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KNOWLEDGE
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Reasoning
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We can find challenges in every sphere of our lives. Be it finding the best
route to a cinema hall on traffic packed roads or choosing the right item in a
super market.
How best are we equipped to deal with challenges is the question?
Reasoning Ability is a systematic process of thinking where a problem or
plan is analysed from various angles in its most practical sense. Hence
yields better decisions and better conclusions.
That’s why every student’s Reasoning Ability is tested in almost every
competitive exam today.
Republic - 5
The process of learning is dependent on one’s ability to think logically and
reason quickly and effectively. These two factors are hence very crucial to a child’s progress in
education.
This critically important ability of reasoning should be seeded and nurtured in the minds of the students
in their budding stage itself. Once the seed of reasoning sprouts in the young minds, the way they see the
world entirely changes. Life itself looks like an exciting puzzle to be solved.
Reasoning and logic skills are an integral part of a wide range of subjects such as Math, Science,
Design and Technology, etc. These skills are also vital in our day to day lives.
Class
Class
TM
65
REASONING
QUOTIENT
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n Exhaustive range of skill, reasoning and
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Knowledge Republic - 5 Class - 5 Knowledge Republic - 5 Unified Council
b) 3 3 3 3 3 = 3
Answers on page 21
5 6
Knowledge Republic - 5 Class - 5 Knowledge Republic - 5 Unified Council
Identify :
1. What to change ? The type of surface
2. What remains same ? The object (marble)
i) Four matchsticks are needed to form a square. 3. What to measure ? The distance moved by the marble
Can you use 7 matchsticks to form 2 squares ?
Procedure :
ii) Use 12 matchsticks to form 4 identical squares. How can
you do it ? 1. Roll a marble on a sandpaper.
2. Measure the distance moved by the marble.
2) Cut off one corner from the rectangle. How do you cut so that
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 by using a piece of glass and an old
newspaper in the place of the sandpaper.
Finding :
The marble moves further on the glass than the old newspaper
a) 3 corners are left ? b) 4 corners are left ?
or sandpaper.
c) 5 corners are left ? d) 6 corners are left ?
3) This is a route map between Sharon’s home and her school. Conclusion :
How many different ways can she go to school ? This experiment shows that a smoother surface causes lesser
friction than a rough surface.
SCHOOL
HOME
Answers on page 21
11 12
Knowledge Republic - 5 Class - 5 Knowledge Republic - 5 Unified Council
Divisibility by 13
Example 1 : Check whether 2366 is divisible by 13.
(B) MAIL, MAID, LAID, PAID
1) Solution : Step 1. 236 6 236 + 6 × 4 = 260
2) (A) BOAT, COAT, COAL, GOAL, GOAT (Since, the osculator for 13 is 4 and it is ‘one more’
osculator. So we use addition)
26 0 26 + 0 × 4 = 26
Brain Teasers
Step 2.
Answers Since 26 (or 260) is divisible by 13, hence 2366 is also
divisible by 13.
15 16
Knowledge Republic - 5 Class - 5 Knowledge Republic - 5 Unified Council
Solution : Step 1. 32 3 32 – 3 × 5 = 17
So is the case with our air and water transport, where propellers
move in a circular motion. In all these vehicles, the chief mover,
(5 is the negative osculator of 17). its transmission, etc., make use of circular shafts and gears. Thus
Therefore 323 is divisible by 17. we use the circular shape for transport facility.
Example 2 : Check whether 12716 is divisible by 17. The English letter ‘O’ – is a vowel, circular in shape. The parts
Solution : Step 1.1271 6 1271 – 6 × 5 =1241 of that circle form part of some letters in English.
In maths, the simplicity of the decimal system (numbered by
tens) is due to the presence of the zero. Zero has simplified
Who am I ? maths, which as it is, is a frightening dream for many. Without
this zero, maths would have been far more complicated.
• I have all the knowledge you have. But I am small as The punctuation marks also make use of the circle in full stop,
your fist that your hands can hold me. brackets, etc. Even as children begin to learn writing, they first
• I am the biggest alphabet, as I contain the most water scribble circles. In nature, Sun, Moon, Earth and other planets
in the world. and their orbits are of near circular shape.
• It is your possession and belongs to you. However, you In the human body, the nerves, veins, bones, hair, etc., are seen
use it very rarely. circular in cross-section. Many parts of the living beings, like eyes,
ear-holes, etc., are circular in shape. Any liquid, while falling free,
• You always make a more of them, but leave more of
them behind you. The more you do, the more you
becomes circular globules as in the case of rain drops. Thus the
leave behind. circular shape is a permanent feature in God’s creation.
Answers on page 21
17 18
Knowledge Republic - 5 Class - 5 Knowledge Republic - 5 Unified Council
V ocabulary 2) Find the words in the grid and write each beside its anagram.
lance _______________
1) Discover more interesting places by filling in the blanks with m a p l e b
the correct letters. An example has been done for you. Have march _______________
fun!
c c p v p r
ample _______________
• The place where coins are made is called the _m_ _i_ _n_ h l e e l e
_t_. plate _______________
a e t r a a
• Georgina and her family went to the ___ _a_ ___ ___ ___ sever _______________
___ _r_ to board the cruise ship. r a a s n k
panel _______________
• The children went to the ___ ___ _i_ ___ _y_ to see how m n l e e x
trace _______________
milk and cheese are processed.
baker _______________
c r a t e y
• My brother stayed in the ___ ___ ___ _r_ ___ ___ ___ ___
during his National Service. Answers on page 21
Answers
Fun with Numbers
1) 5 4 2) A = 1, B = 4, C = 7, D = 2
9 9
6 2 5 5
5
8 2
6
7
1 3
3 72 2
4 6
1 6
1 4 1 4 7 2
4 4 6 1
9 4 1 + 1 4 7 2
4 7
8 2 2 0 1 8
3) (a) 2+2–2=2
(b) 3×3÷3+3–3=3
Puzzles
1) i) ii)
2)
3) 6
V ocabulary
1) Harbour, dairy, barracks, orchard, garage, cemetery, bakery, canning, hanger, studio.
2) Clean, Charm, Maple, Petal, Verse, Plane, Crate, Break.
21
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