INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE

Unit 305 – Gas Turbine Cooling System

Topic:
Cooling Air and Sealing Air system
 Aim and Objective

Aim:
 To demonstrate the knowledge on the function of industrial gas turbine
cooling system.

Objective
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
 Describe the purpose and operation of cooling air system.
 Decsribe the function of sealing air system.
 Analyze the uses of the cooling air system of gas turbine engine.

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Type of cooling system

3 Types of Cooling system fitted for Gas Turbine:

 Cooling Oil System
 Cooling Air System
 Cooling Water System

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Why Required Cooling and Sealing Air System?
The system have several function, which are:
 To ensure that certain parts of the engine and accessories does not
absorb heat from the gas strem.
 Provides sealing for bearing chambers and flow paths.
 Balance and reduce Thermal load through out the engine thrust range.
 Perform for the safe and efficient of the gas turbine operation.
 To control the temperature of compressor shaft and discs.

How to achieved those function?

Controll the amount of air from compressors to flow around the
components.

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Turbine Cooling

Why turbine blade and vanes need cooling?

 High thermal efficiency of gas turbine is depend upon the high
temperature entry to turbine section.
 However, this can be limited by turbine blade and nozzle guide vanes
material.
 By providing continuous cooling, these component capable to exceed
their melting point without affecting the blade and vane integrity.
 Turbine vanes and blade life are not only depends on their form but also
on the method of cooling.

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The compartments that required Air Cooling are:

Combustor
Turbine
Bearing Chambers
Gas Turbine Accessories

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Nozzle Guide Vane and Turbine Blade Arrangement

 Pre-swirl Nozzle
It reduce the temperature and
pressure of the cooling air fed to
Turbine
Blade
the disc for blade cooling.
 Nozzle Guide Vane
Nozzle It assist efficient entry of the air
Guide Vane
into a rotating cooling passages.
H.P
Cooling Air
L.P
Cooling Air

Pre-swirl
Nozzle

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Latest Turbine Blade Design for Cooling…

 Quintuple Pass Blade

Multi-feed internal cooling with extensive film
cooling.

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Bearing Chamber Cooling

 Air cooling at bearing chambers is not normally necessary since L.O sys
already adequate for cooling purposes.
 Good practice to have a double skinned bearing housing with cooling air
is fed into the intermediate space.

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Function of Sealing Air System
What are the purpose of sealing air?
 To prevent oil leakage from engine bearing chambers.
 To control cooling airflows of the main stream gas to the turbine disc
cavities.

Type of sealing method:

 Labyrinth Seals.
 Ring Seals.
 Hydraulic Seals.
 Carbon Seals.
 Brush Seals.
 Hot Gas Ingestion.

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Sealing Air Method - Labarith Seal
This type of seal used:
 To retain oil in bearing chamber.
 As a metering device to control internal airflows.
 To prevent oil leakage.
 To induces a positive pressure in assists the oil return system.

Thread Type Labyrinth

Fluid and Abradable lined Continuous Groove Inter-
Oil seal
Labyrinth seal stage Labyrinth seal

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Sealing Air Method - Ring Seal

This type of seal used:

 For bearing chamber sealing, except hot areas.

Ring type oil seal

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Sealing Air Method – Hydraulic Seal

This type of seal used:

 To seal bearing chamber, fitted between two rotating members.

Inter-shaft Hydraulic seal

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Sealing Air Method – Carbon Seal

This type of seal used:

 To maintain contact between the carbon and the collar.

Carbon seal

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Sealing Air Method – Brush Seal

This type of seal has advantage of:

 Withstanding radial rubs without increasing leakage.

Brush seal
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Sealing Air Method – Hot Gas Ingestion

This type of seal used:

 To prevent the ingestion of hot
mainstream gas into the turbine
disc cavities.

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Component of Cooling & Sealing Air System

It comprised of:
 Air actuated compressor bleed valve.
 Solenoid actuated air control valve.
 Air filter.
 Various fitting (piping & internal passageways).

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Operation of Cooling & Sealing Air System

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 Recap

 Describe the purpose of cooling air system

(including the turbine blade design for cooling
and their arrangement).
 Decsribe the function of sealing air system
including their types.
 Explain the operation of cooling and sealing air
system of gas turbine engine analyze it using the
flow diagram.

Group Work activity…

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Overview of Next Lesson…

Section ‘E’ – Cooling System

Topic: Cooling Water System

Thank you for your Attention

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