Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
JANTUNG
Rahmatina B. Herman
Bagian Fisiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran - Unand
Anatomy - Physiology of Heart
Two separate parts: left and right
Respectively:
- left atrium and ventricle
- right atrium and ventricle
Atrial function: primary pumps for ventricular
Ventricular function: pumping blood to all parts of
body and to the lungs
Ventricles pump more powerful than the atria
Atria contract prior to ventricles
Structure of the heart, and course of blood flow through the heart
chambers and heart valves.
Anatomy – Physiology of Cardiac Muscles
Myocardium:
- Atrial muscles
- Ventricular muscles
- Specialized excitatory and conductive system
of the heart
Involuntary muscles
Similar manner to skeletal muscle contraction
Syncytium
Specialized excitatory and conductive system of the heart
Structure of Cardiac Muscle Fibers
Sarcolemma
Myofibril
Filaments: - Actin
- Myosin
Sarcoplasma
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Structure of Cardiac Muscle Fibers…..
Structure of Cardiac Muscle Fibers…..
Intercalate Disc
Polarization
Depolarization: - Plateau
- Rhythmicity
Repolarization
Conductivity
Refractory period
Electrical Activity of Cardiac Muscle Fibers…..
Electrical Activity of Cardiac Muscle Fibers…..
Electrical Activity of Cardiac Muscle Fibers…..
Electrical Activity of Cardiac Muscle Fibers…..
Causes of Plateau
1. Action potential in cardiac muscle is caused by
opening of two types of channels:
- fast sodium channels as those in skeletal muscle
- calcium-sodium channels
slower to open remain open for several tenths of a
second → quantity of both Ca++ and Na+ flows into
cardiac muscle fiber → prolonged period of
depolarization → plateau in action potential
Ca++ that enter during plateau phase activate the
muscle contractile process, derived from the
intracellular sarcoplasmic reticulum
Causes of Plateau…..
2. Decreased of permeability of cardiac muscle membrane
for K+ ± 5 times, that does not occur in skeletal muscle
- May result from the excess Ca++ influx
- Decreased K+ permeability → greatly decreases the
outflux of K+ during action potential plateau →
prevents early return to resting level
When slow Ca – Na channels close at the end of 0.2 to
0.3 second and the influx of Ca++ and Na+ ceases,
membrane permeability for K+ also increases rapidly →
rapid loss of K+ from the fiber → immediately returns the
membrane potential to its resting level → ending action
potential
Rhythmicity of Cardiac Action Potential
Specialized excitatory and conductive system of heart have
capability of self-excitation
Basically, due to inherent leakiness of sinus nodal fibers to
Na+ and Ca++
Why does this leakiness not cause sinus nodal fibers to
remain depolarized all the time?
1. Na-Ca channels become inactivated within ± 100 to 150
msec after opening → influx of Na+ and Ca++ ceases
2. At about the same time, greatly increased numbers of K
channels open →i large quantities of K+ diffuse out
Both of these → reduce intracellular potential back to its
resting level → terminate the action potential
Rhythmicity of Cardiac Action Potential…..