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1. Prefix
mili 0.001 10 −3
centi 0.01 10 −2
deci 0.1 10 −1
kilo 1000 10 3
2. Measuring Instructions
a. To measure curve line (e.g. river or road
on the map)
- Use thread and ruler
- Use opisometer 4. Steps to light a Bunsen burner
b. i. Internal calipers to measure internal - Close the air hole
diameter of cylinder. - Light the match stick and bring near
ii. External caliper to measure external - Turn on the gas pipe
diameter of cylinder. - Adjust the collar
iii. Thickness of cylinder
Extended - Internal 5. Sequences of scientific investigation
=
2 a. Make an observation
b. Make a hypothesis
3. a. Estimate the area of an irregular object
c. Carry out a experiment
d. Analyse and interpret data
e. Make a conclusion
b. Differences
Mass Weight
- quantity of - force reacts on
matter an object
- measured by - measured by
level balance spring balance
- unit kilogram - unit Newton
- constant - influenced by
gravity force
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CHAPTER 2 CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE
Add methylene blue Cover with slip Wipe off excess Observe under
solution on the cell methylene blue microscope
solution
2
Cell → Tissues → Organ → System → Organism
.
- a basic unit - A group of - A few groups - Digestive - animal
- eg: sperm, similar or different system and plant
ovum, platelet, cells groups of
white blood, red performing tissues
blood, neurone the same involved in a
function specific
eg: function.
sperm ovum
(reproductory i. Muscle
process) tissue
(allow 2b.
movement) Organ System Function
Stomach Digestive to digest or break food
Heart Blood circulation to pump blood
Respiratory Absorb oxygen
Lungs
ii. epithelial Excretion Carbon dioxide / water
Uterus Reproductory
tissue
Eyes / skin Sight / touch
Ear / nose Hearing / smelling
Pancreas Digestive
iii. cardiac Kidney Excretory excrete waste product
tissue Intestine Digestion Absorb food
Bone Skeleton Support and protect
3. a. Nerve / neurone = carries impulse / send information from one part to another part in a
human body.
b. Type of nerve Diagram Function
Sensory - To transfer impulses to the brain.
neurone
Relay neurone - To connect sensory nerve and
motor nerve.
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Motor neurone - To transfer impulses to the
effector.
4. Organism
Multicellular Unicellular (can move)
Plants Animals Plants
- with chloroplast - without chloroplast - Without - With chloroplast
- can make food by - can’t make food. chloroplast - Can make food by
photosynthesis - Can’t make food photosynthesis
Spirogyra
Amoeba
Mushroom
CHAPTER 3 MATTER
1a. Matter
Freezing Melting
- Kinetic energy ↑ / heat is absorbed
- Kinetic energy ↓ / heat is released
- Distance between molecules become
- Distance between molecules nearer.
further
- The particles become closely together
- The particles move further apart and
and orderly arranged.
faster
- Particle vibrate only
- Move randomly
- Can’t move freely
- collision greater
b.
1. Substances
Mixture Compound
Iron can be attracted by a magnet Iron can’t be attracted by a magnet
3. Natural Resource
- living things - air - minerals
- water - soil - light
- fossil fuel (petroleum, natural gas, coal)
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4. a.i. ii.
1.
a. Combustion Respiration Photosynthesis
i. Occur day and night - Occur day and night - Occur daytime only
ii. Produce energy - Produce energy - Absorb energy
iii. Release CO 2 - Release CO 2 - Release O 2
iv. Absorb O 2 - Absorb O 2 - Absorb CO 2
v. Occur outside of the - Occur inside the living - Occur inside the living
living cell cell cell
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- ozone layer can be depleted by CFC
(chloroflour-carbon)
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c. Green house effect - Flask Q turn cloudy earlier.
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CHAPTER 7 HEAT
b. Radiation of Heat
ii.
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5. a. Bimetallic strip
8. Differences
Evaporation Boiling
b. Conclusion - occur on the - occur all over
Different metals has different rate of surface the liquid
expansion - occur at any - occur at 100 ºC
temperature only
c. Devices using bimetallic principle: below 100ºC
- Fire alarm system - Iron - slow process - quick process
- Refrigerator - Oven
- Air-conditional 9. a. Fire alarm operation sequences
d.
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d. The electric cables become straightened 12. Radiation (no medium of transfer heat)
during cold weather. The electric cables
contract when it is cooled.
e. Ping-pong ball
A dented ping-pong ball will become
round again when put into hot water. The
air pressure inside the ping-pong ball has
high energy to push the wall round again. - The heats from the sun reach us by
f. Thermometer radiation.
- The mercury expands when the - Radiation can transfer through outer
thermometer is placed into hot water. space which is vacuum.
- The mercury contracts when the
thermometer is placed into the cold 13. Condensation
water. - gas → liquid
10. Electric Cables - The gas
- During winter the cables contract and molecules lose
become straighten because the cable’s its kinetic
atoms move closely together. energy and turn
- During summer the cables expand and into liquid
become curve because the cable’s molecules.
atoms move further away.
14. Convection
- Hot air moves up
- Cool air moves down
- e.g. car radiator,
refrigenerator, kettle (boiling of
- The water level drops first because water/kettle) and air conditioner.
the flask expands. Then the water - Natural phenomena of convection :
level rises because the cool water i.
inside gets hot and expand.
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ii.
iv. Convection