: Z1, Z2, Z3 are all rotundity
ZO/Z1 amplitude: 1, angle: 0°
Enable range: Z1:1.0Ω; Z2: 2.0Ω; Z3: 3.0Ω
Range characteristic angle: Z1, Z2, Z3 are all 75°
Time delay: Z1：0.00S; Z2: 0.5S; Z3:1.0S
Test Connection：
A, Use test lead to connect test device voltage and current output terminal and protective device
relative voltage current input terminal.
B, Protective device tripping exit connector connect to test device input connector 1, reclosing
action connector connect to test devices input connect 4, as shown in Fig. 5.5- 7.
Parameter Setting：
1. Parameter  test object  setting  setup device fixed value, as shown in Fig. 5.5- 8.

Fig.5.5- 8 Setup Device Fixed Value

2. Parameter  test object  distance  setup system fixed value and protective area setting, as
shown in Fig. 5.5- 9&Fig. 5.5- 10.

Fig.5.5- 9 Distance Protective Parameter
Fig.5.5- 10 Distance Protective Parameter

3. Select “click test” in the test view, add test point, as shown in Fig. 5.5- 11.

Fig.5.5- 11 Test View

4. Parameter setting finished begins to test.
5. Click “Report view” to check report.

5.6 Differential Rate Protection

Click the “Differential Rate” model on the main interface to enter differential protection model,
this test model use for inverse proportion braking characteristic of test automatically by Digital
transformer, generator and electromotor, and protract braking characteristic curve. As shown in Fig.
5.6- 1.
Fig.5.6- 1 Differential Protective Test

Test explanation
This model can output three phase current and six current synchronously.
Interface divide in two areas
① Interface left area:
Left area-test view: control parameter setting area, binary output setting area.
Left area-differential characteristic curve: differential protection characteristic display area.
② Interface right area-vector graph: Vector graph display area.
It can switch to different page for parameter setting through click the Tab of Differential rate test
view. As shown in Fig. 5.6- 2.

Fig.5.6- 2 Differential Protection Rate Test
5.6.2 Parameter Setting

Elements Explanation：
Start to test, fix up braking current, changeable differential current scan action borderline.
Test Object: use for define rate braking characteristic and Harmonious braking characteristic, it
request to set up differential protection fixed value before test, or import of a .rio file of the testing
relay. This test model curve diagram will produce curve simulation diagram automatically according to
fixed value, when test scanning curve and simulation curve superposition, confirm test curve as correct
curve. Test object define as shown in Fig. 5.6- 3
Fig.5.6- 3 Differential protection device & Characteristic definition

Diff Current Settings: according the defined fixed value of testing relay.
Idiff>: threshold current Id0;
Idiff>>: Quick break current;
Diff Time Settings: Allusion to each braking current point Ir, during searching action current,
every output time of Ir, Id, and the time of each step must ensure more than the action time of
protection. It adopts 0.5 second due to differential protection is quick-action generally.
Current Tolerances: according the defined fixed value of testing relay.
Time Tolerances: according the defined fixed value of testing relay.
Inflexion: The Min braking current Iro, can be set three inflexion.
Slope: The Braking coefficient K of Radio braking, this program define K=△Id/△Ir.

Parameter Setting ① The view shown in Fig. 5.6- 4
Fig.5.6- 4 Differential parameter setting

IrEquation: Provide 8 Ir calculation type:
(∣Ih-Il∣) /k
(∣Ih∣+∣Il∣) /k
max{∣Ih∣,∣Il∣}
min{∣Ih∣,∣Il∣}
(∣Id-∣Ih∣-∣Il∣∣)/K
| Ir |+| Il |-| Ir+Il |
| Ih+Il|/K
Sqrt(K*Il*Ih*Cos(Ȣ))
K correspond to different K value in the type, Ih is high voltage side current vector, ∣Ih∣ is
high voltage side current absolute value, Il is low voltage side current vector, ∣Il∣ is low voltage side
current absolute value.
Test Parameter:
Test Time: Maximum test time of fault simulate. Regarding each differential current point Id,
during search action current, the output time of Id, Ir. Each time must ensure more than the action
time of protection.
Hold Time: After confirmed trigger signal from protective relay still output this period.
Winding: it divides to 2 winding and 3 winding. For number winding of transformer;
CT Position: Divide to inside and outside.
Phase Calibrate: the connection type of transformer, divide to high voltage side, low voltage side
and include Y, Y0, D-1, D-11 connection type.
Balance: relative amendment coefficient of high voltage side winding current and low voltage side
winding current (include the compensation of 3Uo and unbalance compensation of CT ratio)
Vector group: Set the connection type. Y (star), D (delta) or Z (bay connection) are permissible for
the "Primary" field. The "Secondary" field - and, if applicable, the "Tertiary" field - also requires a vector
group index besides the connection type letter . The combination of these fields has to be a valid vector
group designation.
Zero sequence elimination:Zero sequence elimination is relevant for single-phase faults, only. It
may either be set as:
" IL - I0" (line current - zero-sequence current)
"YD interposing transformer"
"YDY interposing transformer"
"none"
Delta connection CT: Set whether there is a delta-connection of the CTs (only applies if the
transformer winding is of Y type). By default, the CT connection is set to "No".
Delta connected CTs may be used on the Y-side of Yd or Dy transformers. This connection provides
suitable phase correction and zero sequence elimination for these cases and allows a simple protection

design, saving additional interposing transformers.

When a Yd or Dy vector group is selected, the Delta connection can be selected for the CTs on the Y
side.

Use mouse click “differential protection” in the interface, enter the test window of differential
protection, set up parameters in each model according to tested protection type and item.
1)、Test connection
Use test lead wire to connect the current output terminal of test device and relative input
terminal for voltage and current of protection device, connect action connection point of protection to
the input terminal 1 of test device. It shown in Fig. 5.6- 5 or Fig. 5.6- 6
2)、Test parameter setting
A. parameter  test object  device  set up device fixed value
B. parameter  test object  differential  set up protection device fixed value and
characteristic define
C. select requested test item, such as point test, search test
D. set up “test item”, “device characteristic”, “binary”
E. start to test
F. report process; click “report view” to see the report
5.6.4 Test Example

Test item: scan reciprocating radio braking characteristic curve
Protection model: MiCOM P632 Figital transformer differential protection device.
1）、On protection (only select differential, others all exit)
Step:
1.Setting Parameters ConfigParameters  DIFF  select “With”
2. Setting  Parameters  Function parameters  General functions  DIFF  General enable
user  select” Yes”
3. Setting  Parameters  Function .parameter  Parameters subset1 DIFF  Enable  select”
Yes”
2）、Select used device setting parameter
Step:
Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  Global  PSS Para.subs.sel.user “Parameters
subset1
3）Logic function on/off
1. Config brake signal light
Step:
Setting  Parameters Config. Parameters  LED Fct. assig H5～H16 (select any signal light
between H5～H16)  DIFF trip signal
2. Configbrake connector
Step:
Setting  Parameters Config. Parameters  OUTP Fct. assignm.K901 “DIFF trip signal”
Step:
Setting  Parameters  Config. Parameters  OUTP  Fct. assignm.K901  select “DIFF trip
signal”
4）Protection device fixed value
Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  Global  Main：
Inom C.T.prim.,end.a：600A
Inom C.T.prim.,end.b：1500A
Inom device.,end.a：1.0A

Inom device.,end.b：1.0A
Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  General functions  DIFF：
Reference power sref：50.0 MVA
Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters Parameters subset1  Main：
Vnomprim.,end. a ：35.0 KV
Vnomprim.,end. b ：10.5 KV
Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters Parameters subset1  DIFF：
Vec.gr.ends a-b PS1：11
Idiff＞：2.5 Iref
Idiff＞＞：8.6 Iref
Idiff＞＞＞：9.6 Iref
m1 ：0.3
m2 ：0.7
IR，m1 ：0.5 Idiff＞
IR，m2 ：4.0 Iref
Op.mode.rushrst.：Not phase-selective
Rush I (2 f0 ) / I (f0 )：20%
0-seq. filt .a en.：No
0-seq. filt .b en.：No
Overflux. bl. en. ：No
braking current calculation equation: ：| Ir |=0.5 Is, y, a - Is, y, b
Differential current calculation equation: | Id |= Is, y, a + Is, y, b
5）
1. Calculate Iref
Iref is rating benchmark current of rating volume.
High voltage side Iref =50000/（35*600*1.732）=1.37A
Low voltage side=50000/（10.5*1500*1.732）=1.83A
Because transformer connection type is Y-D11, convert low voltage side current as high voltage
side, get Iref =1.37A
2. Calculate the Balance of low voltage
Kp
l=
6）Test device parameter setting

Step:
1. Test connection：
Test device and protection connection:
Test device IA  protection high voltage side IHA, test device IB  protection high voltage side
IHA, test device IC  protection high voltage side IHC, Ia, Ib, Ic connect low voltage side ILA, ILB, ILC of
protection respectively. Test device 1 connector  protection trip contacts.
2. Parameter config.
1） parameter  test object  device  set up device fixed value, as shown in Fig. 5.6- 7.

Fig.5.6- 7 Device fixed value

2） parameter  test object  differential  set up protection device, characteristic define, as
below
Fig.5.6- 8Protection Device

Fig.5.6- 9Characteristic Define

3）enter “test search” item, add search line, as below
Fig.5.6- 10Search Test

4）enter “test item” to set up parameters, as below

Fig.5.6- 11 Test Item

5）enter “device characteristics” to set up parameter, as below
Fig.5.6- 12Device Characteristics

6）Configbinary as below Fig.

Fig.5.6- 13 Binary
7）Click to search characteristic curve test, click “report view” to see the report

5.7 Differential HarmonicBraking

Click “Differential Harmonic” on KRT system interface to enter harmonic braking operation
interface, as below:
Fig.5.7- 1HarmonicBraking
5.7.1 Elements Explanation

The scanning type of Harmonic braking is double approaching type. Such as secondary Harmonic,
start to test, enter fundamental wave initial value of IA input differential current and superimpose of
secondary Harmonic Ixb0 (Ixb0=Ido), and then fix differential current Ido, change the scan action
borderline of secondary Harmonic Ixb0 in program.
Differential current diversification divides into three steps:
1, Enter secondary Harmonic value as 100% fundamental content firstly in program, protection
non-action;
2, Input secondary Harmonic as 0 in program, protection action; and then secondary Harmonic
forward to scan terminal with 10 times scanning accuracy till to find the primary protection fixed value;
3, Secondary Harmonic return to last fixed value, go forward and approach to the primary
protection fixed value with 1 time scan accuracy, till to protection non-action, record this point as
action boardline of differential Id0, scan finished.
Differential Object and parameter setting: reference from 5.6 Differential rate
Start value: the initial point of differential current changeable range
End value: the final point of differential current changeable range
Step size: each changeable step size of differential current
Test time: Regarding each differential current point Id, during search action current, the output
time of Id, Ixb. Each time must ensure more than the action time of protection.
Interval time: set more than protection return time in order to let protection return reliably
Angle (Ixb/Id): the angle between Harmonic and fundamental wave
Harmonicsize: the output of Harmonic braking selection, divide to high voltage side and low
voltage side, generally select high voltage side.
Resolution: Scanning accuracy, allowed the min error for the progress of Harmonic current
Note: 1.when Harmonic braking test, braking current is 0,
2. program provide Harmonic coefficient equation: Kxbz= Ixb / Id


terminal for current of protection device, connect action connection point of protection to the input
terminal 1 of test device. Reference see Fig. 5.6- 5, Fig. 5.6- 6
2). Test parameter setting
B.parameter test object  differential  set up protection device fixed value and characteristic
define
C. select requested test item, such as click test, check, searching test
D. set up “test item”,” device characteristic”, “binary”
E. start to test
5.7.4 Test Example

Test Item: scan Harmonicbrading characteristic curve
Protection model: MiCOM P632 Figital transformer differential protection device
1)、On protection (only select differential, others all disabled)
Step:
1. Setting  Parameters Configparameters  DIFF  Select “With”
2. Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  General functions  DIFF  General Enable
user  Select “Yes”
3. Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  Parameters subset1  DIFF  Enable 
Select “Yes”
2)、 Select used device fixed parameter

Step:
Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  Global  PSS Para.subs.sel.user  select
“Parameters subset1”
3)、 Logic function on/off
1. ConFig. brake signal light
Step:
Setting  Parameter Config. Parameter  LED Fct. assig H5～H16(select any signal light from
H5～H16)  DIFF trip signal
2. ConFig. brake connector
Step:
signal”
4)、Protection device fixed value

Setting  Parameter  Function .parameters  Global  Main：
Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  General funtions DIFF：


Idiff＞：2.5 Iref
m1 ：0.3
m2 ：0.7
IR，m2 ：4.0 Iref
Rush I (2 f0 ) / I (f0 )：20%
Braking current calculation equation：Ir=0.5 Is,y,a - Is,y,b
Differential current calculation equation：Id= Is,y,a + Is,y,b
5.7.5 Test processes

terminal for current of protection device, connect action connection point of protection to the input
terminal 1 of test device.
2). Test parameter setting
B.parameter test object  differential  set up protection device fixed value and characteristic
define
C. select requested test item, such as click test, check, searching test
D. set up “test item”,” device characteristic”, “binary”
E. Start to test
5.7.6 Test Example
Test Item: Characteristics of fixed-point harmonic restraint tests
Protection model: MiCOM P632 Figital transformer differential protection device
1)、On protection (only select differential, others all exit)
Step:
1.Setting Parameters Config. parameters DIFF  Select “With”
2. Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  General functions  DIFF  General enable
user  Select “Yes”
3. Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  Parameters subset1  DIFF  Enable 
Select “Yes”
2)、 Select used device fixed parameter

Step:
Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  Global  PSS Para.subs.sel.user  select
“Parameters subset1”
3)、 Logic function on/off
1. ConFig. brake signal light
Step:
Setting  Parameter Config. Parameter  LED Fct. assig H5～H16(select any signal light from
H5～H16)  DIFF trip signal
2. ConFig. brake connector
Step:

signal”
4)、Protection device fixed value
Setting  Parameter  Function .parameters  Global  Main：
Setting  Parameters  Function .parameters  General funtions DIFF：
Idiff＞：2.5 Iref
m1 ：0.3
m2 ：0.7
IR，m2 ：4.0 Iref
Rush I (2 f0 ) / I (f0 )：20%
5)、
1. Iref calculated
Iref is the nominal rated capacity of the current reference
For the high-pressure side of the Iref = 50000 / (35 * 600 * 1.732) = 1.37A
For the low-pressure side of the Iref = 50000 / (10.5 * 1500 * 1.732) = 1.83A
As the transformer wiring for the Y ¬-D11, it is converted to low-pressure side of the current to the high
side, take Iref = 1.37A
2. Calculated the Balance of low voltage
K
pl=
parameters tester
Steps:
1.Test connection:
Connect Test kit and protective relay:
Tester IA  HV side protection IHA, tester binary input 1 contact  to protection relay trigger
contact;
2. Parameter configuration
1) ParameterTest ObjectDevice (double click), as shown in Fig.

Fig.5.7- 2Device setting

2) Parameter  Test Object Differential (double click), as shown in Fig
Fig.5.7- 3 harmonic parameter

Fig.5.7- 4 harmonic restraint parameter

3) Search test, add search line. Shown in Fig.
Fig.5.7- 5 harmonic restraint Search test

4) Set parameter of General, Config, Binary shown in Fig. 5.7- 6, Fig. 5.7- 7, Fig. 5.7- 8:

Fig.5.7- 6 General parameters
Fig.5.7- 7Config

Fig.5.7- 8 Binary input / output

5) Click " " to start test, click the "report view" View Report
Fig.5.7- 9 report view

5.8 Recolse test

The main interface with the mouse click on the "Reclose test" test interface module into the
whole group. The test module is mainly used for distance, zero-sequence and other characteristics of
the line protection for the entire group of tests that can simulate a variety of single-phase power
system, the two-phase, the phase and three-phase short circuit, including transient, and converted
permanent failure. Check sum value sub-impedance frequency component value variation of
impedance calibration test function, as shown in Fig. 5.8- 1:
Fig.5.8- 1Reclose test
5.8.1 Interface Description

Interface is divided into the following areas:
①On the left region of main interface: Test view displays and parameters settings area.
②The middle of the main interface: control parameters and the operating area.
③Right area of the main interface: Vector Display Settings area.
④ The lower part of the main interface: Binary input and output status, Grounding,
Communication, outputting, AuxDc output, and GPS status.
5.8.2 Parameter setting
Parameters setting ①
Test Object parameter setting:
Parameter  Test Object  Device/Distance, shown in the Fig. 5.8- 2, Fig. 5.8- 3;Same as distance
test.

.
Fig.5.8- 2 Test Object setting
Fig.5.8- 3 Zone setting

Trigger setting: Start type of fault output; shown inFig. 5.8- 4;

Fig.5.8- 4 Trigger setting

Trigger setting: divided into "Time", "Key-press" and "Binary 8 contact turnover ", "GPS "
Time: after the start of the experiment, the outputs that have been set automatically according to
prefaulttime and the fault state to output.
Key-press: to start the experiment, enter the fault state will be by manually choose.
GPS:synchronize fault outputs both ends of the line start by GPS signal.
8 Turn over: The fault output start when confirmed a turnover signal from binary input 8;
Prefault time: if the Trigger config as by Time, then need set a Prefault time.
Binary output config: delay time & hold time as shown in Fig. 5.8- 5;
Fig.5.8- 5 Delay time and hold time Of Binary output config
Binary input defined:1, 2, 3 three pairs of binary input needed can be defined, respectively, for
the protection of tripL1, tripL2, trip L3 or trip L1-L2-L3. Binary input 4 usually defined for Reclosing trip.
Delay config:this is simulator the breaker trip time constant;
Fault type setting: shown in Fig. 5.8- 6;
Fig.5.8- 6Fault type setting

Fault Model: it consists of “I=constant”, “U=constant”, and “Z=constant” 3 types.
Calculation model
1. I=Constant:
Assumed that an ideal current source model is connected to the fault loop, then short-circuit
voltage value is work out by short-circuit current & short-circuit impedance.
2. U=Constant:

Assumed that an ideal voltage source model is connected to the fault loop, then short-circuit
current value is work out by short-circuit voltage & short-circuit impedance.
3. Z=Constant:
An ideal powers supply source model is serial-connected to the fault loop, the model is similar to
the actual utility grid.
Short-circuit voltage & short-circuit current get varied according to the corresponding short-circuit
impedance value; whenever short-circuit impedance value get reduced, then short-circuit current
increase. Otherwise, Short-circuit current & short-circuit voltage get zoom in or zoom out according to
the addition of short-circuit impedance.
Regarding the calculation model of invariableness current, the calculated short circuit between
current and impedance cannot more than Vnom (rating voltage). If V>Vnom, it reduce short circuit
current if automatically during calculating in order to satisfy VF<Vnom condition.
Regarding the calculation model of invariableness voltage, when the calculated current if over
larger between voltage and impedance, that is if >IMAX (30A), programmed will alarm for reminding.
The solution is to reduce set short circuit voltage.
Regarding the calculation model of power supply (system) impedance, when the sum between
short circuit impedance and power supply impedance near or equal to Zero, the short circuit current of
calculation will be overlarge, which if > Imax. At the same time it will prompt out current overlarge limit
in the bottom screen. It can increase power supply impedance in order to solve arisen data overlarge
limit.
Load setting: Normal load current and phase angle usually set as 0.
Fault Inception: Fault closing angle.
Failure time reference voltage phase angle. As the three-phase voltage and current phase is
inconsistent, closing angle relation to the fault type. The selected voltage reference phase as shown in
Table 1:
Fault type Closing phase angle reference
A-N Ph(Ua)
B-N Ph(Ub)
C-N Ph(Uc)
A-B Ph(Ua-Ub)
B-C Ph(Ub-Uc)
C-A Ph(Uc-Ua)
A-B-C Ph(Ua)
Table 1
DC offset: When enabled the DC offset, there is the decreasing DC heft overlapped on the
sinusoidal signal when fault starts. If the line impedance angle equal to the system impedance angle,
this time, there is no attenuation of the DC pressure component. When the calculation method
selected is a constant voltage or constant current mode, there is no DC voltage component. In
"random", because the voltage is set by hand and the current value calculation does not consider the
influence of non-periodic component. Non-periodic voltage and current component size and short
initial time of the occurrence, that supply voltage and short circuit occurs, the initial phase angle
(reclosing angle) related.
Uxconfig:config the UX channel output.
Test parameter setting: shown in Fig. 5.8- 7;

Fig.5.8- 7 Test parameter setting

Set the impedance or pick-up from impedance graph directly, and set fault-type, fault direct, fault
current or voltage according the fault calculate model setting;
Fault Permanent: enable for permanent fault, otherwise for transient fault. Selected as the
transient fault, the fault no longer exists after reclose. If set permanent fault, The fault continues to
exist. For a permanent fault, the fault state after reclose related to whether thefault transferred or not
Fault transfer: enable for fault transfer, disable for the same fault state after reclose.If the fault is
transient, the fault transfer will not able to happen.
1) The test connection
A. Using the test leads to test the device voltage and current output terminals and protection devices
correspond to voltage and current input terminals.
B. Protection devices tripping export contacts into the contacts to open receive tester 1, reclosing
action open contacts are connected to the tester into the contacts 4.

Fig.5.8- 8 Reclose testing connection

2) Test process
A, ParameterTest objectDevice
B, ParameterTest objectDistance setting
C, choose the items to be tested
D, set fault trigger mode
E, set the parameters such as short-circuit current.
F, start test;
G, report processing, click on "view report" to view the report.
5.8.4 Test example

Test Item: testing ground motion from the Z1 the accuracy of the entire group
Protection model: GE-L90 Line Differential Relay
Value list:
Features: ground distance Z1, Z2, Z3 all enabled, the other has nothing to do with the protection
of all the tests out.
Direction: Z1, Z2, Z3 all the positive direction
Shape: Z1, Z2, Z3 all round
Z0/Z1 amplitude: 1, Angle: 0 °
Up range: Z1: 1.0Ω; Z2: 2.0Ω; Z3: 3.0Ω
Range characteristic angle: Z1, Z2, Z3 all of the 75 °
Delay: Z1: 0.00S; Z2: 0.5S; Z3: 1.0S
Reclosure time: 0.5S
Test connection:
A. Using the test wires connect the test kit voltage and current output terminals to protection
devices correspond input terminals;
B. Protection devices tripping contacts connect to binary input 1, reclosing action contacts
connected to the binary input 4 of test kit, as shown in Fig. 5.8- 8
Parameter setting
1. Parameter  test object  relay  setting Relay’s value, as shown in Fig. 5.8- 9

Fig.5.8- 9 Test object

2. Parameter  test object  Distance Distance value, as shown
Fig.5.8- 10

Fig.5.8- 11 Relay Parameter setting

3． Add test items, as shown in Fig.
Fig.5.8- 12 Testing
4. Set the trigger mode, etc., as shown in Fig.

Fig.5.8- 13 trigger
5. Choose calculation model
Fig.5.8- 14 Setting
6. Start testing, click ‘report view’ to read the report.

5.9 Synchronizer test

Click ‘synchronizer test’ in the main interface of the KRT system to enter the synchronization
testing module which is used to test synchronization. As shown in Fig. 5.9- 1,
Fig.5.9- 1 Synchronization Test

This module could test action voltage and frequencyvalue, lead angle, lead time, Electric zero,
pulse width control-V/F, Auto synchronizer, Frequency Variety Rate Lock,can test the auto
synchronization device and various kinds of synchronizer relays (such as synchronization relay).
5.9.1 Interface introduction
The main interface is divided to three areas
① Left-half area: Test control parameter setting area
②Right-up area: Regulator pulse width, FM pulse width auxiliary displaying graph.
③Right-down area: Synchronous table, binary state and test result displaying area.
5.9.2 Parameters setting
Test object parameter setting ①
Test object setting: parametertest objectSynchronizer

Fig.5.9- 2 Synchronizer device and parameter setting
System 1 & System 2: define the connection between test kit output and synchronizer. System 1
is the system side, System 2 is to be paralleled.
CB closing time ： delay time of Circuit breaker closing, simulateCB delay when received the
command from synchronizer relay trip signal.
Synchronizer Window:
Set the parameters according the fixed value of synchronizer which to be testing.
Phase Angle：This is the total inherent angle difference on both sides of the wiring, transformers,
Y / △ angle difference i.e. Test software will automatically compensate during testing
Test parameter setting:

Fig.5.9- 3 Test parameter setting of synchronizer

System 1: Output from V-L1, simulate the system side.
System 2: Output from V-L2, simulate the device which to be synchronize.
Test items
Action voltage：Used to test the action value of synchronous voltage difference;After setup the
voltage step parameter, During testing, automatic increase or decrease the voltage until the
synchronizertrip.
note ： The frequency should be equal with the system side when testing the action
voltage value.
Action frequency：Used to test the action value of synchronous frequency difference.After setup
the frequency step parameter, During testing, increase or decrease the frequency until the
synchronizer trip.
note ： The voltage should be equal with the system side when testing the action
frequency value.
Angle and time ： Set the voltage of the side to paralleled equal to the system voltage and the
frequency do not meet the synchronous conditions. During testing, the device will not send closing
command when the angel is rotating due to the frequency difference is too large. Increase or Decrease
the frequency of the side to be paralleled by automatically until the frequency of the side to be
paralleled is at critical value, then the device will send closing command when the angle is within the
action area. The tester will record the lead angle and lead time when frequency just meets
synchronous condition.
The relationship between lead angle and lead time is ：
△ф=△t/Tw•360º Tw=1/│f1-f2│
here：
△ф- lead angle △t- lead time
F1- frequency of the side to be paralleled
F2- frequency of system side

The software will always check if closing pulse are sent from the device in every cycle. If the tester
did not receive any pulse in a cycle, then it will decrease the frequency difference automatically (if the
frequency of side to be paralleled is larger than system, then minus the frequency) and adjust
repeatedly in every cycle until the device closed. The software calculates and records the lead angle
and lead time.
Pulse width Control-Vand Pulse width Control-F ： Automatic synchronizer device when the
frequency difference and voltage difference does not meets the synchronize conditions, it may
automatically send the pulse control signal such as increase/decrease voltage and increase/decrease
frequency. The pulse width and cycle can be measured in this function.
Pulse width Control-V test method：Before the test, first set the voltage to be not satisfied the
synchronize conditions (assuming system side lower (higher) then the side to be paralleled), and
frequency meet the conditions, but not equal on both sides of the angular difference, can be
periodically close toor far away. Connect the binary input 5 and 6 to synchronizer Control-V signal (see
Fig. 5.9- 5), then the tester can measure the Control-V width and the Control-V period of the voltage
difference.Control-V pulse width is linear relate to voltage difference.
Pulse width Control-F test method：Before the test, first set the frequency to be not satisfied the
synchronize conditions (assuming system side lower (higher) then the side to be paralleled). Connect
the binary input 7 and 8 to synchronizer Control-F signal (see Fig. 5.9- 5), then the tester can measure
the Control-F width and the Control-F period of the frequency difference.Control-F pulse width is linear
relate to frequency difference.
Auto Synchronizer test: Adjust the test process is: set the voltage difference and frequency
difference are not satisfied the synchronize conditions, during test, the synchronizer device will send
Control-V and Control-F pulse command signal, tester will automatic adjust the output voltage and
frequency according the Control-V and Control-F command (connection method see Fig. 5.9- 5), until
the outputs satisfied the synchronize conditions and the synchronizer send close command, then the
tester record the voltage difference, frequency difference and angle difference.
Binary inputs / outputs setting:
Fig.5.9- 4 Binary inputs / outputs setting

Binary inputs define:
Binary input 5: Control-V increase
Binary input 6: Control-V decrease
Binary input 7: Control-Fincrease
Binary input 8: Control-F decrease

5.9.3 Test connection:
Fig.5.9- 5 Synchronizer test connection

Test process:
A、Parameter  Test object  device  setting device Value
B、Parameter  Test object  Synchronizer define outputs and synchronizing window
C、Set the test parameter: system 1, system 2 voltage parameters;
D、Set test items.
E、Start test;
F、Click "view report" to view the report.
Note: For the synchronizer experimental test,should press the start button of the device
when start test.Before test, found the start signal inputs of the synchronizer device and leads
to 2 lines, short the 2 lines when start experimental test, Some synchronization device can be
set to the synchronizing time, if the test process more than the synchronizing time, the
synchronizer device will lockout the closing and sent alarm signals at the same time. You
should again press the start button or shorting the 2 lines to start again the synchronizer
device.
5.9.4 Test example

protection device：SID-2CM-type generator circuit multiplex-type synchronizer
test target：test action frequency
setting list：
object type：Frequency difference
closing time：80ms
allowed frequency difference：±0.15Hz
allowed voltage difference：±5%
average frequency control coefficient：0.3

average voltage control coefficient：0.3

allowed power angle：30°
TV secondary voltage rated value of side to be paralleled：100V
TV secondary voltage rated value of system side：100V
Over-voltage protection value：115%
Auto FM: yes
Automatic voltage regulator: yes
The same FM frequency pulse width: 50
Parallel point code: 0001
System side corner angle: 0 °
Unilateral non-pressure switch: no
Non-pressure air switch: no
Low-voltage lockout: 80%
Control: on-site
With the frequency threshold: low
Sources of side to be paralleled: external
Sources of system side: external
Test connection, see Fig. 5.9- 5
parameter setting：
1、Parameter  Test object  device  setting device Value
2 、 Parameter  Test object  Synchronizer  Set system parameters and synchronization
window
3、Set the set the system 1, system 2 voltage parameters, add test items, as shown
Fig.5.9-6 Test parameter

4、Click Start test, see the test report view.

5.10 Fault Recurrence

Click KRT system main interface "Fault Recurrence" module into the "Fault Recurrence " interface,
as shown in Fig. 5.10- 1;
This module canrecurrence COMTRADE standard format data files, playback with the tester;
Fig.5.10- 1 fault playback

Test Description
By restore the COMTRADE (Common Format for Transient Data Exchange) format file, playback
with the tester outputs, ithave the following characteristics:
◆Support data files in COMTRADE format.
◆Each channel by setting the voltage, current percentage to adjust the output amplitude.
◆Improve the sampling rate when playback by interpolation of original data.
◆Provide GPS and Key-press trigger modes.
◆Can multiple repeat playback a piece of data.
◆Can generate a new channel data by arithmetical operation of same type channels data.
◆Can define the output range of playback.
COMTRADE format data file consists of three same name but different extension types files:
Boot file (* HDR) to provide users with additional information, to description and help to
understandthe conditions of transient recording. Boot file is not controllable of program.
Configuration file (* CFG) is a computer program reads the data in the data file to provide the
necessary information. Configuration file is an ASC II file formats, including the following information:
● Channel type and channel number
● Station name and identification number
● Line frequency (50Hz or 60Hz)
●Channel names, units and conversion factors
●Sampling rate and the rate of the sampling value
●Date and time of the first data
●Date and time triggered
●File type (ASC II or BINARY)
Data file (* DAT) contains the actual value of the transient data.


The main interface is divided into four regions:
1) Left half of the region:Channel selection; able to select 3-current, 4-voltage.
2) Lower left area: Control parameter setting, section for setting the test parameters of each state.
3) Left the region: The status of each state and trigger selection.
4) Upper right area: the current state of the voltage and current vector display,
5) Lower right: Binary inputs / outputsstatus show, test results column.
Open the recorded wave file will appear in detail view window.
In this window by a number of property pages for waveform processing.`
Fig.5.10- 2 Fault Recurrence Analog output config view

Analog output：Selectable output channels, each channel set of voltage and current scale factor to
adjust the output amplitude.
Channel selection ： Able to set 4-voltage outputs and 3-current outputs,. Click the
drop-downbutton in channel source selection; corresponding to the voltage &current list of all
available channels. Corresponding to each output channel selected by the user as needed.
Ratio：If the channel amplitude beyond the maximum and minimum output range of tester can be
set to further adjust the ratio.
Fig.5.10- 3 Parameter config

Output config：During test, the selected channel voltage and current waveformoutput start time
set by the “output time”.
Trigger Condition:
None:No external trigger, output waveform directly.

Key Press / GPS / Binary Input Trigger：In this condition, the test will repeating output waveform
set by “waiting” and “Circulate” time (see Fig. 5.10- 4), until received the trigger signal then continuous
output the rearwayswaveform.
Fig.5.10- 4 Waiting and Circulate time define

Output Area: Such as the need to repeat a certain period of the waveform output, able to set
output repeatedly.
Advance setting:
Fig.5.10- 5 Advance setting

In this property page, the background for the gray part of the automatically generated by the
software, part of a white background set by the user. Therefore, only the interpolation method and
interpolation points are set by the user.
Interpolationconfig: Some sampling points were in the recorded wave file is too low, the
waveform playback process will result in poor continuity of the need to ensure that the output
waveform by interpolation, or a recorded wave file in more than one sampling rate, sampling rate need
unification through interpolation. Interpolation using Newton's interpolation method in the preceding
paragraph, the differential offset fitting algorithm, may also be interpolated. First, the interpolation
method to calculate the data on the DSP interpolation, which do not take advantage of the output
waveform memory a long time; drawback is that the interpolation points less. Second, interpolation by
the host computer calculations, the advantage of interpolation points can be more, wave good;
drawback is that take more memory space, play time is short.
Note ： When a recorded wave file in multiple sampling rates, must be unified into the
same sampling rate for playback, then only use method 2, use the high sampling rate to the
waveform by interpolation.
Interpolated output sampling rate and the longest time by the software according to the sampling
rate and interpolation points are calculated automatically.
Sampling rate ： Shows the recorded wave file sampling rate, and some appear in a variety of
recorded wave file sampling rate, this will be listed one by one, and lists each of the sampling rate of
sampling points.

5.11 Time Characteristic

The Testing Module includes v/t, f/t v/f-t three testing items;
 v/t is used to test voltage action time characteristic of voltage relay;
 f/t is used to test frequency action time characteristic of frequency relay;
 v/f-t is used to test the over-excitation.
5.11.1 Config
Config the time tolerances, Prefault, Fault Interval and Fault time.
Variable only enable for v/f-t test, it have 2 options: Voltage and Frequency.
5.11.2 Binary config
Config the Binary input, usually set as “OR”.

5.11.3 Characteristic define

Chapter 6 Spe ci al tes t modul e
6.1 Power Swing

This module usetwo-machine system model for the dual-end power supply system swing
simulations, mainly for testing the generator out of step protection, Swing splitting devices, the
operating characteristics to achieve the power swing, swing impact of the fault test, and analysis the
impact to distance, zero-sequence devicesaction behavior. As shown in Fig. 6.1- 1:
Fig.6.1- 1 power swing

Test view, the interface in two areas:
1. Interface left the region: The control parameter setting area.
2. Interface right half of the region: The swing impedance.
6.1.2 Elements Explanation

Swing simulated by two-machine system as a model power system swing, all units can be
generally divided into two units, with two machine equivalent system to analyze its characteristics, and
its simplified equivalent network shown in Fig. 6.1- 2, where ZM , ZN are bus M, N sides equivalent
impedance; ZL is the MN line impedance; Em, En, respectively to P, Q sides equivalent potential, angle
is δ; ZS is the system equivalent impedance, ZS = ZM + ZN + ZL. As shown below:
Fig.6.1- 2 Schematic diagram of two-machine system

During the system swing simulation, dual-end voltage amplitude unchanged, take the system
voltage En angle as a reference point, fixed at 0 °, the angle of the generator side voltage Emangle δ
swing, the program automatically calculates the 3-phase voltage and current of A0 point during swing
process, output by the tester to be tested protective relay, observe and record the protective relay’s
work characteristics.

The picture shows in Fig. 6.1- 2 is a two-machine system, the line impedance ZL, power Em
impedance ZM, En impedance ZN, system synthesis impedance ZS = ZM + ZL + ZN, the measuring
impedance ZA of relay installed point A relationship to power angle δA as shown in Fig. 6.1- 3;
In the swing case, when | En | = | Em |, the track of ZA is the perpendicular bisector line of ZS, see
the curve 1; when | En |> | Em | time, the track of ZA is the impedance circle which center in the first
quadrant, see the curve 2; when | En | <| Em |, the track of ZA is the impedance circle which center in
the third quadrant, see the curve 3.
Fig.6.1- 3The track of measuring impedance when system swing

Set interface parameters, click the toolbar's "Start" button to enter the test status, in testing
mode, user can change the binary inputs and outputs, thereby changing the fault condition, the test
results returned.
 Simulate the swing：
Enter the "Power swing" module, switch to the "system model" page, two-machine system
parameters can be set to, ZL is the line impedance, corresponding the ZL in the system shown in Fig.
6.1- 2; ZN is the contralateral system impedance, corresponding the ZN in the system shown in Fig.
6.1- 2.
1．System parameter settings
Assuming the system parameters set as follows: "The system impedance | ZM |", "System
impedance | ZN |" are set to 3Ω, the phase angle is 90 °, the line impedance | ZL | set to 2Ω, phase
angle is 78 °. Default referencePotential is En, the dual-end potential amplitude ratio K (|Em| /
|En|)set as 1.1, the maximum swing voltage and the maximum swing current valuewill beautomatically
calculated by software.
 Swing process control
1) Set the test parameters. In the system parameters have been setpremise, and then set the
following parameters:

Fig.6.1- 4Swing parameter setting

Begin phase:the initial power angle of the dual-end power angle difference, can be set to 0°;
Max angle: the maximum power angle difference of dual-end when power swing;
Cycle: Swing period;
Times: repeat times of swing cycles.
Fault Enable: able to set transferred fault during swing simulating.
2) Prefault simulate:before simulate the power swing, output a normal load status set in
“Pre-fault”;
3) Swing simulate: the outputs according to a pre-set parameters to simulate the swing process.
From the initial power angle increases to the maximum power angle then decreases to the initial
power angle, this period as a cycle. stop swing simulate when cycles is over.
Fault transferredoccur during fault simulating:the timer of fault transfer reference to swing
start.
6.1.4 Testing connection

1、With test wires connect the device to tester correspond voltage and current output terminals.
2、The trip contact of protection devices connect to tester binary input 1.

6.2 Frequency Test

Click KRT system main interface "Frequency Test" to enter the frequency test module, as shown in
Fig. 6.2- 1:
Fig.6.2- 1 frequency test

Frequency test module support frequency protection, low-voltage shedding, low-current shedding,
and a variety of lockout test methods.
Test view, the interface in two areas:
①Interface left the region: the test parameters area.
②Right half screen area: Vector.

Parameter setting
Test methods：frequency, time, df/dt, Low-U Lockout, Low-I Lockout
Frequency： Low-frequency load shedding Test;.
Time: Check the trip time in the case of Low-frequency load shedding.
Basic parameters：Prefault time, Interval time, hold time
Interval time：Protection reset time, to ensure the protective relay reliable involution before each
step changes.
Hold time：Set the time to keep the output of each state, in general, hold time set to be longer
than the device action trip time.
Prefault time：initial frequency output time, the voltage and current by setting value during this
time.
Test connection
1、With test wiresconnect the device to tester correspond voltage and current output terminals.
2、The trip contact of protection devices connect to tester binary input 1. As shown in Fig. 6.2- 2,

Fig.6.2- 2 Test connection diagram
Setting parameters
1. Select the test project, set three-phase voltage, current output, as shown in Fig. 6.2- 3.
Fig.6.2- 3 Test Project Setting

Note: Three-phase voltage, current amplitude must be greater than the fixed value of
protection device such as Low-U Lockout, Low-I Lockout values, to ensure the device deactive
the lockout.
2. Set frequency start value, stop value and slip value, as shown in Fig. 6.2- 4.
Fig.6.2- 4 Frequency variable
Note: The slip value must be less than  f/  tfixed value to ensure the device deactive
the lockout.
3. Set the frequency step value and test time, as shown in Fig. 6.2- 5.

Fig.6.2- 5 Test time setting

Note: The hold time is greater than the protection deviceaction trip time.
4. Save the parameters.
6.2.4 Test Example

Protection device：ISA-351 frequency protection
Test task：Test frequency action value
Value list：
df/dt block：on
df/dt block value：2Hz/s
Low-cycle load shedding frequency value：49.0 Hz
Frequency low-cycle load shedding time: 0.5s
Low flow atresia: 1A.
1.Test connection：
1、With test wires connect the device to tester correspond voltage and current output terminals.
2、The trip contact of protection devices connect to tester binary input 1, reclose contact connect
to binary input 4. As shown in Fig. 6.2- 6;
Fig.6.2- 6 testing connection

2. Parameter settings：
1）Select the test item, set current, voltage amplitude, etc., as shown below

Fig.6.2- 7Test parameter

2）Advanced settings, which set the hold time, interval time and prefault time, as shown
Fig.6.2- 8 advance setting
3）Click to view the report, view report

6.3 Standard Meter(Optional)

Standard meter module function mainly use in collect input current & voltage, and then displayed,
actually it is a multi-function meter. According to the different connection of input current & voltage,
which divide to three phase four line, three phase three line, default as three phase four line. Click
“Start” button to start to collect standard source output, and real time to display present current,
voltage, phase, frequency message.
Fig 6.3- 1 Standard meter

Note: The max. can not exceed 6A when standard meter measured current.

Testing view, interface divide to 4 areas.
① Upper left area on the interface: testing view, include AC testing, harmonic testing,
connection distinguish.
2 Upper right area on the interface: vector diagram.
3 Lower left area on the interface: harmonic frequency spectrum diagram.
4 Lower right area on the interface: oscillogram.

Fig 6.3- 2 Parameter setting

Connection divide to three phase four line and three phase three line. Measure type can select
measure port and measure mode. Group 1 is front three phase, group 2 is after three phase. Measure
mode divide to outer testing and inner testing, outer testing is standard meter to measure other
equipment electric power parameter; inner testing is standard meter to measure itself electric power
parameter.
6.3.3 Testing procedure
1). Testing connection
Fig 6.3- 3 Testing connection

Note: Use clamp transformer to connect measure object for the connection of standard
meter current measure. The factory configuration of clamp transformer is 5A, please don’t
exceed when measured.
2). Setting parameter


According to detailed testing request, select connection type, measure port, measure mode and
result display. Click to start the test icon, check the test result in testing view.

6.4 Recorder(Optional)
This is a simple recorder function,it is to record the electric situation changing of prefault and the
fault process, it is important role to analyze and processing trouble caused and to determine whether
the protection of right action and improve the average running security level of electric power system.
Fig 6.4- 1 Recorder software interface


Connection type: select connection type as 3P3W or 3P4W.
Recorder port: select the input Voltage port from group1(UA,UB,UC) or group2(Ua,Ub,Uc).
Recorder mode: divide to outer or inner device.
Save type: save Recorder result as two format file, ASCII and BINARY.
System frequency: test device working frequency default as 50Hz.
Sampling frequency: set the sampling frequency, K30 series fixed as 12800Hz.
Recorder time: record time limit (maximum 30 sec).
6.4.3 Test Procedure

1)Testing connection
Follow up the connection of test device and the measure electric power, pay attention to the max.
measure current is 5A for the clamp meter
Note: before connect wire to K30xx relay test kit, please ensure had entried in the record
module first, and check that run and communication status is actived.
Fig 6.4- 3Testing connection

Fig 6.4- 4 Testing view

Follow above requested to set testing parameter. Press run to start test, select saved type, save
testing result. The ascii type file may opened in “fault recurrence” module.

6.5 Energy Meter Calibration(Optional)

Energy meter calibration is specialized in testing module of energy meter for electronics and
electromechanics, once the parameters of specified energy meter has been injected to this module,
these data can be saved for further usage, User can use the basic parameter interface of energy meter
module to default import all the saved energy meter settings in the box of the module, and user could
check, edit, delete and add the objectives of energy meter. On the part of viewing, editing, deleting
and adding, click to next, new adding and editing will process automatically.
Fig 6.5- 1 Energy meter calibration software interface

Fig 6.5- 2Testing viewing

Rating current: The rating current of energy meter
Pulse constant (Pulse/KWh): Be tested pulse constant of energy meter.
Warm-up time: Be tested starting up preconditioning time of energy meter.
Startup time: Energy time start-up time.
Ambient temperature: the ambient temperature under current testing
Relative humidity: The relative humidity under current testing

Fig 6.5- 3 Testing view

Meter type: select 4-wire, 3-wire, single phase energy meter, active power, reactive power,
apparent power
Meter constant: Energy meter pulse constant
Direction: There are energy pulsing signal output and energy pulsing signal input from energy
meter. Outer port is energy pulse signal output, inner port is energy pulsing signal input. If when tested
pulsing signal energy meter by device, it shall be set as inner port.
Pulsing type: Energy pulsing signal type, can be selected rising and falling.
CT/PT Ratio: The setting of transformer ratio
Certified: Signature of tester
Settling time: The stable output time of energy meter
Pulses/Rotation: the each circle relative pulsing number of energy meter
Class: Energy meter grade
6.5.3 Testing Procedure
1)Testing connection


Energy pulsing input testing line use and supply by manufacturer standard testing line
2)Testing procedure
To set each parameter of energy meter in the software according to chapter 6.5.2 instruction, add
test point, start to test, test device will calculate the outputted energy value to energy meter through
real output voltage, current, phase and output time. After energy meter receive test device output
energy simultaneously, it will output corresponding energy pulsing signal to test device, test device will
output energy value and receive energy pulsing signal to prepare, then calculate present testing point
error in order to determine the test result.

6.6 Transducer Calibration(Optional)

Transducer module use for testing standard and multi-function single and three phase electric
power transducer
Fig 6.6- 1 Transducer calibration software interface

Transducer property setting, select parameter/ test object, find below Fig.
Fig 6.6- 2 Testing object

Enter into transducer property setting interface, set the relative setting according to the
manufacturer parameter of tested transducer.


In the transducer testing view, enter setting selection, select measure quantity through the output
type of tested transducer, test method can be selected freely by testing.
6.6.3 Test Procedure
1) Test Connection


Above testing connection use power transducer of example for explanation, other type transducer
connection will regard the manufacturer` s request as standard.
2) Testing Procedure
Follow above requested to completely Set testing parameter and connection, add test point, start
to test, test device calculate error automatically according sampling value

Chapter 7 Ap pen dix

More convenient for users to understand the test software and more efficient for relay protection
test, the common protection function test and the corresponding testing software module author,
each of the test function select test method is relatively convenient software module. As below form:
NO. Relay Test Function Kingsine Test Modules

Line Protection
Distance protection impedance Setting Reclose Test, Distance, State
1
verification Sequencer.
Zero sequence overcurrent protection Setting Reclose Test, Overcurrent, State
2
State Sequencer, Reclose Test,
3 TV disconnection overcurrent protection
AC&DC Test.
Longitudinal distance\zero sequence Setting Reclose Test, Distance, State
4
5 Longitudinal differential protection State Sequencer, Reclose Test
Zero Sequence / negative sequence directional
6 Ramping
element scanning
Reclose Test, State Sequencer,
7 Reclosing and Relay acceleration function test
Distance
8 Synchronization angel of reclosing Reclose Test
9 No-voltage reclosing test Reclose Test
10 Insensitive zero sequence protection Reclose Test
Power frequency variation impedance
11 Reclose Test, State Sequencer
Setting verification
12 Normal inverse overcurrent scanning Overcurrent
13 Swing lockout distance protection test Power Swing
14 Swing recovery distance protection test Power Swing
15 Frequency setting of low-cycle load dropping Frequency test, Ramping
16 Slip block setting of low-cycle load dropping Frequency test, Ramping
Low voltage lockout setting of low-cycle load
17 Frequency test, Ramping
dropping
18 Action time of low-cycle load dropping Frequency test, Ramping
TV disconnection lockout And recovery
19 State Sequencer
protection test
Single-phase ground fault translating to other
20 Reclose Test
fault
Generator / Transformer Protection
1 Differential starting value and return value test Ramping
Setting verification of Differential starting AC&DC test, State sequencer,
2
value, instantaneous trip value Ramping
3 Percentage restraint test Differential Rate
4 Harmonic restraint test Differential Harmonic
Generator Stator ground zero sequence AC&DC test, State sequencer,
5
voltage/zero sequence current protection Ramping
6 Generator over-excitation protection Overcurrent
Generator excitation-loss impedance setting Reclose test, State sequencer,
7
verification Distance.
8 Generator excitation-loss impedance scanning Distance
Reclose test, State sequencer,
9 Generator / transformer impedance protection
Distance.
10 Generator / transformer compound voltage Reclose test, State sequencer,

directional over-current protection Distance.

Generator / transformer compound voltage
11 Ramping
directional scanning
AC&DC test,
12 Generator stator overload
Ramping,Overcurrent
13 Generator inverse power protection AC&DC Test, state sequencer.
Generator rotor surface negative sequence
14 Ramping,Overcurrent
overload
Transformer gap zero sequence overvoltage,
15 Ramping, State sequencer.
zero sequence overcurrent protection
Transformer overload, Start air-cooled, voltage
16 AC&DC test, Ramping
Regulation lockout setting verification
Bus Differential Protection
1 Differential starting value and return value test Ramping
Big percentage restraint coefficient/small
2 Differential , AC&DC Test
percentage restraint coefficient
3 Bus connection overcurrent/charge protection AC&DC Test, State sequencer
4 Bus connection dead zone/failure protection State sequencer
Failure compound voltage lockout, differential
5 State sequencer, Reclose test
compound voltage lockout overcurrent
Circuit Breaker Failure Protection
Failure protection, charge protection.
1 Three-phase unbalanced protection,overcurrent AC&DC Test, State sequencer
protection
2 Auto reclosure, reclosure lockout function Reclose test, State sequencer
Low-cycle Load Dropping Protection
1 Frequency action value Ramping ,Frequency test
Frequency action time, df/dt setting, dv/dt
2 Ramping ,Frequency test
setting.
Low current lockout value, low voltage
3 Ramping , Frequency test
lockout value.
Capacitor Protection
Overcurrent protection,zero sequence AC&DC test, Ramping, State
1
overcurrent protection sequencer
2 Inverse time current protection Overcurrent
Overvoltage protection, undervoltage AC&DC test, Ramping, State
3
protection sequencer
Unbalance current, unbalance voltage
4 State sequencer, AC&DC test
protection
Automatic Synchronization Device
Allowable voltage value, allowable frequency
1 Ramping, Synchro test
value
Low-cycle load shedding, low voltage load
2 Synchro test
shedding, low-flow load shedding

Remote Tripping Discriminating Gear

Current element setting value. Voltage element
1 AC&DC test, State sequencer
setting value
2 Low power factor, low power criterion AC&DC test, State sequencer
Remote tripping two take one, two take two
3 State sequencer
criterion
Stub Protection
Current sudden-change start setting value, two
1 AC&DC test, Ramping
sides and CT

KINGSINE ELECTRIC AUTOMATION CO. LTD.
Website: www.kingsine.com.cn
Support: +86 - 755-8341 8941
Fax: +86 -755-8835 2611
E-mail： international@kingsine.com.cn
Address： 6/F, Block-4CD,TianAn Cyber Park Shenzhen 518040, China

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Protection Relay Test System

KINGSINE ELECTRIC AUTOMATION CO., LTD.

Technical Support: +86-755-83418941 88352594-Ext:8009

1.1 System Introduction

1.2 System Characteristics

1.2.3 Support Digital Tester

1.3 Operation Environment

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Chapter 2 Sof twar e Instal l atio n

2.1 Software Installation

Fig 2.1- 1 Software Installation

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Fig 2.1- 2 Software Installation

Fig 2.1- 3Software Installation

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Fig 2.1- 4Software Installation

Fig 2.1- 5 Software Installation

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Chapter 3 Sy ste m Star tup ite m

3.1 Interface Overview

Fig 3.1- 1 Main Interface

3.1.1 Basic Test Module

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Fig 3.2- 1 PC Connection Setting

3.2.2 Network Port

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3.3 PC Connection Test

Fig 3.3- 1 Connection Success

3.4 Software Configuration

Fig.3.4- 1 Software Setting

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3.4.1 UserInfo define

3.4.2 Phase Marking

3.4.3 Default Value

Fig.3.4- 3 Software Configuration

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Fig.3.4- 4 Software Configuration

1. Option: default binary and customized binary can be used.

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Fig.3.4- 5 Software Configuration

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Chapter 4 Op er atio n Main Inte rf ace

4.1 Interface Overview

Fig 4.1- 1 Test Interface

4.1.1 Title Bar

Fig 4.1- 2 Main Menu

Fig 4.1- 3File Menu

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The pull-down menu list as shown in Fig 4.1- 4.

Fig 4.1- 4 View Menu List

Fig 4.1- 5Control Menu List

Single current output connection as below:

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Single phase output connection

Fig 4.1- 6Pull-down Menu List

Fig 4.1- 7 Pull-down Menu List

4.1.2 Tool Bar

Fig 4.1- 8 Tool Bar

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4.2 Test Solution

Fig.4.2- 1 View Chart of Test View

4.2.1 New Test Item

4.2.5 Default Value

4.3 Panel of Binary Input & Output