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© 2015 IJSRSET | Volume 1 | Issue 6 | Print ISSN : 2395-1990 | Online ISSN : 2394-4099

Themed Section: Engineering and Technology

Effect of fault location on transient stability


Bhavik R Prajapati*1, Sagar G Ramanuj*2, Jay M Patel*3, Anish A Rana*4, Tabrejalam S Ansari*5,
*1Assist. Professor, Electrical Department Sigma Institute of Engineering, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Bhavik.el.engg@sigma.ac.in
*2Electrical Department, Sigma Institute of Engineering, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Sagarramanuj6705@gmail.com
*3
Electrical Department, Sigma Institute of Engineering, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
pjaymp@gmail.com
*4
Electrical Department, Sigma Institute of Engineering, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Aenishrana35@gmail.com
*5
Electrical Department, Sigma Institute of Engineering, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Ansaritabrej273@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper shows an analysis of the effect of three phase to ground fault on the transient stability for the
enhancement of power system using ETAP software, Transient stability is an important aspect in designing and
upgrading electric power system after major failures cause by power system instability. The goal of transient
stability analysis of power system is to analyze the stability of a power system in a time domain of a few seconds to
few minutes using ETAP software.

Keywords: Transient stability Analysis, Time domain method, Fault location, Etap Software.

IJSRSETXXX | Received: XX June 2015 | Accepted: XX June 2015 | May-June 2015 [(1)2: XX-XX] 1
I. INTRODUCTION change in load, loss of have been also used for relative rotor angles
generator unit, change in transient stability analysis threshold is nominated in
Successful operation of a transmission line and classify as training practical for forming the
power system depends on parameter, switching and system models. In these transient stability criteria.
the engineer’s ability to various faults etc. methods, the training sets For power system to be
provide reliable and are formed base on offline transiently stable, the
uninterrupted service to the II. METHODS OF studies to form the pattern maximum relative rotor
loads. Power system ANALYSIS vector. Then the classifier angles of all generators are
stability is the ability of an needed to be designed for to be less than the transient
electric power system, for a A variety of transient subsequent use in making stability threshold. If this
given initial operating stability assessment decision online. Artificial angles are bounded, the
Condition, to regain a state methods have been neural networks have system is stable otherwise
of operating equilibrium classified into main three advantages over the unstable.
after being subjected to a groups traditional classifier as,
physical Disturbance, with after training ANN’s have 2) Direct Method:
most of the system A) Heuristic capability of generalizing. As time domain simulation
variables bounded so that B) Training based System methods were
practically the entire C) Digital Simulation C. Digital Simulation computationally expensive,
system remains intact. Method: Artificial neural some efforts were taken to
networks and pattern assess the power systems
The disturbances recognition have been also transient stability directly,
mentioned in the definition used for transient stability and without solving DAEs
could be faults, load analysis and classify as of power system. The first
changes, generator outages, training system models. In direct method which was
line outages, voltage these methods, the training used in power system
collapse or some sets are formed base on transient stability was the
combination of these. offline studies to form the equal area criteria (EAC)
Power system stability can pattern vector. Then the for single machine infinite
be broadly classified into classifier needed to be bus(SMIB).the method is
rotor angle, voltage and designed for subsequent able to find the critical
frequency stability. Each of use in making decision clearing time without the
these three stabilities can online. Artificial neural solving the system DAEs.
A. Heuristic Method:
be further classified into networks have advantages Lynapunav’s method was
Heuristic or expert
large disturbance or small over the traditional adopted in the power
methods use the concept of
disturbance, short term or classifier as, after training systems multi machine
artificial intelligence. In
long term. ANN’s have capability of transient stability for first
this approach, engineering
generalizing. time[6] .the application of
knowledge is encoded into
Transient stability is part Lynapunav’s method to
the sets of rules in a
of rotor angle stability. If 1) Time Domain Solution power system is called
program. The program
the magnitude of Method: transient energy
itself then forms two cores:
disturbance is very large In this method the initial function(TEF).these
the database and decision
dynamics of rotating system state is obtained methods compare the
rules. a large number
machine affected more from the pre-fault system. energy of the system when
offline studies are required
hence dynamic equation of This is starting point used the fault is cleared to the
for a range of power
rotating machine including for integration of fault on critical energy value of the
system operating points
that automatic voltage dynamic equation. After system. if the system
and disturbances to form
regulator, exciter, prime the fault is cleared, the post energy at fault clearing
the required database.
mover and generator will fault dynamic equations are time, is less the critical
appear in mathematical numerically integrated. The energy value, the system
B. Training Based System:
calculation of stability machine angle may be will be stable following
Artificial neural networks
analysis. Example of large plotted versus time and disturbance however there
and pattern recognition
disturbance like sudden analyzed. A maximum are number of
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (ijsrset.com) 4
disadvantages in this Parameters given here solution progresses, if Transient Stability Result:
methods. In practice it’s are in per unit (p.u) voltage at load bus find out
require to simplify power format on 100MVA of limits then
system model deriving the base. There are four corresponding adjustment
energy function. It is transformers connected are made to bring their
difficult, if not impossible in the system; in which voltage back in range. At
end of solution process
either solution has
converged or the number
of allowed iteration has
been exceeded a solved
load flow case is require to
set the operating condition
used to initialized for
transient stability analysis.
Fig.2 Plots of swing curve
Fig.1shows Load flow plot of gen.-2 during fault at bus-9
in ETAP software which
will indicate Active power,
Reactive power flow in The fault occurs on Bus 9
very close to bus 7 and far
transmission line and Bus
Away from the generating
voltages. stations.
to include the detailed one is three-winding
dynamic model of and others are two
generators load and winding transformers.
FACTS devices in
derivation of the transient
energy function.
Furthermore, it is not
straight forward to
determine threshold value B. Transient Stability
of the energy function for Analysis
defining stability margin. Transient stability
IV. SIMULATIO of a power system is its
N ability to maintain
synchronous operation of
III. IEEE 14 BUS CASE the machines when Fig.3 Plots of swing curve of
A. Load flow Analysis
STUDY subjected to a large gen.-2 during fault at bus-7
First in transient stability disturbance. The
analysis a load flow study occurrence of such a
In the Machine 14 Bus The fault occurs on Bus7
is performed to obtain a set disturbance may result in
systems is taken as case very close to bus 9 and far
of feasible steady state large excursions of the
study which is shown in Away from the generating
system conditions to be system machine rotor
Figure. Bus-1 and bus-2 stations
used as initial conditions. angles and, whenever
are generator buses
In ETAP software corrective actions fail, loss
which are rated 69kv Discussion of the effect of
simulation system bus of synchronism results
with 100MVA base, fault location
voltage magnitude and among machines.
Synchronous
angle (unknown variable) Generally, the loss of
Compensators are There are many factors
by solving the nonlinear synchronism develops in
connected at buses 3 affecting the critical
algebraic network equation very few seconds after the
and 8. Load is clearing time. Here, the
using fast decoupled disturbance inception.
connected to all bus effect distance between the
method so that specified Transient stability is the
except bus-1,7and 8. fault location and the
load are supplied. As fastest to develop.
Generating stations is
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (ijsrset.com) 4
studied. Two fault locations Technologies”
for the same values of the SanFrancisco,Nov
damping and inertia 1995,p166-171
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One of the faults is on bus- Custem and Ribbens,“An
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is connected to generator-2 frame work for online
Transient stability
assessment power
system”,1984,4,(2),p.789-
800
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USION Padiyar ”Transient stability
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analysis of 14 bus we can neural networks”proc.IEEE
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and P.P. Varaiya
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quality products Mobile &
portable power emerging

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