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Diabetes Insipidus A disorder caused by insufficient release of ADH from posterior pituitary. It results in
excessive thirst and production of large amounts of very dilute urine. (insipidus=tasteless,
dilution of urine)
Glycosuria Excess sugar in the urine
Hyperglycemia Excess glucose in the blood
Hypoglycemia Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood
Infantile A congenital lack of thyroid secretion and marked by arrested physical and mental
Hypothyroidism development (Congenital hypothyroidism)
Ketoacidosis Acidosis (increased acidity in blood fluids) caused by excess ketone bodies as in diabetes
mellitus; diabetic acidosis
Fasting Plasma Glucose Measurement of blood glucose after a fast of at least eight hours. A reading equal to or
(FPG) greater than 126 mg/dL indicates diabetes. Also called fasting blood glucose (FBG) or
fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Oral Glucose Tolerance Measurement of glucose levels in the blood plasma after administration of a challenge
Test (OGTT) dose of glucose to a fasting patient. Used to measure patient’s ability to metabolize
glucose. A value greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL in the two-hour sample indicates
diabetes
Aneurysm A localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel that results from weakness of the vessel wall
(may eventually burst)
Aphasia Loss or defect in speech communication. In practice, the term is applied more broadly to a
range of language disorder both spoken and written. May affect ability to understand
speech (receptive aphasia) or the ability to produce speech (expressive aphasia). Both
forms are combined in global aphasia.
Cerebrovascular Sudden damage to brain resulting from reduction of cerebral blood flow; possible causes
Accident are atherosclerosis, thrombosis, or a ruptured aneurysm (stroke)
Dementia A gradual and usually irreversible loss of intellectual function
Embolism Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other material carried in the circulation
Encephalitis Inflammation of the brain
Hemiparesis Partial paralysis or weakness of one side of the body
Hemiplegia Paralysis of one side of the body
Meningitis Inflammation of the meninges
Shingles An acute viral infection that follows nerve pathways causing small lesions on the skin.
Caused by reactivation of the virus that also causes chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus). Also
called herpes zoster.
Thrombosis Development of blood clot within a vessel
Electroencephalography Amplification, recording, and interpretation of the brain’s electric activity
(EEG)
Psychosis A mental disorder extreme enough to cause gross misperception of reality with delusions
and hallucinations
Schizophrenia A poorly understood group of severe mental disorders with features of psychosis,
delusions, hallucinations, and withdrawn or bizarre behavior (schizo = split, phren = mind)
Acetylcholine (Ach) A neurotransmitter; activity involving Ach is described as cholinergic
Corpus Callosum A large band connecting fibers between the cerebral hemispheres
Dermatome The area of the skin supplied by a spinal nerve; term also refers to an instrument used to
cut skin for grafting
Norepinephrine A neurotransmitter very similar in chemical composition and function to the hormone
epinephrine, also called noradrenaline
Amnesia Loss of memory (mneme=memory)
Apraxia Inability to move with purpose or to use objects properly
Ataxia Lack of muscle coordination; dyssynergia
Athetosis Involuntary, slow, twisting movements in the arms especially the hands and fingers
Hematoyelia Hemorrhage of blood into the spinal cord, as from an injury
Hypochondriasis Abnormal anxiety about one’s health
Tic Douloureux Episodes of extreme pain in the area supplied by the trigeminal nerve; trigeminal neuralgia
Tourette Syndrome A tic disorder with intermittent motor and vocal manifestations that begin in childhood.
There also may be obsessive and compulsive behavior, hyperactivity and distractibility
LB Lumbar Puncture
OCD Obsessive – Compulsive Disorder
ACE Angiotensin – converting enzyme
AMI Acute Myocardial Infarction
AV Atrioventricular
BP Blood Pressure
CHD Coronary Heart Disease
CHF Congestive Heart Failure
CK-MB Creatine Kinase MB
CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CVA Cerebrovascular Accident
CVD Cardiovascular Disease
CVI Chronic Venous Insufficiency
DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis
ECG (EKG) Electrocardiogram, electrocardiography
HDL ; LDL High-density lipoprotein ; Low-density lipoprotein
HTN Hypertension
LV Left Ventricle
LVH Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
MI Myocardial Infarction
Mm Hg Millimeters of mercury
PAP Pulmonary Arterial Pressure
PTCA Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
PVC Premature Ventricular Contraction
PVD Peripheral Vascular Disease
VT Ventricular Tachycardia
BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (Tuberculosis Vaccine)
CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
RDS Respiratory Distress Syndrome
RV Residual Volume
SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
TB Tuberculosis
URI Upper Respiratory Infection
ACTH Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
ADH Antidiuretic Hormone
FBG Fasting Blood Glucose
FBS Fasting Blood Sugar
FPG Fasting Plasma Glucose
FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone
LH Luteinizing Hormone
ACh Acetylcholine
ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
CNS ; PNS Central Nervous System ; Peripheral Nervous System