BABU BANARASI DAS NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

LUCKNOW

AFFILIATED TO

DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

“Gesture controlled wheel chair”

A synopsis submitted for partial fulfilment of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical

and Electronics Engineering.

Under the guidance of

Mr. Krishna Mishra (Lecturer.)

Mrs. Nikita Gupta (Asst. Professor)

Submitted By

Srijan Mishra (1505421033)

Prajjwal kashyap (1505421022)

Shreya Singh (1505421029)

Ayush Singh (1505421011)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We deeply wish to express our heartfelt gratefulness and gratitude to the following people
who guided and supported us in every step of my work.

It is our pleasure to offer my sincerest gratitude to my guide Lecturer Krishna Mishra and
Asst. Professor Nikita Gupta who has guided and supported us throughout the topic with
his patience and knowledge. His guidance, serenity, commitment, strictness and support
helped us to complete this work.

We would like to express our heartiest gratitude to Prof. Rafik Ahmad, head of department
(EE/EN), BBDNITM, Lucknow, for his unconditional support and permission to use the
departmental labs.

We are also grateful to respected Dr. Prabal.K.Chakraborty, Director, Babu Banarasi Das
National Institute of Technology, Lucknow, for providing us a great academic environment
where we can transform our self as an asset of the nation. Finally, I would like to thank my
parents for their blessing and care.

SRIJAN MISHRA (1505421033)

PRAJJWAL KASHYAP (1505421022)

SHREYA SINGH (1505421029)

AYUSH SINGH (1505421011)

 CONTENT

Sr.No. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1. ABSTRACT Pg 1

2. INTRODUCTION Pg 2

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM Pg 3

4. PROJECT DESIGN Pg 4-8

5. WORKING Pg 9-11

CONCLUSION Pg 12
6.

7. REFERENCE
 ABSTRACT

Detecting fire and extinguishing is a hazardous job for a fire extinguisher, it often risks
the life of that person. This project aims in giving a technical solution to the mentioned
problem.
A robot is a mechanical design that is capable of carrying out a complex series of actions
automatically, especially one programmable by a computer.
This robot is controlled using a mobile phone through Bluetooth for its movement and
reaching the fire, the flame sensor detects the fire and gives the further signal to the
extinguisher units to trigger the pump or it can be automatically sense fire and reach to
the fire place and spray the water on its own.

The whole system is programmed using an Arduino UNO board (ATmega328P

microcontroller) which forms the brain of the system. In this project, we will learn how to
build a simple robot using Arduino that could move towards the fire and pump out
water around it to put down the fire. It is a very simple robot that would teach us the
underlying concept of robotics; you would be able to build more sophisticated robots
once you understand the following basics.

1
 INTRODUCTION

Robot is a machine that looks like a human being and performs various complex tasks.
There are many types of robots such as fixed base robot, mobile robot, underwater robot,
humanoid robot, space robot and medicine robot etc. In this paper a FIRE
EXTINGUISHING ROBOT is proposed. This robot is equipped with a single flame sensor
used to sense environmental fire and feed the signals to the microcontroller in order to
trigger the pump which sprinkles water in order to extinguish the fire. This robot
implements the concepts of environmental fire sensing, proportional motor control. The
motor driver is used for the bidirectional control of the motors equipped in the robot.

Thus, the robot processes information from its various key hardware elements such as
flame sensor, Arduino board (microcontroller). The programming of the robot is done
using the arduino C which is derived from C and C++ languages. This paper is presented
as follows. Proposed methodology in section II which constitutes of block diagram and
components and their explanation. Hardware and software details are included in section
III. In Section IV, results and conclusions are included.

2
 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

The above figure shows the Block Diagram of Fire Fighting robot. The basic theme of this
paper is to sense the environmental fire and extinguish it with the help of a water pump. The
Arduino UNO Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. The ATmega328P is good
platform for robotics application. Thus the real time fire extinguishing can be performed.

The Arduino software runs on different platforms such as mac, windows and Linux. The
Arduino libraries play a major role in making the programming easier by providing wider
range of libraries. There are many built in libraries available in the Arduino software and it
allows to add additional libraries that are available in the open source for download. Adding
of new boards to Arduino software is possible. Since, Arduino C is derived from C and C++
programming and is much easier when compared other controller programming.

The microcontroller in turn control the extinguishing system. The Operating Voltage of the
controller is 5V and the Clock Speed is 16 MHz, and the recommended Input Voltage 7-12V,
whereas the limitation of Input Voltage between 6-20V. Here, the IC MT8870DE, a touch
tone decoder IC is used.

3
 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE DETAILS

HARDWARE USED: ATmega328P microcontroller (Arduino UNO):

Fig: Arduino Uno microcontroller based development board

• Arduino is a hardware and software company that designs and manufactures single
board microcontrollers.

• The Arduino language is merely a set of C/C++ functions that can be called from your
code.

• The microcontroller used is ATmega328.

• It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs a 16 MHz crystal oscillator.

4
 L293D MOTOR DRIVER IC

• A motor driver is an integrated circuit chip which is usually used to control motors in
autonomous robots. Motor driver act as an interface between Arduino and the motors.
These ICs are designed to control 2 DC motors simultaneously.

Fig-Motor Driver IC L239D

IR FIRE SENSORS
• These types of sensors are used for short range fire detection and can be used to
monitor projects or as a safety precaution to cut devices off / on.

• This unit is mostly accurate up to about 3 feet.

• The sensor basically detects IR (Infra-Red) light wavelength between 760 nm – 1100
nm (nano meter) that is emitted from fire flame.

Fig-Flame Sensors

5
 SERVO MOTOR (SG90):

• Servo canrotate approximately 180 degrees. (90 in each direction)

• Servo Motors are used in applications where very high precision motion is
required like assembly robots, computer numeric controls etc.

WORKING

 The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the Fire
sensor module (flame sensor).
 When fire burns it emits a small amount of Infra-red light, this light will be received
by the IR receiver on the sensor module.
 So, we place three such sensors in three directions of the robot to sense on which
direction the fire is burning.
 We detect the direction of the fire we can use the motors to move near the fire by
driving our motors through the L293D module.
 When near a fire we have to put it out using water.
 Using a small container we can carry water, a 5V pump is also placed in the container
and the whole container is placed on top of a servo motor so that we can control the
direction in which the water has to be sprayed.

6
 ADVANTAGES

The fire detecting robot helps in following ways:

• To detect the exact direction of the fire source.

• Capability of sensing accurately with increased flexibility.

• Reduce human effort.

• Reliable and economical.

• Not sensitive to weather conditions.

DISADVANTAGES

• No monitoring system for the vehicle.

• No remote control for the robotic movement.

• Our system used only for less than 3.5Kg application.

• It is not used to put out large fires.

CONCLUSION

Here we successfully developed the FIRE EXTINGUSHER Robot.

• Robot detects temperature, smoke and flame at the site where the robot exists.

• This robot is help full in those areas where natural calamity and bomb explosions
where occurred.

• If fire is detected with the help of sensors, servo motor operates the water pump
mechanism

• USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

7
 REFRENCES

• ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7251507

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269406029_Fire Fighting Robot