A Study On Proximate Composition of Selected Three Fresh Water Fishes (Labeo Rohita, District

International journal of basic and applied research
www.pragatipublication.com
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86
A study on proximate composition of selected three fresh water fishes (Labeo Rohita,
Channa Striata and Mastacembelus Armatus) of Tammileru reservoir, West Godavari
district
Praveen Dathu, R1., Rushinadha, R.K2., Krishna, P1., Durga Prasad, D1., Sreeramulu, K1.
1. Department of Zoology, Andhra University, A.U. P. O., Visakhapatnam - 530 003, Andhra Pradesh,
India.
2. ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Ocean-view layout, Pandurangapuram, A.U. P. O.,
Visakhapatnam - 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Abstract
Monthly and seasonal variations of proximate composition of selected three fresh water
fishes viz., Labeo rohita, Channa striata and Mastacembelus armatus were determined the data using
standard methods since March 2016 to February 2018, collected from Tammileru reservoir, west
Godavari district. The overall mean values of moisture, protein, fat and ash of three fish species were
recorded as 77.34± 0.82; 18.48 ±0.41; 1.84 ±0.33 and 2.21± 0.19 of Labeo rohita, whereas in Channa
striata, the results were as 78.25± 0.68; 18.80± 0.54; 0.84 ±0.06 and 2.21± 0.10; while in M. armatus,
the values found as 74.50 ±1.51; 21.77 ±1.09; 1.81± 0.34 and 2.05 ±0.48 respectively. The data showed
that these species of fishes are rich in crude protein, lipid, moisture and ash and meet the
requirement for human nutritional needs.
Keywords: Channa striata, Labeo rohita, Mastacembelus armatus, Tammileru reservoir
Introduction
The demand of world’s aquatic source of foods is on the rise not only because of its
growing population and also due to the preference for healthier and hygienic foods for human beings
(Abimorad and Carneiro, 2007). Over 800 million people in the universe were chronically
malnourished as per the statistics of United Nations. Of this, one fourth was children under the age of
five, who suffered from acute or chronic protein energy malnutrition (PEM). Even though in the past
three decades, the production of foods has augmented at a greater rate than the population but this
fact grasp true only for the developed countries. The irony in the developing world remains that only
one out of five people may arrange enough food to meet their daily needs. To ensure food security for
650 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June
Index in Cosmos
July 2018 Volume 8 Number 7
UGC approved journal
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
everyone, it is necessary to create alter in the way people think about the food system, because food
security for everyone can only be achieved by enhancing global food production in terms of proteins.
This will also help to overcome the problem of protein malnutrition. To make sure nutritional security,
the availability of increased divers types of foods of animal origin such as meat, milk and fish as well
cereals are indispensable.
Fish acts as a crucial role in the commercial development of a nation as it is directly

linked to socio-economic status of local fisher man and women. A fishery species, especially finfish
afford a major source of essential nutrients such as proteins, minerals, vitamins and fats which help in
the upholding of life to humans (Rao et al., 2016). Fish is always in news as it is asserted to be most
nutritious and healthy food as well as being linked to escalating number of food borne outbreaks
across the universe (Rani et al., 2016). As the demand for fish is continuously mounting, the required
nutritious protein making available to the existing population is a challenge (Ramesh et al., 2016). The
modern day human is interested in taking fishes more in view of its superiority of nutritional foods
than all other sources of food accessible (Rushinadha and Sreedhar, 2017). The changing biological
and environmental conditions are a useful implement to the ecologists as they necessitate information
on meat composition to help create or maintain dam water atmosphere conducive for rearing quality
fish (Annapurna et al., 2018).
Freshwater fish contain higher levels of C18 PUFA and lower levels of n-3 EPA and DHA
than marine fish. However, there are indications that freshwater fish have a capacity to stretch and
desaturate shorter fatty acids, converting them into EPA and DHA. Thus, foods of lower nutritional
value can be transformed into foods of higher nutritional value (Henderson & Tocher, 1987; Moreira et
al., 2001). The presence of high biological value proteins, minerals, vitamins and unsaturated fatty
acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), characterizes fish muscle as a potentially
healthy food (Sidhu, 2003). Fish species, gender, feeding type, and environmental factors influence
the fish muscle composition (Tocher, 2003).
Biochemical studies of fish tissue are of considerable interest for their specificity in
relation to the food values of the fish and for the evaluation of their physiological needs at different
periods of life. It is also necessary to have the data on the composition of fish in order to make the
best use of it as food and also to develop the technology of processing fish and fish products.
Generally changes in chemical composition of body have been known to reflect storage or depletion
of energy reserves. The values of body composition in fishes vary considerably within and between
species, with fish size, sexual condition, feeding, time of the year and activity (Weatherly and gill,
1987). Food composition, environment and genetic trait are also known to influence chemical
composition of fish (Oni et al., 1983).

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Tammileru is a medium river which forms boundary between Krishna district and West
Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh state. It is the area which is often affected by floods. The river
drains into Kolleru Lake. Tammileru River passes through the town. Eastern branch of the river
borders the entire region while the western branch flows through the west of the town. Besides
Tammileru River, the Krishna and Godavari Canals also passes through and Krishna – Eluru canal and
the Tammileru River join together at the border of Eluru in a village called Malkapuram (Palagudem)
on their way to Kolleru Lake. Moreover, data about muscle composition parameters of this freshwater
species are scarce. Thus, this research aims to determinate the proximate composition of the selected
three main fresh water fishes viz., Labeo rohita, Channa striata and Mastacembelus armatus were
collected from the Tammileru reservoir, west Godavari district.
Material and methods
The current study selected three fresh water fish species viz., Labeo rohita, Channa striata and
Mastacembelus armatus were collected from Tammileru reservoir which is located at the West
Godavari District, since March 2016 to February 2018. A total of 5 samples from similar sizes were
collected and their length and weight was determined. Sex was determined by visual inspection of
the gonad morphology (Shimose et al; 2009).
The sample was placed individually in a moisture dish to dried the sample in a hot air oven
set at 150˚C until constant weights were obtained which has determined by the standard AOAC
method (AOAC, 2000). Micro Kjeldahl method used to determine the protein content of fish. This
process involves in the conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonium sulphate by digestion of flesh
with concentrated sulphuric acid in a micro kjeldahl flask. Dried samples left after the determination
of moisture content were finely grinded and the lipid was extracted with chloroform and methanol
mixture (AOAC, 2000). The residual sample left after the ashing in a muffle furnace at about 550-
600°C till it was become white is nothing ash content (AOAC, 2000).
Results
The monthly variations and seasonal variations of proximate chemical composition which
were moisture, protein, fat and ash of the muscle part of three given fish species viz., Labeo rohita,
Channa striata and Mastacembelus armatus were recorded since March 2016 to February 2018,
collected from Tammileru reservoir, west Godavari district. It was observed that the proportions of
the components of the edible parts varied in seasonal environmental changes.

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Moisture
The progression of moisture content throughout the year in a monthly wise accumulated
more in the month of October (79.57 ± 0.91) followed by November (78.93 ± 1.26) and September
(78.44 ± 0.86) of Labeo rohita, whereas in Channa striata had more amount of moisture found in the
month of February (79.51 ± 0.37) followed by March (79.12 ± 1.32) and September (79.12 ± 1.29),
while in the species of M. armatus, moisture was found more in the month of July (75.83 ± 1.15)
followed by august (75.32 ± 1.26) and June (75.19 ± 1.95) respectively (table 1). In seasonal wise
accumulation of moisture percentage, the abundance of moisture percentage found in monsoon
(78.08±0.71) followed by post-monsoon (78.00±1.35) and pre-monsoon (75.93±0.39) of Labeo rohita,
whereas in Channa striata and M. armatus, the order of magnitude of seasonal variation was
accumulated as Monsoon> Pre-Monsoon> Post-monsoon which has represented in figure 1a. In
overall mean values of moisture percentage found more in Channa striata (78.25± 0.68) followed by
Labeo rohita (77.34± 0.82) and M. armatus (74.50 ±1.51) which has shown in table 5. A positive
correlation and significant values were observed in the moisture values of the selected three fish
species among the seasons during the study period.
Protein
The percentage of protein content was found more in the month of September (19.53 ±
0.53) followed by June (19.47 ± 0.05) and May (19.21 ± 0.09) in the species of Labeo rohita, whereas in
the species of Channa striata, the highest values of protein content was found in the month of June
(20.43 ± 0.26) and the lowest values of protein content found in the month of December (17.13 ± 0.43),
the overall mean values of protein content in the Channa striata species was 18.80± 0.54 (table 5). The
M. armatus fish species of protein content observed more in the month of December (23.58 ± 1.36)
followed by November (22.43 ± 1.29) and September (22.43 ± 1.29) which were represented in table
2. A seasonal variation of protein percentage of the selected given three species as Labeo rohita has
the abundant of protein percentage found in Pre-Monsoon (18.92 ± 0.07) followed by Monsoon
(18.49 ± 0.33) and Post-monsoon (18.04 ± 0.82), whereas the highest values of protein percentage
found in Pre-Monsoon (20.18 ± 0.81) followed by Post-monsoon (18.14 ± 0.38) and Monsoon (18.09
± 0.43) in the species of Channa striata, while in M. armatus, the order of protein magnitude found as
Post-monsoon> Monsoon> Pre-Monsoon (figure 1b) respectively. Significant values were observed in
monthly wise and seasonal wise accumulation but not in species wise accumulation (r2 = 0.99; p =
0.004).

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
FAT
In the current study, the fat percentage accumulation found in the selected three fish
species viz., Labeo rohita, Channa striata and Mastacembelus armatus in monthly wise and seasonal
wise observation with comparison of regression and correlation values. In Labeo rohita, more amount
of fat was found in the month of July (2.83 ± 0.15) followed by February (2.55 ± 0.72) and June (2.55 ±
0.72), whereas in Channa striata, the fat percentage observed highest values in the month of January
(1.23 ± 0.15) followed by September (1.14 ± 0.05) and December (1.08 ± 0.11), while in the fish
species of M. armatus, the abundant values of fat was observed in the month of May (2.98 ± 0.18)
followed by April (2.83 ± 0.09) and November (2.43 ± 0.91) which was represented in table 3 and
figure 6a. A seasonal variation of fat accumulation in the given three fish species were shown in figure
2a. The highest values of fat was found in Post-monsoon (1.94 ± 0.44) followed by Pre-Monsoon (1.85
± 0.22) and Monsoon (1.73 ± 0.35) in the species of Labeo rohita, whereas in Channa striata, the fat
percentage abundance accumulated in Monsoon (1.00 ± 0.05) season followed by Post-monsoon (0.89
± 0.09) season and Pre-Monsoon (0.63 ± 0.05) season, while in the species of M. armatus, more values
of fat percentage found in Pre-Monsoon (2.37 ± 0.10) season followed by Post-monsoon (1.80 ± 0.55)
season and Monsoon (1.25 ± 0.36) season. The overall mean values of fat content was represented in
table 5 and the order of fat magnification in species wise were as Labeo rohita> M. armatus> Channa
striata respectively.
ASH
The ash content of the present study in the selected three fish species viz., Labeo rohita,
Channa striata and Mastacembelus armatus were shown seasonal wise and monthly wise as well as in
magnification of species. The highest values of ash content found in the month of July (2.96 ± 0.47)
followed by June (2.87 ± 0.06) and May (2.86 ± 0.05) in the Labeo rohita species, whereas more
amount of ash percentage were found in the month of December (3.86 ± 0.21) followed by November
(3.59 ± 0.09) and February (2.78 ± 0.12) in the species of Channa striata, while M. armatus has more
ash percentage observed in the month of October (2.84 ± 0.69) followed by April (2.81 ± 0.19) and
March (2.46 ± 0.23) which were represented in table 4, whereas Labeo rohita accumulated more in
Pre-Monsoon (2.66 ± 0.11) season followed by Monsoon (2.01 ± 0.29) and Post-monsoon (1.96 ± 0.19),
while Channa striata species found more in Post-monsoon (3.19 ± 0.15) season followed by Monsoon
(2.26 ± 0.07) season and Pre-Monsoon (1.18 ± 0.09) season and the ash percentage of M. armatus had
found more in Pre-Monsoon (2.41 ± 0.51) season followed by Post-monsoon (1.94 ± 0.46) season and
monsoon (1.80 ± 0.48) season (figure 2b). The overall magnification of ash percentage was as M.
armatus> Channa striata> Labeo rohita (table 5) respectively.

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Table 5: Overall mean values of proximate composition (%)

Labeo rohita Channa striata M. armatus
Moisture 77.34± 0.82 78.25± 0.68 74.50 ±1.51
Protein 18.48 ±0.41 18.80± 0.54 21.77 ±1.09
Fat 1.84 ±0.33 0.84 ±0.06 1.81± 0.34
Ash 2.21± 0.19 2.21± 0.10 2.05 ±0.48
Discussion
The knowledge of proximate chemical composition of any edible part of the organism is
tremendously significant since the nutritional value is reflected on its content biochemical
composition. The principal constituents of fish and mammals are the same for biochemical
composition. In general, the proximate chemical composition of the whole body indicates the quality
of fishes. The principle components are moisture (66 – 84%), protein (15 – 24%), fat (0.1 – 22%), ash
(0.8 – 2%) and carbohydrates in very minute quantity (0.3%) at maximum level in fishes (Jacquot,
1961). According to Nair and Suseela (2000), the biochemical composition of Indian fishes ranges
between 65 – 90% moisture; 10 – 22% protein, 01 – 20% fat and 0.5–05% minerals. In the current
study, the values of moisture percentage were accumulated in between 75.19 ± 0.26 and 79.57 ± 0.91
of Labeo rohita; 76.19 ± 0.31 and 79.51 ± 0.37 of Channa striata and 72.19 ± 1.51 and 75.83 ± 1.15 of M.
armatus were quite similar with the results obtained from other fresh water fishes such as
Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, Sarotherodon and Heterotis niloticus with values 75% and
79% respectively (Fawole et al., 2007). The results also agreed with the values obtained for
freshwater species on the comparative study of body composition of different fish species from
brackish water pond and fillets of various fish species (Kor, 1995; Ali et al., 2005). Generally moisture
content shows inverse relationship with protein and lipid content (figure 3a, 3b; 4). These findings
also agreed with observation of Marias and Erasmus (1977) in several freshwater fish species. Usually
moisture and lipid contents in fish fillets are inversely related and their sum is approximately 80%
(FAO, 1999). Hanna (1984) reported that generally there was an increase in fat and less water content
in flesh with increasing size (i.e., increasing age) in Variola louti.
An inverse relationship was found between the fat and moisture contents in this study,
which is already reported for other fish species (Kolakowska et al., 2000; Özyurt et al., 2006). The
inverse relationship has also been reported in marine fishes such as Mugil cephalus (Das, 1978); Sarda
sarda (Zaboukas, 2006) and freshwater fishes Mystus seenghala (Jafri, 1968) and Ophicephalus
punctatus (Jafri and Khawaja, 1968). The present study correlation and regression (0.99) values and
significant (0.004) values of the percentage of protein observed within the species and but not
between the species. Similar observation was also reported by in different fish species in Brackish

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
water pond (Ali et al., 2005), Glossogobius giuris (Islam and Joadder, 2005), in small indigenous fish
species of Bangladesh (Mazumdar et al., 2008), and in some fish species from black sea (Borane and
Karacam, 2011). The values of fat percentage was accumulated from 0.83 ± 0.13 to 2.83 ± 0.15 of
Labeo rohita, 0.49 ± 0.05 to 1.23 ± 0.15 of Channa striata and 1.05 ± 0.29 to 2.98 ± 0.18 of M. armatus
respectively. This study values of fat percentage found in lean and low fat category. According to
Stansby (1962), Salam et al, (1995) and Jacquot, (1961), variation in proximate composition of the fish
muscle part of edible part may vary with species variation, season, age and the feeding habit of fish.
The values obtained in the present study were comparable to the reported for marine Raja clavata,
(1.38±0.0%) (Turan et al., 2007).
Conclusion
This study can be suggested that proximate chemical composition like moisture, protein,
fat and ash percentage to be considered in making choice for marketing and consumption of fishes.
The result obtained in this study has provided scientific information and detailed knowledge of the
biochemical composition of the selected three important commercial fish species viz., Labeo rohita,
Channa striata and Mastacembelus armatus, were collected from the Tammileru reservoir, west
Godavari district. This study also represented the data on distributional patterns of biochemical
composition in monthly wise and seasonal wise in the selected three fishes and attempted to establish
the baseline information. All the fish species were found to have in good nutritional condition to
facilitate for the body health and functions.
Acknowledgements
I am very indebted to acknowledge to the Department of Zoology, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam for providing facility.
Table 1: Monthly variation of moisture percentage in the given three fishes

Months Labeo rohita Channa striata M. armatus
Mar 77.82 ± 0.12 79.12 ± 1.32 73.38 ± 1.19
Apr 76.53 ± 0.35 77.47 ± 0.53 74.16 ± 2.06
May 75.19 ± 0.26 78.14 ± 0.78 74.82 ± 1.18
Jun 74.16 ± 0.81 77.81 ± 0.13 75.19 ± 1.95
Jul 76.49 ± 0.49 78.49 ± 0.26 75.83 ± 1.15
Aug 77.83 ± 0.57 78.79 ± 0.64 75.32 ± 1.26
Sep 78.44 ± 0.86 79.12 ± 1.29 74.78 ± 1.85
Oct 79.57 ± 0.91 78.35 ± 1.56 74.65 ± 1.37

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Nov 78.93 ± 1.26 76.19 ± 0.31 73.74 ± 1.98

Dec 78.06 ± 1.53 78.43 ± 0.25 72.19 ± 1.51
Jan 77.48 ± 1.49 77.54 ± 0.66 74.83 ± 1.39
Feb 77.53 ± 1.13 79.51 ± 0.37 75.12 ± 1.86
Table 2: Monthly variation of protein percentage in the given three fishes

Mar 18.16 ± 0.08 19.86 ± 1.53 21.82 ± 0.57
Apr 18.85 ± 0.06 20.24 ± 0.98 20.16 ± 0.81
May 19.21 ± 0.09 20.19 ± 0.45 19.83 ± 0.45
Jun 19.47 ± 0.05 20.43 ± 0.26 21.94 ± 0.89
Jul 18.43 ± 0.41 18.41 ± 0.53 21.55 ± 1.58
Aug 17.86 ± 0.32 18.03 ± 0.83 22.06 ± 0.61
Sep 19.53 ± 0.53 17.19 ± 0.26 22.19 ± 1.63
Oct 18.13 ± 0.06 18.72 ± 0.11 21.97 ± 1.41
Nov 18.56 ± 0.31 19.48 ± 0.16 22.43 ± 1.29
Dec 18.97 ± 0.56 17.13 ± 0.43 23.58 ± 1.36
Jan 17.35 ± 1.24 18.66 ± 0.59 21.64 ± 1.44
Feb 17.28 ± 1.16 17.29 ± 0.32 22.04 ± 1.02
Table 3: Monthly variation of fat percentage in the given three fishes

Mar 1.56 ± 0.12 0.49 ± 0.05 2.34 ± 0.01
Apr 1.42 ± 0.33 0.53 ± 0.09 2.83 ± 0.09
May 1.87 ± 0.19 0.64 ± 0.01 2.98 ± 0.18
Jun 2.53 ± 0.24 0.86 ± 0.06 1.34 ± 0.11
Jul 2.83 ± 0.15 1.02 ± 0.04 1.30 ± 0.21
Aug 1.38 ± 0.24 0.96 ± 0.02 1.49 ± 0.36
Sep 0.83 ± 0.13 1.14 ± 0.05 1.17 ± 0.57
Oct 1.86 ± 0.86 0.87 ± 0.07 1.05 ± 0.29
Nov 1.74 ± 0.32 0.59 ± 0.01 2.43 ± 0.91
Dec 1.69 ± 0.29 1.08 ± 0.11 1.89 ± 0.58

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Jan 1.77 ± 0.41 1.23 ± 0.15 1.62 ± 0.26

Feb 2.55 ± 0.72 0.64 ± 0.08 1.26 ± 0.45
Table 4: Monthly variation of ash percentage in the given three fishes

Mar 2.34 ± 0.21 1.04 ± 0.03 2.46 ± 0.23
Apr 2.56 ± 0.13 1.83 ± 0.11 2.81 ± 0.19
May 2.86 ± 0.05 0.83 ± 0.09 2.42 ± 0.88
Jun 2.87 ± 0.06 1.02 ± 0.14 1.95 ± 0.72
Jul 2.96 ± 0.47 2.43 ± 0.12 1.53 ± 0.49
Aug 2.74 ± 0.33 2.32 ± 0.05 1.67 ± 0.52
Sep 1.76 ± 0.18 2.16 ± 0.09 1.14 ± 0.23
Oct 0.59 ± 0.16 2.12 ± 0.03 2.84 ± 0.69
Nov 0.64 ± 0.28 3.59 ± 0.09 1.67 ± 0.37
Dec 1.76 ± 0.26 3.86 ± 0.21 2.34 ± 0.81
Jan 2.83 ± 0.04 2.53 ± 0.16 1.91 ± 0.53
Feb 2.59 ± 0.16 2.78 ± 0.12 1.82 ± 0.12

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Figure 1a and 1b: Seasonal variation of moisture and protein content with standard errors (±SE) in
the given three fishes

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Figure 2a and 2b: Seasonal variation of fat and ash content with standard errors (±SE) in the
given three fishes

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Figure 3a and 3b: Inverse relationship in between moisture and protein; moisture and fat of Labeo rohita and Channa striata

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Figure 4: Inverse relationship in between moisture and protein; moisture and fat of M. armatus

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
References
1. Abimorad, E.G.; Carneiro, D.J. Digestibility and performance of pacu (Piaractus

mesopotamicus) juveniles – fed diets containing different protein, lipid and carbohydrate
levels. Aquaculture Nutrition, v.13, p.1-9, 2007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365- 2095.2007.00438.x
2. Ali M, Igbal F, Salam A, Iram S, Athar M. Comparative study of body composition of fish
species in relation from brackish water to pond depth. Int. J environ Sci Tech. 2005; 2(4):359-
364.
3. Annapurna Y, John Kiran, P., Rushinadha, R.K., and Sreeramulu, K. (2018). A study on
spatial and seasonal variation of proximate composition in Polynemus tetradactylus along the
three coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Emerging Technologies and
Innovative Research. 5(5): 753 – 756.
4. AOAC (2000). Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists
International. Maryland, USA.
5. Borane, G. and Karacam, H. (2011) Seasonal changes in proximate composition of some fish
species from black sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries Aquatic Society, 11:1-5
6. Das, H. P. 1978. Studies on the Grey Mullet, Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus) from the Goa waters.
PhD Thesis Submitted To University of Bombay, 223p.
7. Fawole OO, Ogundiran MA, Ayandiran TA, Olagunju OF. Proximate and mineral
composition in some selected fresh water fishes in Nigeria. Internet Journal of Food Safety.
2007; (9). 52-55.
8. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 1999. World production of fish, crustaceans and
mollusks by major fishing areas. Fisheries Information and Data and Statistics Unit. (FIDI),
Fisheries Department, FAO, Rome.33p
9. Hanna, R. G. M., 1984. Proximate composition of certain Red Sea fishes. Mar. Fish. Rev., 46
(3): 71–75
10. Henderson, R. J., & Tocher, D. R. (1987). The lipid composition and biochemistry of
freshwater fish. Journal Progress Lipid Research, 26(4), 281-347. PMid:3324105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163- 7827(87)90002-6.
11. Islam, M. N. and Joadder, M. A. R. (2005) Seasonal variation of the proximate composition
of freshwater Gobi, Glossogibius giuris (Hamilton) from river Padma. Pakistan Journal of
Biological Sciences, 8:532-536.
12. Jacquot, R. (1961) Organic constituents of fish and other aquatic animal foods. In: G.
Bergstrom (ed.). Fish as food, volume 1. Academic Press, New York, pp. 145-209.
13. Jacquot, R. (1961) Organic constituents of fish and other aquatic animal foods. In: G.
Bergstrom (ed.). Fish as food, volume 1. Academic Press, New York, pp. 145-209.
Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
14. Jafri, A. K. 1968. Seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of the freshwater cat fish,
Wallagonia attu (Bloch.). Hydrobiologia, 33: 497-506.
15. Jafri, A. K. and Khawaja, D.K. 1968. Seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of
the freshwater murrel, Opiiicephalus punctatus, Bloch. Hydrobiologia, 32: 206-218.
16. Kolakowska, A.; Kolakowski, E. XXXI Scientific Session of the committee for Food
Technology and Chemistry. PAN, Poznan, 2000; 14–15.
17. Kor. Quality and Quantity Changes in Fresh fish-4. Chemical composition. FAO fish Utilization
and Marketing Services. Viale delle, 00100. Rome Italy. 1995.
http://www.fao.org/docep/v7180e05.htm.
18. Marias, J. F. K. and Erasmus, T. 1977. Body composition of Mugil cephalus, Liza dumerili,
Liza richardsoni and Liza tricuspidens (Teleostei: Mugilidae) caught in the Swartkops estuary.
Aquaculture. 10(1), 75-86.
19. Mazumdar, M. S. A., Rahman, M. M., Ahmad A. T. A., Begum, M. and Hossain, M. A.
(2008) Proximate composition of some small indigenous fish species (sis) in Bangladesh.
International Journal of sustainable crop production, 3:18-23.
20. Moreira, A. B., Visentainer, J. V., Souza, N. E., & Matsushita, M. (2001). Fatty acids
profile and cholesterol contents of three Brazilian Brycon freshwater fishes. Journal of Food
Composition and Analysis, 14(6), 565-574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfca.2001.1025
21. Nair, P.G.V. and Suseela, M. (2000) Biochemical composition of fish and shellfish, CIFT
Technology Advisory Series-1, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin. pp. 1-14.
22. Oni SK, Olaniyan JY, Adegboye. 1983. Comparative physiology of three ecologically
distinct fresh water fishes Alestes nnurse (Ruppell), Synodontis schall (Bloch & Schneider) and
Tilapia zilli (Gervais). J. Fish. Biol., 22: 105– 109.
23. Özyurt, G.; Polat, A. Amino acid and fatty acid composition of wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus
labrax): a seasonal differentiation. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2006, 222, 316–320
24. Ramesh Babu K., Govinda Rao V., Krishna N. M., Geetha S. and Kakara R.R. (2017).
Assessment of Bacteriological Quality in Selected Commercially Important Shrimps of
Visakhapatnam, East Coast of India. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.
2(2): 102 – 105. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20170202.17
25. Rani, P.S.C.H.P.D., Vijay Kumar, P.P.N., Rushinadha Rao, K. and Shameem, U. (2016).
Seasonal variation of proximate composition of tuna fishes from Visakhapatnam fishing
harbor, East coast of India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 4(6): 308 –
313.
26. Rao, K.R., Viji, P., Sreeramulu, K. and Sreedhar, U. (2016). Proximate Composition and
Heavy Metal Accumulation in Deep-Sea Crustaceans from Selected Stations in the Indian
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Fishery Technology 53 (2): 155 – 161.

Index in Cosmos
ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
27. Rushinadha Rao, K. and Sreedhar, U. (2017). Proximate composition and Heavy metal
accumulation in some selected Deep sea fishes along the continental slope (200m to 1200m
depth) of Indian EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone). International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Educational Research. 8(2): 77 – 92.
28. Salam, M.A., Alam, N., Nasiruddin, M., Nabi, R. and Howlader, M.Z.H. 1995.
Biochemical composition of body muscles and its caloric contents of tawes (Puntius
gonionotius, Bleeder). Journal of Bangladesh Sci. Res., 13(2), 205-211.
29. Shimose T.Tanabe T.Chen K. S.Hsu C. C. 2009. Age determination and growth of Pacific
bluefinbluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, off Japan and Taiwan. Fisheries Research , 100: 134–
139.
30. Sidhu, K. S. (2003). Health benefits and potential risks related to consumption of fish or fish
oil. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 38, 336-344.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2003.07.002.
31. Stansby ME. Proximate composition of fish, In: Fish in Nutrition, Heen, E. and Kreutzer, R.
(eds.), Fisheries News (Books) Ltd. London, 1962, 55-60.
32. Tocher, D. (2003). Metabolism and functions of lipid and fatty acid in teleost fish. Reviews in
Fisheries Science, 11(2), 107-184. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/713610925.
33. Turan Hulya, Sonmez, gulsah, Kaya Yalcm. Fatty acid profile and proximate composition of the
thornback ray (Raja clavata, L. 1758) from the sinop coast in the Black Sea. Journal of fisheries
sciences. 2007; 1(2):97-103
34. Weatherly AH, Gill HS. The Biology of Fish Growth. Academic Press, London. UK. 1987.
35. Zaboukas, N. Biochemical composition of the Atlantic Bonito, Sarda sarda from Aegean Sea
(Eastern Mediterranean Sea) in different stages of sexual maturity. J. Fish. Biol., 2006, 69 (2):
347-362.
Corresponding author: praveendathurajala@gmail.com

Index in Cosmos

A Study On Proximate Composition of Selected Three Fresh Water Fishes (Labeo Rohita, District

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

A Study On Proximate Composition of Selected Three Fresh Water Fishes (Labeo Rohita, District

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

International journal of basic and applied research

Keywords: Channa striata, Labeo rohita, Mastacembelus armatus, Tammileru reservoir

Fish acts as a crucial role in the commercial development of a nation as it is directly

651 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

Material and methods

652 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

653 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

654 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

Table 5: Overall mean values of proximate composition (%)

655 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

Table 1: Monthly variation of moisture percentage in the given three fishes

656 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

Nov 78.93 ± 1.26 76.19 ± 0.31 73.74 ± 1.98

Table 2: Monthly variation of protein percentage in the given three fishes

Table 3: Monthly variation of fat percentage in the given three fishes

657 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

Jan 1.77 ± 0.41 1.23 ± 0.15 1.62 ± 0.26

Table 4: Monthly variation of ash percentage in the given three fishes

658 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

659 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

660 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

661 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

662 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

663 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

1. Abimorad, E.G.; Carneiro, D.J. Digestibility and performance of pacu (Piaractus

665 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

Corresponding author: praveendathurajala@gmail.com

666 Received: 5 June Revised: 13 June Accepted: 22 June

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen