INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS

GFML3053
Asraf Qudsi Ayatullah
237406
International Business Management

“VIDEO REVIEW”

Submitted to:

Prof. Madya Dr. Nik Ab. Halim bin Nik Abdullah

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction: Definition

2.0 Type of Merchant Vessels

2.1 Cargo Ships
2.1.1 Bulk Carriers
2.1.2 Container Ships
2.1.3 Tankers
2.1.4 LNG Carriers
2.1.5 RORO Ships

2.2 Passenger Ships

2.2.1 Ferries
2.2.2 Cruise Ship
2.2.3 Ocean Liners

3.0 Conclusion

4.0 References
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Merchant ships of various types, running from little feeder ships to car carriers, big
container vessels and oil tankers, venture to every part of the seas day by day transporting a
boundless scope of cargoes. Sea transportation is a highly competitive business. To remain
profitable, ship owners and administrators concentrate persistently on diminishing working
expenses. Vulnerability in the worldwide economy, credit emergencies, fluctuating freight rates
and oil prices all affect the ship owner’s profit margins. Shelter fuel oil alone can represent up to
60% of a vessel's working expenses.

Merchant vessels are ships that are generally used either for carrying cargo or passengers.
Basically, the ships that are occupied with dynamic business transportation fall in this
classification. The navy ships or pleasure craft that don’t charge passengers are excluded from
the category of merchant vessels. Merchant vessels come in various sizes and shapes. It can be as
small as a 6 m (20 ft) long diving boat, or as big as ultra large crude carriers (ULCC) that can be
up to 415 m (1,361 ft) long. They are the main tool of sea transportation, bring crude oil and
goods throughout the world, in varied sizes of tankers, containers and bulk carriers.

Almost all countries in the world possess and operate merchant ships. Currently, the
Greek merchant fleet is the largest in the world representing more than 16% of the world's
aggregate tonnage.

An important component is the need to comply with increasingly stringent international

and local environmental regulations, for example those relating to emissions and ship-generated
waste. Ships make a huge variety of solid and liquid waste streams, including waste oil from the
engine rooms, black water, grey water, bilge water, dry waste, food and galley waste and others.
All the waste needs to be handled – initially onboard and later on shore. Waste handling in
compliance with the regulations must be made simple for the team by methods of clear
procedures for sorting the waste into part and easy to understand answers for lessening its
volume.
2.0 Type of Merchant Vessels

Merchant vessels can be categories into various classifications according to their size and
purpose. Merchant vessels is divided into 2 parts: Cargo ships and Passengers ships

2.1 Cargo Ships

All types of ships that carry goods and cargo from one port to another. A large number of
ships of this type along the seas and oceans each year - contains items of international trade.
Cargo ships are usually made for duty, equipped with cranes and made in a few sizes.

2.1.1 Bulk Carriers

As the name suggests, a bulk carrier is generally used in carrying unpackaged bulk cargo
items including grains, ores, cement and other similar cargo. They comprise half of the merchant
fleets in the world. They can be classified in six major categories based on their size. The
categories include Small, Handy size, Handy max, Panamax, Capesize and Very Large. Their
size can range from a small mini-bulker to big ships with a limit of 400,000 dead weight tonnage
(DWT). South Korea is the biggest manufacturer of bulk carriers in the world.

2.1.2 Container Ships

Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size containers, in a
technique called containerization. They make a facility of commercial intermodal freight
transport.

Container ships are sea vessels that carry goods in big containers, a technique called
containerization. They can be categories into a few classes according to their size. Main
categories of container ships include for example feeder, feedermax, Panamax, new Panamax,
and ultra large. They play a dominant role in international trade.
 2.1.3 Tankers

Tankers are used for bulk transporting of crude oil, finished petroleum products, liquefied
natural gas (LNG), chemicals, oils, fresh water, and other liquids. They play an important role in
international trade with a share of more than 33% of the world tonnage. Tankers come in various
sizes ranging from handy size tankers to ultra large crude carriers (ULCC) with a deadweight
tonnage ranging between 320,000 to 550,000.

2.1.4 LNG Carrier

LNG carrier is a tank ship designed for transporting liquefied natural gas (LNG). As the
LNG market grows rapidly, the fleet of LNG carriers continues to experience tremendous
development.

2.1.5 RORO Ships

Roll-on/roll-off (RORO Ships)) ships are vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo, for
example cars, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the
ship on their own wheels or using a platform vehicle, for example a self-propelled modular
transporter. This is different which lift-on/lift-off (LoLo) vessels, which use a crane to load and
unload cargo.

2.2 Passenger Ships

A passenger ship is a merchant ship whose primary function is to carry passengers on the
sea. The category does excludes cargo vessels which have facilities for limited numbers of
passengers, for example the ubiquitous twelve-passenger freighters once common on the seas in
which the transport of passengers is secondary to the carriage of cargo. The type does however
include many classes of ships designed to transport substantial numbers of passengers as well as
freight. Usually, almost of all ocean liners were able to transport mail, package, and other cargo
in addition to passenger luggage, and were device with cargo holds and derricks, or other cargo-
handling gear for that goal. Just in more recent ocean liners and in virtually all cruise ships has
this cargo capacity been eliminate.
2.2.1 Ferries

Ferries is a short distance transport ship. The ferry has an important role in the transport
system for many urban areas, making direct transit between the two destinations with smaller
cost than a bridge or a tunnel. Pedestrian ferry with many stops, for example in Venice, is once
in a while distinguished as the water transport or water taxi.

2.2.2 Cruise Ship

A cruise ship is a passenger ship used to cruise excursion. Passengers boarding a cruise to
enjoy the time and spent the time just on a boat equipped lodging facilities and equipment like a
five-star hotel. Most cruises have a shipping route that always return to the home port of
departure. Long cruise excursion can vary, ranging from a few days to about three months did
not return to the home port of departure. Cruise ship is different from an ocean vessel (ocean
liner) that perform regular shipping route in the open sea, sometimes across continents, and
deliver passengers from one point of origin to point of destination to another.

2.2.3 Ocean Liners

An ocean liner is a ship made to transport people from one seaport to another seaport
along regular long-distance maritime routes indicated by agenda. Usually, ocean liners conduct
regular shipping service in the open sea, sometimes across continents, and deliver passengers
from one point of origin to point of destination to another. During World War II, there are also
ocean liner is used to transport or evacuate a soldier, like Wilhelm Gustloff. Ocean liners also
can bring cargo or mail, and may sometimes be utilized for other purposes (e.g., for pleasure
cruises or as hospital ships).
3.0 Conclusion

A merchant ship is a vessel that is the transportation generally used for transporting cargo
and passengers during peace time. Therefore, these merchant ships are categories into cargo
ships and passenger ships. A Cargo ship is type of ship or vessel that can carries goods and
materials from one port to another. And the passenger ship is to carry passengers on the sea from
one port to another port also.

4.0 APA Reference

Marinebiztv. “Ships-merchant ships & classifications”.Youtube. 16 Dec. 2009. Web. 01 Apr

2017.

"Uson Marine." Uson Marine. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 01 2017.

"Merchant Vessels." Merchant Vessels. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 01 2017.