-Formulas for the Calculation of Resistances to Ground Hemisphere 2 TV radius "the e_ | One ground rod length L, radius. ag | THe ground rods >l;spacings ae | Mo,fround rods ae Zeb Lyte net HH 8 < Li spacings rorA ar 2 160?" Sion! ____ | Buried horizontal wire R Eofote siete aed ed length 2 L, depth 5/2 ark a 5 2L 16L? 512L" Rightangle tum of wire Tength of arm L, depth s/2 7 ; BoE (nh snd erate rennet vainss Sy -0oraity ) ‘Three-point star length of arm L, depth 5/2 Fourpoint star lengsh of arm Z, depth s/2 2 # 0.0545 oe we fob sti oon soe! a L : ak st s aE (atbentbesone—uan toca pes Six point star length of ar, depth 5/2 ’ in 2h nk + gas — 3.128 + 17582 vale’ @ L v ight-point star . 1, Py Tength of arm L, depth sia | 2“ zge in Be tn soas—ssibeaait Ring of wire diameter of ring D, diameter] R= —2 (0&2 nw) of wire d, dept s/2 2D 2 Buried horizontal strip length 2L, section « by b, depth 5/2, b< a18 2 4 atceb yf te et ) * paso} ven? * Bae Buried horizontal round plate radius a, depth 6/2 Buried vertical round plate radius a, depth s/2 B80!) 4958 "See Reference [16]. ‘tApproximate formulas, including effects of images. Dimensions must be in centimeters to give’ resistance in ohms. p= resistivity of earth in ohm-centimeters. For 10 f (3. 2) rods of 1/2, 6/8, and 3/4 in (12.7, 15.88, and 19.05 mm) diameters, the grounding resistance may be quickly determined by dividing the soil resistivity p, Q-em, by 288, 298, and 307, respectively,