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3.28 The following represent activities in Marc Massoud's Construction Company project.
a) Draw the network to represent this situation.
b) Which activities are on the critical path?
c) What is the length of the critical path?
A - 1
B - 4
C A 1
D B 5
E B 2
F C,E 7
G D 2
H F,G 3
A C F H
S E
B D G
b) Critical Path
0 A 1 1 C 2 6 F 13 13 H 16
4 1 5 5 1 6 6 7 13 13 3 16
0 S 0 4 E 6
0 0 0 4 2 6
0 B 4 4 D 9 9 G 11
0 4 4 6 5 11 11 2 13
Immediate Time
Activity Predecessor (s) a m b
A - 2 5 8
B - 3 6 9
C A 4 7 10
D B 2 5 14
E C 3 3 3
2
t = a + 4m + b v = ((b-a) /6)
6
2
A = (2+4(5)+8)/6 = 5 v = ((8-2)/6) = 1
2
B = (3+4(6)+9)/6 = 6 v = ((9-3)/6) = 1
2
C = (4+4(7)+10)/6 = 7 v = ((10-4)/6) = 1
2
D = (2+4(5)+14)/6 = 6 v = ((14-2)/6) = 4
2
E = (3+4(3)+3)/6 = 3 v = ((3-3)/6) = 0
0 A 5 5 C 12 12 E 15
0 5 5 5 7 12 12 3 15
0 S 0
0 0 0
0 B 6 6 D 12
0 6 6 6 6 12
B) Project Variance
σ p1 = A + C + E = 1 + 1 + 0 = 2
σ p2 = B + D = 1 + 4 = 5
USE σ p1 = 2
3.30 Given the activities described by the following table:
Expected Standard
Activity Time Deviation Immediate
of Time Predecessor
Estimate
A 7 2 -
B 3 1 A
C 9 3 A
D 4 1 B, C
E 5 1 B, C
F 8 2 E
G 8 1 D, F
H 6 2 G
a) Solution
Activity on Node (AON)
B D G H
3 4 8 6
S A
0 7
C E F
9 5 8
C=9
E=5 F=8
4 6 7
b) Solution
7 B 10 16 D 20 29 G 37 37 H 43
13 3 16 25 4 29 29 8 37 37 6 43
0 S 0 0 A 7
0 0 0 0 7 7
7 C 16 16 E 21 21 F 29
7 9 16 16 5 21 21 8 29
CRITICAL PATH = A + C + E + F + G + H
Project Completion Time = 7 + 9 + 5 + 8 + 8 + 6 = 43
c) Solution
Project Standard Deviation
σp = √v
Expected Standard
Activity Time Deviation Immediate Variance
of Time Predecessor
Estimate
A 7 2 - 4
B 3 1 A 1
C 9 3 A 9
D 4 1 B, C 1
E 5 1 B, C 1
F 8 2 E 4
G 8 1 D, F 1
H 6 2 G 4
σp = √v = √ ## = 4.80
Calculate the probability of project completion, more than 49 time period to complete
Z = (Due date - Expected date of completion)/ σp = (49 - 43) / 4.8 = 1.25
From the Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution Table (Engineering Statistics page 709)
P(Z) = 0.89435 OR P(Z) = NORMSDIST(1.25) = 0.894350
P(49) = 1-0.89435 = 0.10565 = 10.57%
3.31 What is the minimum cost of crashing the following project by 4 days?
Crash Max
Normal Time Normal Crash Immediate Slope Crash
Activity Time (days) (days) Cost Cost Predecessor Time
A 6 5 900 1000 - 100 1
B 8 6 300 400 - 100 2
C 4 3 500 600 - 100 1
D 5 3 900 1200 A, B 300 2
E 8 5 1000 1600 C 600 3
a) Solution
0 A 6 8 D 13
2 6 8 8 5 13
0 S 0 0 B 8
0 0 8 8
0 C 4 4 E 12
0 4 4 4 8 12
Run 1 Run 2
0 A 6 7 D 12 0 A 6 6 D 11
1 6 7 7 5 12 0 6 6 6 5 11
0 S 0 0 B 7 0 S 0 0 B 6
0 0 7 7 0 0 6 6
0 C 4 4 E 12 0 C 3 3 E 11
0 4 4 4 8 12 0 3 3 3 8 11
Initially Run 3 Run 4
Activity Normal Crash Cost / Days Days
Duration Duration day TF Saved Dur TF Saved Dur TF
A 6 5 100 2 6 0 6
B 8 6 100 0 6 0 6
C 4 3 100 0 3 0 3
D 5 3 300 0 1 4 0 1 3
E 8 5 600 0 8 0 2 6
Cost - $300 $1,500
Savings - -
Project Cost $3,600 $4,200 $5,700
Project Duration 13 11 9
Run 3 Run 4
0 A 6 6 D 10 0 A 6 6 D 9
0 6 6 6 4 10 0 6 6 6 3 9
0 S 0 0 B 6 0 S 0 0 B 6
0 0 6 6 0 0 6 6
0 C 3 3 E 11 0 C 3 3 E 9
0 3 3 3 8 11 0 3 3 3 6 9
A 8 10 12 -
B 6 7 9 -
C 3 3 4 -
D 10 20 30 A
E 6 7 8 C
F 9 10 11 B, D, E
G 6 7 10 B, D, E
H 14 15 16 F
I 10 11 13 F
J 6 7 8 G, H
K 4 7 8 I, J
L 1 2 4 G, H
END
A D G J
Start B H K
C E F I
b) Expected time and variances
2
t = a + 4m + b v = ((b-a) /6)
6
Activity
2
A t = (8+4(10)+12)/6 v = ((12-8)/6)
= 10.0 = 0.44
2
B t = (6+4(7)+9)/6 v = ((9-6)/6)
= 7.2 = 0.25
2
C t = (3+4(3)+4)/6 v = ((4-3)/6)
= 3.2 = 0.03
2
D t = (10+4(20)+30)/6 v = ((30-10)/6)
= 20.0 = 11.11
2
E t = (6+4(7)+8)/6 v = ((8-6)/6)
= 7.0 = 0.11
2
F t = (9+4(10)+11)/6 v = ((11-9)/6)
= 10.0 = 0.11
2
G t = (6+4(7)+10)/6 v = ((10-6)/6)
7.3 = 0.44
2
H t = (14+4(15)+16)/6 v = ((16-14)/6)
15.0 = 0.11
2
I t = (10+4(11)+13)/6 v = ((13-10)/6)
11.2 = 0.25
2
J t = (6+4(7)+8)/6 v = ((8-6)/6)
7.0 = 0.11
2
K t = (4+4(7)+8)/6 v = ((8-4)/6)
6.7 = 0.44
2
L t = (1+4(2)+4)/6 v = ((4-1)/6)
2.2 = 0.25
c) ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity.
55 L 57
67 2 69
69 E 69
69 0 69
0 A 10 10 D 30 30 G 37 55 J 62
0 10 10 10 20 30 48 7 55 55 7 62
0 Start 0 0 B 7 40 H 55 62 K 69
0 0 0 23 7 30 40 15 55 62 7 69
0 C 3 3 E 10 30 F 40 40 I 51
20 3 23 23 7 30 30 10 40 51 11 62
55 L 57
67 2 69
69 E 69
69 0 69
0 A 10 10 D 30 30 G 37 55 J 62
0 10 10 10 20 30 48 7 55 55 7 62
0 Start 0 0 B 7 40 H 55 62 K 69
0 0 0 23 7 30 40 15 55 62 7 69
0 C 3 3 E 10 30 F 40 40 I 51
20 3 23 23 7 30 30 10 40 51 11 62
CRITICAL PATH = A + D + F + H + J + K
Project completion time = 10 + 20 + 10 + 15 + 7 + 6.7 = 68.7 days
e) Probability that the project will be finished in 70 days
Use the value with the greater variance, in this case its Path 1
Calculate the Project Standard deviation
σp = √v = √ 12.3200 = 3.51
Calculate the probability of the project will be finished in 70 days
Z = (Due date - Expected date of completion)/ σp = (70 - 68.7) / 3.51 = 0.37
From the Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution Table (Engineering Statistics page 709)
P(Z) = 0.64431 or 64.43%
OR
P(Z) = NORMSDIST(Z) = 0.64431
P(70) = 64.43%
From the Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution Table (Engineering Statistics page 709)
P(Z) = 0.99936 or 99.94%
OR
P(Z) = NORMSDIST(Z) = 0.99936
P(70) = 99.94%
From the Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution Table (Engineering Statistics page 709) out of range
P(Z) = 1 or 100.00%
OR
P(Z) = NORMSDIST(Z) = 1.00000
P(70) = 100.00%
3.33 Getting a degree from a college or university is a long and difficult task. Certain courses must be
completed before other courses may be taken. Develop a network diagram in which every activity is a
particular course that must be taken for a given degree program. The immediate predecessors will be
course prerequisites. Do not forget to include all university, college, and departmental course
requirements. Then try to group these courses into semesters or quarters for your particular school.
Which courses, if not taken in the proper sequence, could delay your graduation?
0 S 0 0 A 5 5 B 10 10 C 15 15 D 20 20 E 25 25 F 30
0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 10 10 5 15 15 5 20 20 5 25 25 5 30
20 G 25 30 H 35 35 I 40
25 5 30 30 5 35 35 5 40
40 J 45
40 5 45
3.34 The Katok Construction Company is involved in constructing municipal buildings and other structures
that are used primarily by city and state municipalities. This requires developing legal documents,
drafting feasibility studies, obtaining bond ratings, and so forth. Recently, Elena Katok was given a
request to submit a proposal for the construction of a municipal building. The first step is to develop
legal documents and to perform all necessary steps before the construction contract is signed.
This requires approximately 20 separate activities that must be completed. These activities, their
immediate predecessors, and time requirements are given in the table shown below. As you can see,
optimistic (a), most likely (m), and pessimistic (b) time estimates have been given for all of the activities
described in the table. Using these data, determine the total project completion time for this
preliminary step, the critical path, and slack time for all activities involved.
Time Required
Activity (Weeks) Description Immediate
a m b Predecessor
1 1 4 5 Drafting legal documents -
2 2 3 4 Preparation of financial statements -
3 3 4 5 Draft of history -
4 7 8 9 Draft demand portion of feasibility study -
5 4 4 5 Review and approval of legal documents 1
6 1 2 4 Review and approval of history 3
7 4 5 6 Review feasibility study 4
8 1 2 4 Draft final financial portion of feasibility study 7
9 3 4 4 Draft facts relevant to the bond transaction 5
10 1 1 2 Review and approval of financial statements 2
11 18 20 26 Firm price received of project -
12 1 2 3 Review and completion of financial portion of feasibility study 8
13 1 1 2 Draft statement completed 6,9,10, 11,12
14 0.1 0.14 0.16 All materials sent to bond rating services 13
15 0.2 0.3 0.4 Statement printed and distributed to all interested parties 14
16 1 1 2 Presentation to bond rating services 14
17 1 2 3 Bond rating received 16
18 3 5 7 Marketing of bonds 15, 17
19 0.1 0.1 0.2 Purchase contracts executed 18
20 0.1 0.14 0.16 Final statement authorized and completed 19
21 2 3 6 Purchase contract 19
22 0.1 0.1 0.2 Bond proceeds available 20
23 0 0.2 0.2 Sign construction contract 21, 22
a) Solution
Expected time for each activity
t = a + 4m + b
6
1 = (1 + (4 x 4) + 5) / 6 = 3.6667 = 3.7
2 = (2 + (4 x 3) + 4) / 6 = 3 = 3.0
3 = (3 + (4 x 4) + 5) / 6 = 4 = 4.0
4 = (7 + (4 x 8) + 9) / 6 = 8 = 8.0
5 = (4 + (4 x 4) + 5) / 6 = 4.1667 = 4.2
6 = (1 + (4 x 2) + 4) / 6 = 2.1667 = 2.2
7 = (4 + (4 x 5) + 6) / 6 = 5 = 5.0
8 = (1 + (4 x 2) + 4) / 6 = 2.1667 = 2.2
9 = (3 + (4 x 4) + 4) / 6 = 3.8333 = 3.8
10 = (1 + (4 x 1) + 2) / 6 = 1.1667 = 1.2
11 = (18 + (4 x 20) + 26) / 6 = 20.667 = 20.7
12 = (1 + (4 x 2) + 3) / 6 = 2 = 2.0
13 = (1 + (4 x 1) + 2) / 6 = 1.1667 = 1.2
14 = (0.1 + (4 x 0.1) + 0.2) / 6 = 0.1367 = 0.1
15 = (0.2 + (4 x 0.3) + 0.4) / 6 = 0.3 = 0.3
16 = (1 + (4 x 1) + 2) / 6 = 1.1667 = 1.2
17 = (1 + (4 x 2) + 3) / 6 = 2 = 2.0
18 = (3 + (4 x 5) + 7) / 6 = 5 = 5.0
19 = (0.1 + (4 x 0.1) + 0.2) / 6 = 0.1167 = 0.1
20 = (0.1 + (4 x 0.1) + 0.2) / 6 = 0.1367 = 0.1
21 = (2 + (4 x 3) + 6) / 6 = 3.3333 = 3.3
22 = (0.1 + (4 x 0.1) + 0.2) / 6 = 0.1167 = 0.1
23 = (0.0 + (4 x 0.2) + 0.2) / 6 = 0.1667 = 0.2
30.4 22 30.5
33.5 0.1 33.6
0 1 3.7 3.7 5 7.9 7.9 9 11.7 0 11 20.7 22 16 23.2 23.2 17 25.2 30.3 20 30.4
9 3.7 12.7 12.7 4.2 16.9 16.9 3.8 20.7 0 20.7 20.7 22 1.2 23.2 23.2 2 25.2 33.4 0.1 33.5
33.6 23 33.8
33.6 0.2 33.8