NAME: R.

Yogalakshmi

REG NO: 920813106098

OBSERVATION OF SIGNAL CONSTELLATION OF BPSK, QPSK AND QAM

AIM:

To observe the signal constellation of BPSK, QPSK and QAM.

SOFTWARE USED:

MATLAB 7.0

PROCEDURE:

I.BPSK

1. Start a Simulink session.

2. Select File->New ->Model in the Simulink library browser to construct a new model.

3. Go to Communications Blockset->Comm Sources ->Random Data Sources sub-folder. Drag

and drop Random Integer Generator module into window. Double-click on this module and
make the following settings:

 M-ary number to 2
 Initial seed to 37
 Sample time to 0.1
 Output Data Type to double

4. Go to Communications Blockset ->Modulation ->Digital Baseband Modulation-> PM sub

folder. Drag and drop BPSK Modulator Baseband module into the model window. Double-click
on this module and make the following settings:

 M-ary number to 2
 Input type to Integer
 Constellation ordering to Binary
 Normalization method to Peak Power
 Peak Power (watts) to 1
 Samples per symbol to 1

5. Go to Communications Blockset -> Channels sub folder. Drag and drop AWGN Channel
module into model window. Double-click on this module and make the following settings:
  Initial seed to 37
 Mode to Signal-to-noise ratio (Es/No)
 Es/No (db) to 10
 Input signal power (watts) to 1
 Symbol periods to 0.1

6. Go to Communications Blockset ->Modulation ->Digital Baseband Modulation ->PM sub-

folder. Drag and drop BPSK Demodulator Baseband module into the model window. Double-
click on this module and make the following settings:

 M-ary number to 2
 Output type to Integer
 Constellation ordering to Binary
 Normalization method to Peak Power
 Peak Power (watts) to 1
 Samples per symbol to 1

7. Go to Communications Blockset ->Comm Sinks sub-folder. Drag and drop Error Rate
Calculation module into the model window.

8. Go to Simulink ->Sinks sub-folder. Drag and drop the Display module into the model
window. Drag the bottom edge of this inserted (Display module) icon to make the display big
enough for three entries.

9. Go to Communications Blockset ->Comm Sinks sub-folder. Drag and drop two Discrete-Time
Scatter Plot Scope modules into the model window.

10. Go to Simulink Extras ->Additional Sinks sub-folder. Drag and drop two Power Spectral
Density modules into the model window.

11. Connect all the inserted modules.

12. Set the simulation parameters (Simulation->Configuration Parameters) as follows:

 Start time to 0.0

 Stop time to 100.0
 Type to Variable-step
 Solver to discrete (no continuous states)
 Max. step size to auto

13. Run (Simulation ->Start) the simulation and observe and save all plots and values in BER
display.
II.QPSK

1. Start a Simulink session. Select File->New->Model->in the Simulink Library Browser to

construct a new model.

2. Go to Communications Blockset->Comm Sources->Random Data Sources sub-folder. Drag

and drop Random Integer Generator module into the model window. Double-click on this
module and make the following settings:

 M-ary number to 4
 Initial seed to 37
 Sample time to 0.1
 Output data type to double

3. Go to Communications Blockset->Modulation->Digital Baseband Modulation>PM sub-folder.

Drag and drop QPSK Modulator Baseband module into the model window.

4. Go to Communications Blockset->Modulation->Digital Baseband Modulation>PM sub-folder.

Drag and drop QPSK Demodulator Baseband module into the model window.

5. Now, you will need almost the same modules as in Part1. Repeat the steps in Part1 for this
case.

6. After running the simulation, observe and save all plots and values in BER display.

III.QAM

1. Start a Simulink session. Select File->New->Model in the Simulink Library Browser to

construct a new model.

2. Go to communication Blockset->Comm Sources->Random Data Sources sub-folder. Drag and

drop Random Integer Generator module into the model window. Double-click on this module
and make the following settings:

 M-ary number to 2
 Initial seed to 37
 Sample time to 0.1
 Output data type to double

3. Go to communication Blockset->Modulation->Digital Baseband Modulation>AM sub-folder.

Drag and drop QAM Modulator Baseband module into the model window. Double-click on this
module and make the following settings:

 M-ary number to 2
 Input type to integer
  Constellation ordering to binary
 Normalization method to peak power
 Peak power(watts):to 1
 Phase offset (rad) to 0
 Output data type to double

4. Go to communication Blockset->Modulation->Digital Baseband Modulation>AM sub-folder.

Drag and drop QAM Demodulator Baseband module into the model window. Double click on
this module and make the following settings:

 M-ary number to 2
 Output type to integer
 Constellation ordering to binary
 Normalization method to peak power
 Peak power(watt):to 1
 Phase offset (rad)to 0

5. Now, you will need almost the same modules as in Part1.Repeat the steps in Part1 for this
case.

6. After running the simulation, observe and save all plots and values in BER display.

7. Model and simulate again changing M-ary number of Random Integer Generator, QAM
Modulator Baseband and QAM Demodulator Baseband modules to 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64.

RESULT:

Thus the signal constellation of BPSK, QPSK and QAM was observed.