Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1 B 2 B 3 B
4 C 5 D 6 B
7 a i 2 / two 1m
ii 8 / eight 1m
b 38 1m
9 a 12 chromatids 1m
Chromatids separated from each other 1m
Labels: centromere, chromatids 1m x 2
b Any three from: 1m x 3
DNA molecules are replicated.
New organelles e.g. mitochondria are made.
Proteins are made.
Energy stores increase.
10
Number of Mass of DNA /
Nucleus
chromosomes arbitrary units
A 8 600
B 8 600
C 8 300
D 4 150
0.5m x 4
13 a i B 1m
ii D / C and D 1m
iii A and B / A, B and C 1m
(C in ii or iii but not both)
b Any three from: 1m x 3
Synthesis / replication of DNA
Synthesis of proteins
Replication / synthesis / production of organelles
Storage of energy
c DNA content was halved 1m
because two separate cells have been formed. 1m
d No 1m
Diploid amount of DNA presents in both the cell undergoing mitosis and meiosis I
1m
OR
During meiosis, reduction of the amount of DNA does not occur until the second
division. 1m
e Chromosomes at the end of the meiosis I consist of chromatids still attached at
centromere. 1m
Chromosomes at the end of the meiosis I are a random assortment of parental and
maternal chromosomes. 1m
1 C 2 C 3 A
4 B 5 D
6 a True 1m
b False
The number of seeds in a fruit depends on how many ovules are present in the ovary.
1m
c False
Sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation which may or may not
be better adapted to the environment. 1m
7 Seed
because only sexual reproduction / fusion of gametes / fertilization 1m
involves two sets of different chromosomes 1m
which causes variation in offspring / causes new variety. 1m
2 They help pollinate plants that are responsible for producing many of the food we eat,
such as grains and vegetables. 1m
Plants grown for fibres in clothes 1m
and chemicals in medicines also rely on these pollinating agents. 1m
3 Reduce the use of paper to reduce the rate of deforestation which destroys the habitats of
pollinating agents. 1m
Travel by public transport to reduce air pollution. 1m
(or other correct answers)
Ch 13 Reproduction in humans
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions (p. 13-38)
1 D 2 A 3 B
4 C 5 B 6 D
7 A 8 C 9 A
10 A 11 B 12 D
13 A 14 D 15 D
16 a
Part Number
Contains smooth muscle to move
4
sperm
Adds a liquid secretion to sperm
3
before they are released
1m x 2
b A — scrotum
It keeps testes cooler / at 35°C so sperm can be made / sperm live longer. 1m
C — erectile tissue
B — penis
It becomes erect / stiff / rigid so it can reach high in vagina / the top of vagina / the
entrance of uterus.
Effective communication 1m
17 a i Acrosome releases enzymes / proteases which digest the protective layer of the
ovum. 2m
Oxford University Press 2009
New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology Chapter 11
Suggested answers to Exercise and Reading to learn p.9/24
19 a 25.7 / 25.50–26.00 μm 1m
b These enzymes can break down protective layer and 1m
allow the entry of sperm nucleus / DNA into the ovum. 1m
c Mitochondria provide ATP / release energy / carry out respiration 1m
for the movement of sperm. 1m
d This increases the chance of reaching the ovum / egg / fertilization 1m
because sperms have to travel long distance / not all sperm viable / many sperm do
not survive. 1m
2 Both vasectomy and IVD prevent the transfer of sperm to the female body. 1m
However, contraception achieved by IVD is reversible while vasectomy is permanent.
1m
3 Testes 1m
Testes are the organs which produce male sex hormone. 1m
1 B 2 B
3 C 4 C
6 a B
B shows steady growth. 1m
OR
It cannot be A because A grows bigger than adult size / above 100% then falls /
shrinks. 1m
b 70 / 68–72 1m
c The graph shows puberty around age 11–13 because reproductive organs show
sudden increase / big increase / develop / start to grow. 1m
1 Lateral meristem 1m
2 Water is readily available in spring, the newly formed secondary xylem cells take in more
water and swell. 1m
Therefore, they grow to a larger size. 1m
Water supply is scarce in autumn, the secondary xylem cells take in less water and thus
they are smaller in size. 1m
3 2 1m
1 D 2 A 3 C
4 B 5 C 6 A
7 A 8 C 9 D
12 a Red 1m
because only red cone cells are stimulated by the light of 650 nm. 1m
b This is because both the red cone cells and green cone cells are stimulated by the
light of 550 nm. 1m
13 a Towards light 1m
b No growth 1m
c Towards light 1m
d Towards light 1m
e Grows straight 1m
14 a When the lift travels upward to 60th floor, the air pressure decreases. The pressure
inside the middle ear is now greater than that of the outside. 1m
The ear drum bulges outward. 1m
The ear drum cannot vibrate freely in response to sound waves, so the person cannot
hear clearly. 1m
b The middle ear is connected to the pharynx by the Eustachian tube. 1m
Bacteria in the throat can easily go to the middle ear and cause infection. 1m
Communication 3m
Ch 16 Coordination in humans
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions (p. 16-29)
1 A 2 A 3 D
4 A 5 C 6 B
8 Endocrine glands produce hormones which diffuse directly into the blood. 1m
Exocrine glands release their secretions through ducts. 1m
For example, salivary glands secrete saliva through salivary ducts into the mouth 1m
while pancreas secretes insulin directly into the blood. 1m
Ch 17 Movement in humans
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions (p. 17-22)
1 B 2 D 3 A
4 B 5 A 6 C
7 C 8 B 9 C
10 B
11 a Acid dissolves the minerals, mainly calcium phosphate, in the bone, making it soft.
1m
b Heating removes water from the bone, making it brittle. 1m
12 a iii 1m
b v 1m
c ii 1m
d i 1m
e iv 1m
14 A — biceps
B — triceps
C — tendon
D — radius and ulna
E — humerus
F — shoulder bone
G — elbow joint
H — shoulder joint 0.5m x 8
Parts of the model which do not illustrate the actual situation well:
The string tying balloon A to D should not be attached to the left side of D. It should
be attached to D at a point much nearer to G, more or less on its immediate left. 1m
There should be a string (representing a tendon) attaching balloons B to D. 1m
21 a P — myelin sheath 1m
R — vacuole containing neurotransmitters 1m
S — neuromuscular junction 1m
b When a nerve impulse arrives at Q,
it stimulates the ending of the axon to release neurotransmitters. 1m
The neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse. 1m
They stimulate the muscle fibres to generate an electrical impulse. 1m
The electrical impulse spreads along the muscle fibre and the muscle contracts. 1m
c The drug blocks the receptors of neurotransmitters on the cell membrane of muscle
cells, no electrical impulses are generated. 1m
1 No 1m
It is because the surgery replaces only the worn cartilage of the leg bones but cannot treat
the torn ligaments. 1m
Ch 18 Homeostasis
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions (p. 18-14)
1 C
2 B
3 a negative feedback 1m
b opposite 1m
c restore 1m
d lowers 1m
4 On graph:
Mark ‘X’ between 1 hour and 2 hour 1m
Mark ‘Y’ between 0.25 hour and 1 hour 1m
1 Bernard discovered that the liver acts as a reserve of carbohydrates for the body by
converting glucose to glycogen or vice versa. 1m
From this, he recognized the role of the liver in regulating blood glucose level which led
him to further investigate homeostasis.
His ideas were also further developed by other scientists. 1m
3 Water content / oxygen content / carbon dioxide content in blood / body temperature
(or other correct answer) 1m