Cooling Water Treatment

TREATMENT FOR
Chlorination Controlling Microbiological fouling
Filtration Prevention of fouling of heat transfer
surface.
Sulfuric acid Regulation of pH
CHEMICAL DOSING SYSTEM
Inhibitors Protection of Metal from Steel/Copper
corrosion.
Antiscalent Precipitation of Alkaline earth salts
Antifoulant Retarding deposition of corrosion
products.

Reasons of fouling
Silt introduced by the make up water.
Dirt from air.
Reaction of residues from chemical treatment.
Microbiological debris.
Products produced by corrosion such as hydroxides and insoluble salts.
If fouling is not controlled, it will result in heavy deposits inside cooling water tubes, resulting in reduced tube
diameter.
Fouling is controlled by side stream pressure filter/ Chlorination/ chemical dosing

SELECTION OF CAPACITY OF SIDE STREAM FILTER

% of reduction of undissolved solids. f = Side stream filtration rate m3/hr Example

( select 80%)
t = Time desired for reduction in hrs.
(Select maximum in 48 hrs. )
b = blow down rate m3/hr For V = 6000 M3, t = 48 h,
v = Total volume of cooling system M3 b = 100 M3/h
Filtration rate = 100 M3/hr

MICRO - ORGANISM

Bacteria, algae & fungi present in cooling water circuit decreases the efficiency of heat transfer in cooling tower
and condensers.

Chlorine is the most widely used chemical in industry as oxidizing agent for destruction and dissolution of micro-
organisms.

Chlorination is effective only when cooling water pH is between 6 and 7.

COOLING WATER % of HOCl for

RECOMMENDED DOSAGE
pH effective oxidation

6 97 Free residual chlorine of minimum 0.5 ppm is

recommended after meeting chlorine demand in C.W.
sample analysis.
7 76

8 24

9 3

At pH 7 in C.W. System every 1 ppm Cl2 dosed only

0.76 ppm is used as oxidizing agent for control of
micro organism.
 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CHLORINE DOSE OF REASONABLY GOOD COOLING WATER.

CW system Estimated Chlorine dosage - ppm

Continuous dosing 1 to 2 ppm + shock dosing 3-5 ppm for

Once thro' inland Lake / River Water / Sea water
15 min. for every 8 hr. Cycle.

Recirculation CW system (inland / Sea water) Continuous 1-2 ppm Shock 3 to 5 ppm

Make up water for CW circulation water Continuous 1-2 ppm

CALCULATION OF H2SO4 DOSING SYSTEM

(H2SO4) DOSING
CW CIRCULATION RATE 34000 m3/hr
REQUIRED
= 88.4 kg/hr @ 98%

COOLING êT 18OF DOSAGE QTY. @ 30 OC

Dosing (LPH)
Sp. Gr Selected
MAKE UP WATER @ 2% = 680 m3 /hr H2SO4% for
Pump
88.4 kg/hr

M. ALKALINITY TO BE
150 PPM 98% 1.8261 48.4 100 LPH
MAINTAINED

As the selected Dosing Pump of 100 LPH can meet 200%

M. ALKALINITY OF MAKE UP 140 PPM
of the required dosing rate.

CYCLE OF
2
CONCENTRATION

QUANTUM OF M. {(140x2)-150} =
ALKALINITY 130 PPM

COOLING WATER CHLORINATION SYSTEM FOR INLAND CT CIRCUIT

GAS CHLORINATORS ELECTROCHLORINATORS

Shock Dosing of
Type of Chlorine dosing
Cl2 once in 8 hours

Cooling Water circuit Recirculating type

Make up water Flow Rate
Circulation water flow rate
in Cooling Tower
IEC FABCHEM LIMITED Provides a reliable
(Electrochlorinators) Chloridose Generator to produce
456.3 m3 / hr Sodium Hypochlorite at site using common salt, AC power
supply and water. A dosing pump is used to dose
the Chloridose solution.
24,000 m3 / hr
To meet the requirement of cooling water supply IEC offers
various chloridose models.

Chlorine Shock Dosing rate 5 ppm The micro organisms are killed by the NaOCl produced
using only common salt, power and water.
System (hold up) volume 4000 m3

Duration of shock dose 4000

( one cycle time ) 24000

System Volume
10 minutes = 0.167 Amount of Chlorine 132 kg/hr for 1/2 h
Circulating Rate=
hr dosed/day = 22 Kg/shift (66 Kg/day)

Rate of chlorine dosing 5 (ppm) x 4000 x 1 Capacity of the plant 66 kg/day

& Capacity of Gas 1000 x0.167 of Electrochlorination 22 hr Operation
Chlorinator 132 kg / hr 3 kg/hr.

Shock dosing is effective only when 5 ppm

is dosed in one cycle time.
( 10 min = 0.167 hr for the above )

By selecting an electrochlorinator of 3 kg/hr the capacity

Dosing time as specified is 0.167 hr.
The volume of 4000 m3 is dosed
@ 5ppm in 0.167hr
hypochlorite solution of 8 gpl concentration is generated
and stored for 7 hrs 50 min and the stored solution is
dosed in 10 minutes. This will give an effective chlorine
dosage of 22 Kgs/shift. (2750 lit of 8 gpl sod. Hypochlorite
solution per shift)

Frequency of 3 times a day for 10 To produce Equivalent of 1 kg of chlorine

shock dosing min Electrochlorinator consumes 3kg of common salt and
5 kw of AC power

132 kg/hr for 1/2 h

Amount of Chlorine
= 22 Kg/shift (66
dosed/day
Kg/day)