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INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

SPECIAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER I, 2008/2009 SESSION
KULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING

Programme : Engineering Level of Study : UG2

Time : Date : 7th November 2008


Duration : 3 hours

Course Code : MEC 2910/2103 Section(s) :- 1-6

Course Title : Fluid Mechanics

This Question Paper Consists of Three (3) Printed Pages (Including Cover Page) With six
(6) Questions.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

DO NOT OPEN UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

• Attempt ALL QUESTIONS in Section A and ONLY TWO QUESTIONS in Section B.


• Marks for each question are stated beside it
• Answers should be clear and intelligible.
• Justify your answer with simplification of intermediate steps for full marks.
• Table of some useful equations and Moody Chart are attached to this Question paper.

Any form of cheating or attempt to cheat is a serious


offence which may lead to dismissal.
Fluid Mechanics MEC 2910/ MEC 2103

Part A: Answer all three (3) questions


Total marks for this part = [60 marks]

Q1. [20 marks]

(a) Define stress, normal stress, shear stress, and pressure. (3 marks)

(b) Consider two identical fans, one at sea level and the other on top of a high mountain,
running at identical speeds. How would you compare (a) the volume flow rates and (b)
the mass flow rates of these two fans? (2 marks)

(c) Determine the elevation difference Δh, between the water levels in the two open tanks
shown in Fig. Q1-c. (15 marks)

Fig.Q 1-c
Q2. [20 marks]

(a) What are the three major assumptions used in the derivation of the Bernoulli equation?
(2 marks)

(b) Define static, dynamic, and hydrostatic pressure. Under what conditions is their sum
constant for a flow stream? (3 marks)

(c) Consider the following steady, two-dimensional, incompressible velocity field:


r r r
V = (u , v) = (− ax 2 )i + (2axy ) j
where a is a constant. Using Navier-Stocks equation, calculate the pressure as a
function of x and y. (15 marks)

Q3. [20 marks]

(a) The drag of an airfoil at zero angle attack is a function of density, viscosity and
velocity, in addition to a length parameter. A (1/10)-scale model of an airfoil was tested
in a wind tunnel at Reynolds number of 5.5 x 106, based on chord length. Test
conditions in the wind tunnel air stream were 15 °C and 10 atmospheres absolute
pressure (μ at these conditions is 1.79x10-5 N.s./m2). The prototype airfoil has a chord
length of 2 m, and it is to be flown in air at standard conditions. Determine the speed at
which the wind tunnel model was tested, and the corresponding prototype speed.
(10 marks)

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Fluid Mechanics MEC 2910/ MEC 2103

(b) Water flows through a 2-in.-diameter pipe with a velocity of 15 ft/s as shown in Fig. Q
3-b. The relative roughness of the pipe is 0.004, and the loss coefficient (KL) for the
pipe-tank connection is 1.0. Determine the height, h, to which the water rises in the
piezometer tube. (10 marks)

Fig.Q 3-b

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Fluid Mechanics MEC 2910/ MEC 2103

Part B: Answer two (2) questions only


Total marks for this part = [40 marks]

Q4. [20 marks]

(a) Experiments show that the pressure drop for flow through an orifice plate of diameter
“d” mounted in a length of pipe of diameter D may be expressed as Δp = p1 - p2 = f (ρ,
μ, V, d, D). You are asked to organize some experimental data. Obtain the resulting
dimensionless parameters. (10 marks)

(b) Consider the following steady, 2-D incompressible velocity field:


r r r
V = (u, v) = (ax + b)i + (−ay + cx) j . Is this flow field irrotational? If so, generate an
expression for the velocity potential function. (10 marks)

Q5. [20 marks]

(a) Is momentum a vector? If so, in what direction does it point? (2 marks)

(b) Consider two rigid bodies having the same mass and angular speed. Do you think these
two bodies must have the same angular momentum? Explain. (2 marks)

(c) Consider steady, incompressible, two-dimensional flow through a converging duct (Fig.
r r r
Q 5-c). A simple approximate velocity field for this flow is V = (u , v ) = (U 0 + bx )i − byj
where U0 is the horizontal speed at x = 0. Note that this equation ignores viscous
effects along the walls but is a reasonable approximation throughout the majority of the
flow field. Calculate the material acceleration for fluid particles passing through this
duct. Give your answer in two ways: (1) as acceleration components ax and ay and (2)
r
as acceleration vector a . (16 marks)

Fig. Q 5-c

Q6. [20 marks]

(a) For each statement, choose whether the statement is true or false, and discuss your
answer briefly.
i. The velocity potential function can be defined for three dimensional flows.
ii. The vorticity must be zero in order for the stream function to be defined.
iii. The vorticity must be zero in order for the velocity potential function to be
defined.
iv. The stream function can be defined only for two-dimensional flow fields.
(4 marks)

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Fluid Mechanics MEC 2910/ MEC 2103

(b) Consider fully developed Couette flow- flow between two infinite parallel plates
separated by distance h, with the top plate moving and the bottom plate stationary as
illustrated in Fig. Q 6-b. The flow is steady, incompressible, and two dimensional in
r r r
the xy-plane. The velocity field is given by V = (u, v) = (Vy / h)i + 0 j . Generate an
expression for stream function Ψ along the vertical dashed line in Fig. Q 6-b. For
convenience, let Ψ = 0 along the bottom wall of the channel. What is the value of Ψ
along the top wall? (16 marks)

Fig. Q 6-b

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