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a . X2 + b . X + c = 0 X2 + 1,20 . X - 1,92 = 0
-b ± √ b2 – 4 . a. c a = 1; b = 1,20; c = -1,92
X=
2.a
-1,20 ± √(1,20)2 + 4 . 1,92
X=
2
??
X = 0,91
-1,20 ± √ (1,20)2 + 4.1,92
X=
2 X = -2,11
X = 0,91
Verificar!!!!!!!!
[B]eq X
Fracción de Beq = =
CT [A]o
[A]o - X X
FA = ~1 FB = ~0
eq [A]o eq [A]o
B+C [B].[C]
A KC =
[A]
Inicialmente [A]o 0,00 0,00
Cambio -X +X +X
Equilibrio [A]o - X X X
KC >>> 1 X [A]o
[A]o - X [A0]
FA = ~0 FB = ~1
eq [A]o eq [A]o
B+C [B].[C]
Supongamos que A KC =
[A]
sea un ácido……..
(6,18.10-2)2
Verificar!!!!!!!! KC = = 0,0999
(0,10 – 6,18.10-2)
X 6,18.10-2
FB = = = 0,62
eq [A]o 0,10
[B].[C]
A B+C KC = = 1.10-1
[A]
Inicialmente 1.10-6 M 0,00 0,00
Cambio -X +X +X
(X) . (X)
Equilibrio 1.10-6 M-X X X KC =
([A]o – X)
KC . [A]o – KC . X = X2
1.10-1 . 1.10-6 – 1.10-1 . X - X2 = 0 X = 9,9999.10-7 ≈ [A]o
(9,9999.10-7)2
Verificar!!!!!!!! KC = = 0,0999
(1.10-6 – 9,999.10-7)
X 9,999.10-7
FB = = = 0,999
eq [A]o 1.10-7
[B].[C]
A B+C KC = = 1,8.10-5
[A]
Inicialmente 0,10 M 0,00 0,00
Cambio -X +X +X
(X) . (X)
Equilibrio 0,10 M - X X X KC =
([A]o – X)
KC . [A]o – KC . X = X2
1,8.10-5 . 0,10 – 1,8.10-5 . X - X2 = 0 X = 1,3.10-3
(1,3.10-3)2
Verificar!!!!!!!! KC = = 1,72.10-5
(0,10 – 1,3.10-3)
X 1,3.10-3
FB = = = 0,013
eq [A]o 0,10
A B+C
Inicial [A]o [B]o [C]o En equilibrio?
A B + C A B + C
Inicial [A]o [B]o [C]o [A]o [B]o [C]o
Cambio +X -X -X -X +X +X
Equilibrio [A]o+X [B]o-X [C]o-X [A]o-X [B]o+X [C]o+X
Perturbaciones:
1
8
6
[A] = [B] 5
[B] (M)
KC = 3/3
4
2
3 1
KC = 1 2 3
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
[A] (M)
2 3
[A] < [B] [A] = [B]
QC = 3/1 KC = 2/2
QC > KC KC = 1
Efecto de la Concentracion: A(g) B(g) KC = 1
8
1 7
[A] = [B] 5
[B] (M)
4 3
KC = 3/3 1
3
2
KC = 1 2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
[A] (M)
2 3
[A] > [B] [A] = [B]
QC = 3/5 KC = 4/4
QC < KC KC = 1
Reacciones que incluyen soluciones y/o gases:
Q<K Q>K
K = constante
Efecto de la Concentracion:
Fe 3+(ac) + SCN-(ac) FeSCN2+(ac) K1 =1,05x103
(298K)
Amarillo Incoloro Rojo
K3 =K2/K1=1,02x1015
(298K)
Fe(C2O4)3(ac)
Efecto de la Presion:
A(g) B(g) KP = 1 2 A(g) B(g) KP = 1
V PA = PB (PA)2 = PB
KP = 3/3 KP = 4/22
KP = 1 KP = 1
PA = PB (PA)2 > PB
KP = 6/6 QP = 8/42 = ½
KP = 1
1/2V QP < KP
Efecto de la Presion:
A(g) B(g) KP = 1 2 A(g) B(g) KP = 1
8 12
7 10
6
4
3 8
3
PB (bar)
5
PB (bar)
4 6
3 4
1 1
2
2
1
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5
PA (bar) PA (bar)
1 KP = 3/3 = 1 1 KP = 4/22 = 1
2 V1 = 2*V2 2 V1 = 2*V2
4 KP = 9/32 = 1
Reacciones que incluyen gases:
K = constante
Efecto de la Temperatura:
DGo = - R x T x Ln K
Distintas temperaturas???
DHo1 DHo2
- DSo1 - - DSo2 = - (Ln K1 - Ln K2) x R
T1 T2
Efecto de la Temperatura:
DHo1 DHo2
- DSo1 - - DSo2 = - (Ln K1 - Ln K2) x R
T1 T2
DSo1 = DSo2 DSo constante
DHo1 DHo2
- = - (Ln K1 - Ln K2) x R
T1 T2
DHo1 = DHo2 DHo constante
DHo 1 1
- = - (Ln K1 - Ln K2)
R T1 T2
DHo 1 1 K2 Ecuación de
- = Ln van’t Hoff
R T1 T2 K1
Efecto de la Temperatura:
DHo 1 1 K2
- = Ln
R T1 T2 K1
T2 > T1 Numero positivo
-40
DH positivo
-60
-80
0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004
1/T (K)
20
DH = -206,2 kJ
Pendiente positiva
DH negativo
0
1/T (K)
Endotérmica Exotérmica
Temperatura Temperatura