Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.

Dr. NAGY‐GYÖRGY Tamás
Professor

E‐mail: 
tamas.nagy‐gyorgy@upt.ro

Tel:
+40 256 403 935

Web:
http://www.ct.upt.ro/users/TamasNagyGyorgy/index.htm 

Office:
A219

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.

Punching shear can result from a concentrated load or reaction acting on a relatively 
small area, called the loaded area Aload of a slab or a foundation

slab
capital

column

FLARED HEAD DROPHEAD
FLAT SLAB
ENLARGED HEAD

PAD FOUNDATION

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 2

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.

Punching shear can result from a concentrated load or reaction acting on a relatively 
small area, called the loaded area Aload of a slab or a foundation

NEd  VEd

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 3

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Ways of failure

Cracks due to punching

Cracks due to bending

Punching surface for
bending Circular column section  truncated cone
Pattern of crack Rectangular column section  truncated pyramid
Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 4
Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Ways of failure

Failure within shear‐reinforced area Failure outside shear‐ reinforced area

Failure closed to column by crushing of concrete Delamination of concrete core

Failure between transverse reinforcement Flexural failure

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 5

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Load distribution and basic control perimeter

 200 mm

0.5

effective depth of the 
slab is assumed constant

A ‐ basic control section (
B ‐ basic control area Acont
C ‐ basic control perimeter,  2
D ‐ loaded area Aload
‐ further control perimeter

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 6

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Load distribution and basic control perimeter

 200 mm

0.5

effective depth of the 
slab is assumed constant

A ‐ basic control section (
B ‐ basic control area Acont
C ‐ basic control perimeter,  2
D ‐ loaded area Aload
‐ further control perimeter

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 7

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Load distribution and basic control perimeter

h
r0

b
u1= 2(b + h) + 2(2d) = u0 + 4 d u1= 2(r0 +2d)
u0 = 2(b + h) ‐ perimeter

Near edge
Corner
Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 8
Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Load distribution and basic control perimeter

Near an opening

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 9

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Punching shear calculation

Shear stress depends on: VEd & MEd

ui ‐ length of the perimeter being considered:
‐ basic control perimeter u1
‐ column perimeter u0

VEd
vEd   punching shear stress
ui d

Coefficient 
 = f(MEd)

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 10

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Punching shear calculation

The design procedure for punching shear is based on checks at the:
• face of the column u0
• basic control perimeter u1

If shear reinforcement is required a further perimeter uout should be 
found where shear reinforcement is no longer required.

The following design shear stresses along the control sections are defined: 

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 11

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Punching shear calculation

, , 0,5 · ·
·
design value of the maximum punching shear resistance along 
the control section considered

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 12

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Punching shear calculation

,
· , ?

What to do ?
• locally, increased slab  thickness 

• increased dimensions of column 
• higher quality concrete
Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 13
Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Check at the basic control perimeter (u1)

The punching resistance of column bases should be verified at control 
perimeters within 2d from the periphery of the column!

Typical basic control 
perimeters around 
loaded areas

Control perimeters for

loaded areas close to or
at edge or corner

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 14

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Check at the basic control perimeter (u1)

Slabs without shear reinforcement

If    , , no calculation for punching reinforcement
·

The design punching shear resistance:

/
, , 100

equal to the column width plus 3d each side.

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 15

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Check at the basic control perimeter (u1)

Slabs without shear reinforcement

As As,top

6d  a d
As,bottom

3d      a    3d

As  = As,tensile

; 

k1 = 1,0
Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 16
Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Check at the basic control perimeter (u1)

Slabs with shear reinforcement 

If    , · , punching reinforcement is required

The control perimeter uout at which reinforcement is not require is obtained 
from:
VRd,c = VEd  (resistance force of plain concrete = load) 
vRd,c uoutd = VEd VEd
u out 
v Rd, c d

The outermost perimeter of reinforcement  uopr should  be placed at a 
distance   1,5d from uout
Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 17
Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Check at the basic control perimeter (u1)

uout
u1 outermost 
basic control  perimeter 
perimeter  1,5d

uopr
outermost 
area with  perimeter of 
reinforcements reinforcement 

uopr
reinforcements

 1,5d
u1
most probable crack
another possible crack ?
uout
Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 18
Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Check at the basic control perimeter (u1)

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 19

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Check at the basic control perimeter (u1)

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 20

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Check at the basic control perimeter (u1)

Problem: how far from the edge of the column is uout ?

quarter circle with x radius

x
uout
uout x

h r

uout = 2b +2h + 4quarters = uo + 2xd uout = 2(r + x)

x = (uout ‐ uo)/2d x = uout /2 ‐ r

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 21

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Check at the basic control perimeter (u1)

st ‐ spacing of shear links in the tangential direction
sr ‐ spacing of shear links in the radial direction

u1 st  1,5d inside u1

sr
st  2,0d outside u1
sr  0.75d

2d
Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 22
Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Checking of punching shear resistance with shear reinforcement

vRd,cs = 0,75(vRd,c + vRd,s )  vEd

imprecision in assessment of resistance

Concrete contribution:
Reinforcement contribution: vRd,s =  

NOTE:
1. Contribution of concrete and reinforcement to the shear induced by punching !
2. No such contribution of concrete and reinforcement in case of shear induced by 
shear force !

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 23

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Checking of punching shear resistance with shear reinforcement

VRd , s  A sw , tot f ywd, ef

2d
VRd , s  A sw f ywd, ef / u1d
sr

number of  area of bars in 
perimeters one perimeter VEd
vEd  
ui d
2
, ,
·

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 24

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Checking of punching shear resistance with shear reinforcement

vRd,cs = 0,75(vRd,c + vRd,s )  vEd

2
v Rd , s  A sw f ywd, ef
u1s r

A sw f ywd, ef
v Rd , cs  0,75v Rd , c  1,5 (EC2 format)
u1s r
VEd
vEd  
where ui d
, 250 0.25

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 25

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.

Assessment of  basic control perimeter u1
There is chosen sr  number of rings inside u1
There is chosen st  number of bars for one ring
Area of bars for control perimeter is obtained from condition: vRd,cs =  vEd
A sw f ywd, ef
0,75v Rd , c  1,5  v Ed
u1s r
v Ed  0,75v Rd , c
A sw , req  u1s r (mm2/perimeter u1)
1,5f ywd, ef
A sw , req
(mm2/mm) – area for unit length of control perimeter
u1
A sw
A1, req  s t (mm2) – required area of one bar in perimeter u1
u1

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 26

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.

0,08 f ck
 min 
f yk
A1,eff  min s r s t / 1,5
at least two 
perimeters

 1,5d
uopr uout

 0,75d

Minimum/Maximum distance between the face of a support and the nearest shear 
reinforcement > 0,30d &  0,50d
Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 27
Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Punching shear reinforcements

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 28

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Punching shear reinforcements

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 29

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Punching shear reinforcements

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 30

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.
Punching shear reinforcements

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 31

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.

Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater. vol.7 no.4 São Paulo Aug. 2014

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 32
Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 33

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.

Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater. vol.7 no.4 São 

Paulo Aug. 2014

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 34

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.

Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 35

Reinforced Concrete II. / Beton Armat II.

Dr. NAGY‐GYÖRGY Tamás
Professor

E‐mail:  tamas.nagy‐gyorgy@upt.ro
Tel: +40 256 403 935
Web: http://www.ct.upt.ro/users/TamasNagyGyorgy/index.htm 
Office: A219

(ASCE Library)
Dr.ing. Nagy‐György T.   Faculty of Civil Engineering 36