Bauhaus – Universität Weimar Fakultät Bauingenieurwesen SS2009

Numerical Simulation Methods in Engineering

am 27.07.2009 Name:
Ges:
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Ich erkläre, dass ich mich gesundheitlich in der Lage fühle, die nachfolgende Prüfung
zu absolvieren. Ich habe alle erforderlichen Prüfungsvoraussetzungen erfüllt.

Signature

Anzahl der Beiblätter eintragen:

1. Problem (20) / ISM / Prof. Rabczuk

a) What is a ’partition of unity’?

b) Determine the order of continuity of the following kernel function:

1 − 6 s 2 + 8s 3 − 3s 4 s ≤ 1 X − XI
W ( s) =  , s=
0 s >1 2h
c) What is the difference between A-stability and L-stability?

d) What is the difference between an explicit and implicit time integration scheme?
Give at least one advantage and one drawback for an explicit and implicit time
integration scheme!

e) The one-step-theta method is defined as:

Dn +1 − Dn
= θVn +1 + (1 − θ )Vn
∆t
where D is the displacement vector and V denotes the velocity vector. Choose the
value θ such that the one-step-theta methods becomes an explicit time integration
scheme! For this value of θ , determine the order of accuracy of the time integration
scheme!

f) Give one advantage and one drawback of a direct solver and an iterative solver!

g) What is a condition number? Compute the condition number for the following
matrices:
1 0 10 0 
A=  , B= 
 0 1   0 1
Which matrix is better conditioned?

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2. Problem (20P) / ISM / Prof. Rabczuk
a) Decompose the following system into a lower and upper triangular matrix (LU-
decomposition) using Doolittle method.

1 1 3  x   2 
5 3 1  y  =  3 
    
2 3 1  z  − 1

b) Using an iterative method, find the approximate smallest eigenvalue of the system
below and its corresponding eigenvector (three iterations suffice).
2 1 
A= 
3 4

3. Problem (10P) / ISM / Prof. Könke

For the following partial differential equation the regions of ellipticity, hyperbolicity and
parabolicity should be investigated

x 2 ⋅ u , xx + 2 x ⋅ u , xy − 4 y ⋅ u , yy − y 2 ⋅ u , yx + z 3 ⋅ u , zz = 0 ( x. y.z ) ∈ ℜ 3

4. Problem (15P) / ISM / Prof. Könke

The following initial value problem should be solved with the Euler-method

y ( 0 ) = 1 .0
y´´+ 2 y ' − y = 0
y ' ( 0 ) = 1 .0

Calculate y(1) using a step size of ∆ h = 0.25.

How would the result be improved by applying a step size of ∆ h = 0.125.

5. Problem (15P) / ISM / Prof. Könke

Solve the following boundary value problem by applying the forward finite difference
scheme with a step size ∆ h = 0.25.

y ( 0 ) = 1 .0
y´´+ 2 y ' − y = 0
y (1) = 1.0

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7. Problem(10P)/ fatigue problems / notches/ Prof. Werner

You have to analyze a part of a structure which has to resist a cyclic loading regime.
Figure 1 shows the modeled body
which is part of a global model of a
structure.
If you model the problem like in this
figure with a rectangular corner, what is
F your maximum theoretical stress? Give
Rigid an explanation!
Support How can you improve the fatigue
resistance of the modeled structural
element, shown in figure 1?
Is it necessary to use an nonlinear
inelastic material model for an analysis
figure 1 of the fatigue resistance (50.000 cycles)
of a structural element?

8. Problem(15P)/ Welding / heat treatment/ Prof. Werner

A steel plate is heated up by a concentrated heat source on a local area. The

maximum temperature is above the melting point. Then the heat source is shutting
down and the material cools down to room temperature.
Describe what happens with the material during the heating and cooling process
(thermal strain, yield stress, young modulus).
You want to create a model which is quite near to the real situation; What types of
nonlinearities are necessary to describe the material?

9. Problem(105P)/ Material models/ Prof. Werner

You have given three material models; linear elastic, bilinear elastic (isotropic),
bilinear elastic (kinematic).
Describe the differences of these 3 material models during a loading and unloading
situation on a modeled beam. The load (compression and tension) is above the yield
stress!
For which loading situation there is no difference between the results of the 3 given
material models, and at which point of the load the material models start to react in a
different way?
Give an estimation about the required calculation time if you use the different material
models in 3 different calculations for the described load and unload situation!

Good Luck!

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