COMPANY PROFILE

OVERVIEW:
BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED formed in October 2000 is world’s 7th largest
telecommunication company providing comprehensive range of telecommunication in India:
Wireline, CDMA mobile, GSM mobile, Internet, Broadband, carrier service, MPLS-VPN,
VSAT,VOIP services, IN service etc. presently it is one of the largest &leading public sector
in India.
BSNL has installed quality telecom network in the country and now focusing on improving
it, expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ict applications in village
and winning customer’s confidence. Today, it has about 46 million line basic telephone
capacity, 8 million WLL capacity, 52 million gsm capacity, more than 38302 fixed
exchanges,46565 BTS, 3895 node, 287 satellite stations, 614755 Rkm of OFC cable,
50430 Rkm of microwave network connecting 602 districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5.6
lakh villages.
BSNL is the only service provider, making focused efforts and planned initiatives to bridge
the rural urban digital divide ICT sector. Infect there is no telecom operator in the country to
beat its reach with its wide network giving services in every corner of country and operates
across India Delhi and Mumbai. Weather it is inaccessible areas of Siachen glacier and
North-Eastern region of the country. BSNL serves its customer with wide bouquet of telecom
services.
BSNL is numero operator of India in all services in its license area. The company offers vide
ranging and most transparent tariff schemes to suite every customer. BSNL cellular service,
cell one, has 55,140,282 2G cellular customers and 88,493 3G customers as on 30.11.2009.
in basic services, BSNL is ahead of its rival, with 35.1 million basic phone subscribers i.e, 85
percent share of the subscriber base and 92 percent share in revenue terms.
BSNL has more than 2.5 million WLL subscribers and 2.5 million internet customers who
access internet through various modes viz. dial up, leased line, sias, and account less internet.
BSNL has been adjusted as the number one ISP in the country.
BSNL has setup a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol. Convergent IP infrastructure that
provides convergent services like voice, data and video through the same backbone and broad
band access network. At present there are 0.6 million data one broad band customers.
The company has vast experience in planning, installation network integration and
maintenance of switching and transmission networks and also has a world class iso 9000
certified telecom training institute.
Scaling new heights of success, the present turnover of BSNL is more than RS.351, 820
million (us $8 billion) with net profit to the tune of RS 99,390 million for last financial year.
The infrastructure asset telephone alone is worth about RS 630,000 million.
The turnover, nationwide coverage, reach, comprehensive range of telecom services and the
desire to excel has made BSNL NO.1 Telecom Company of India.

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 NUMBERING PLAN FEATURES

This includes features related to the directory numbering plan.

LEVEL 0 FOR TAX STD
Digit 0 is used for getting access to the trunk automatic exchange to route std(subscriber
trunk dialing) traffic to subscribers connected to the national tax network.

LEVEL 1 SPECIAL SERVICES

C- DOT DSS provides for three digit or more than three access codes for level 1 special
services.

LEVEL 9 POINT TO POINT STD

Digit 9 is used for getting access to the strowger STD tandem for point to point subscriber
dialed calls. In C- DOT DSS 9 is used for checking STD barring etc.

MAXIMUM 16DIGIT RECEPTION FROM TRUNKS

The system has a provision to receive a maximum of 16digits from a trunk.

MAXIMUM 16DIGIT RECEPTION FROM SUBSCRIBERS LINE

The system has a provision to receive a maximum of 16 digits from the subscriber’s line. A
typical case when so many digits could be expected in C-DOT DSS is in case of credit card
calling or when the facility of dialing by “equipment number” is used etc.

PREFIX 00 IS USED FOR ISD THROUGH TAX

Code 00 is used as access code for ISD call through TAX. In early phases of ISD working in
India, a second dial tone after dialing 00 was fed and was to be followed by further digits.
The scheme has changed now. CDOT DSS provides for both the schemes of working, with
second dial tone and without second dial tone.
The digits 00 are used when checking for ISD barring; similarly, for near ISD barring checks,
digits 09 are used.

PREFIX 900 FOR ISD CALLS

Code 900 was used as access code for ISD calls in Indian network when ISD was initially
introduced.
C-DOT DSS Provides for this type of working also if needed. The digits 900 are used in
CDOT DSS for checking ISD and near ISD restriction (combined).

VARIABLE LENGTH DIRECTORY NUMBER OF SUBSCRIBERS

The national number of a subscriber in India can have a maximum of 9 Significant digits (i.e.,
excluding the access code 0). It includes the trunk Code for the area to which the local
exchange of the subscriber belongs and his directory number within the local exchange/local
area. The director number can vary from 3 to 7digits (including exchange code).C-DOT DSS
supports this numbering scheme fully.

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VARIABLE LENGTH ROUTE CODE
The access codes for various routes may be of variable length(1 digit to 12 digits).the
trunk(ISD) codes allotted for the area are handled in the same way as other “routes” in C-
DOT DSS therefore, trunk codes of 2 to 7 digits length, required in India ,can be supported
in C-DOT DSS.
ANALOG LINE INTERFACE
The system is capable of being connected to the subscribers through ordinary, CCB or PBX
lines.
NORMAL LINE
Line resistance including subscriber’s instrument may go upto 1200 ohms for which 30mA
loop current is guaranteed. Insulation resistance between ‘a’ wire (or ‘b’ wire) and ground or
between ‘a’ and ‘b’ wires may be as low as 20k ohms.

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 C –DOT DSS
Max
Main automatic exchange MAX is expandable to large capacities of order of 2000 lines or
beyond. The max may have remote modules(RM) and remote line concentrators (RLC)
connected to it.

RAX
Rural automatic exchange (RAX) is a small exchange and is expandable upto 2000 lines
capacity. Single base module configuration (i.e. C-DOT SBM RAX with aur without
concentration) comes under the RAX category.

THE C-DOT DSS FAMILY

C-DOT DSS family max is a universal digital switch which can be configured for different
applications as local, transit or integrated local and transit switch. high traffic/load handling
capacity up to 8,00,000 BCHA with termination capacity of 40,000 lines as local exchange or
15,000 trunks as trunk automatic exchange, the C-DOT DSS family is ideally placed to meet
the different requirements of any integrated digital network.
The design of C-DOT DSS family concept . The advantages of family concepts are
standardized components, commonality in hardware, documentation, training, installation and
field support for all products and minimization of inventory of spares. In fact this modular
design has been consciously achieved by employing appropriate hardware, software, and
equipment practices.
The equipment practices provide modular packaging. Common cards and advanced
components have been used in the system hardware in order to reduce the number and type of
cards. Standard cards, racks, frames, cabinets and distribution frames are used which
facilitate flexible system growth. Interconnection technology has been standardized at all
levels of equipment packaging. All these features, together with ruggedised design, make C-
DOT DSS max easy to maintain and highly reliable.
Another important feature of design is the provision of both local and centralized operation
and maintenance. Beginning with local operation and maintenance, with the installation of
similar digital switches in the network, centralized operation and maintenance and
administration services very economically. All these services are provided through a simple,
interactive man-machine interface.

C-DOT SYSTEM CAPACITY

INTRODUCTION
The capacity of C-DOT DSS is defined in terms of the following parameters:
• The termination capacity expressed as the number of lines and trunks
• The amount of traffic (in Erlangs) that can be switched

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•The number of Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA) that can be processed with a given call
mix while meeting the overall service quality requirements
This section indicates the maximum capacity of different system elements as well as that of
complete exchange, equipped to its ultimate termination capacity. It has been ensured that the
specified parameters are valid to meet overall reliability objectives for the C-DOT DSS as
specified in ITU-T recommendations.

TERMINATION CAPACITY
A Terminal Card is the basic system element. It interfaces/terminates the lines and trunks.
The next higher element is a Terminal Unit. The types of terminal cards and terminal units
used in C-DOT DSS along with its functions are explained in H/W description. Termination
capacity of a BM is 488 analog terminals and that of LM is 768 analog terminals. A BM can
be concentrated with 2 LMs to provide maximum termination capacity of 2024 analog lines.
In case of a BM, a maximum of 256 B-channels can be provided for ISDN terminations at the
cost of 128 analog lines. In its maximum configuration of one BM and 2 LMs with
termination capacity of 2024 analog lines, 256 B- channels are provided at the cost of 512
analog lines. One to one replacement of B-channels is planned in immediate future.

Base Module and Line Module are the highest level of system elements Each Base Module
has four Terminal Units whereas a Line Module has six Terminal Units. A maximum of 16
BMs can be connected in MAX-L and 32 BMs can be connected in MAX-XL configurations.
Table1 summaries the termination capacities of the various system elements of CDOT DSS
MAX.

EXCHANGE CONFIGURATIONS
C-DOT DSS MAX can be configured to support any combination of lines and trunks. For
different applications in the network as Local Exchange, Local cum Tandem Exchange.
Trunk Automatic Exchange (TAX) or Integrated Local cum Transit (ILT) Exchange. In its
maximum configuration, up to 40,000 lines and 5.500 trunks are supported when configured
as Local/Local cum Tandem. When configured as TAX, 14,500 trunks are supported.

Table 1 Termination Capacity of System Elements

SI System Element Termination Capacity

1 Termination Cards (TC):
A Analog Line Card
B| Analog Trunk Card
C A set of DTS/DTC Cards One 2-Mbps E-1 link as CAS/CCS trunks
D m PHC Card (SHM)
E ISDN-BRI Card
F SDN-PRI Card
2 Terminal Unit (TU):
A Analog TU (ATU)
B Digital TU (DTU)
LCC - 8 Analog Subscribers
CCM 8 CCB subscribers with last two ports supporting
16-khz metering.
TWT/ EMF - 8 Trunks
8 Protocol Handlers/ Signaling Links
8 BRI (2B+D)Interface i.e. 16 B-
One PRI (30B+D) Interface i.e. 30 B-
16 Analog Terminal Cards (LCC/ CCM/ TWT/ EMF) to
support any combination of lines and Trunks in
Four 2-Mbps E-1 links as CAS/ CCS7
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C #7 Signaling Unit Module 64N0S., #7 Protocol
D ISDN Terminal Unit 256 Bearer to be configured as BRI, PRI or any
(ISTU) combination
3 Base Module (BM):
480 Analog Subscribers. A maximum of 256 B-Channels
A Base Module (Line)
for ISDN interface can be provided at the cost, of 128

768 Analog subscriber lines. A maximum of two LMs

B Line Module (LM)
connected with BM supports 2024 lines
C 3M (Analog Trunks) 488 Analog Trunks
D BM (Digital Trunks) Fifteen 2-Mbps E-1 links as CAS/ CCS7
E BM (Analog * Digital) Three possible configurations as 360
AT+ 4 PCMs/ 232 AT+ 8 PCMs/ 104 AT+

Table-2 Termination Capacity of Exchange Configurations

SI Exchange Configuration Termination Capacity

1,500 Lines and128 Trunks. The trunks can
1 Single Base Module (SBM)
be analog and/or digital. The number of

Multi-Base Module (MBM) (DSS MAX)

2
Ideal configuration to support 40,000 lines and 5,500
trunks with 20 Line BMs and 12 Trunk BMs. The
i) MAX-XL
trunk capacity can be increased by 450 at the cost of
2,000 subscribers or vice versa.

Ideal configuration to support 20,000 lines and 2,700

trunks with 10 Line BMs and 6 Trunk BMs. The
ii) MAX-L
trunk capacity can be increased by 450 at the cost of
2,000 subscribers or vice versa.
3 Remote Switching Unit 2,000 subscriber lines. Trunk interface at the cost of
(RSU) subscriber lines.

4 Multi-Base Module TAX 14,500 Trunks

Note: out of the total equipped capacity, a maximum of 30,000 lines maybe remote
subscribers through RSUs in MAX-XL whereas 14000 lines may be Remote Subscriber
through RSUs in MAX-L.

TRAFFIC CARRYING CAPACITY

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The traffic carrying capacity of C-DOT DSS MAX is ideally 8000 Erlangs in case of MAX-
XL and 4000 Erlangs in case of MAX-L exchanges. This figure is based on the ideal traffic
of one Erlang per switched circuit. But the actual traffic carrying capacity of one switched
path is always less than one in practical application. Accordingly capacities are reduced to
not less than 7,500Erlangs in case of MAX-XL and to 3800 in case of MAX-L
exchanges.

BHCA HANDLING CAPABILITY

The Basic processing elements of the exchange are the Base Processor (in the Base Module).
Base processor has the capability of handling 12,500 Busy Hour Call Attempts which can be
increased to 30,000 using upgraded processor card. The C-DOT DSS MAX (MAX-XL)
exchange with 32 Base Modules can handle upto 3,00,000 BHCA. By upgrading the
processor card in BM/CM/AM/SUM and message switch in all the BMs, it is increased to
8, 00,000 BHCA. In case of MAX-L exchanges with 16 BMs connectivity, the BHCA
handling Capability is 1, 50,000.
Various exchange configurations and their traffic capacities are summarized
in Table3

Table 3 Traffic Capacity of Exchange Configurations

Sr.No. Exchange Traffic Capacity Description

Configuration

I. SBM-RAX 250 Erlangs. The BHCA capacity depends on the type of

processor used and it may be12,500 or 30,000.

2. Remote Switching 250 Erlangs. The BHCA capacity depends on the type of
Unit (RSU) processor used. It may be 12,600 or 30,000.

3. DSS-MAX/TAX Not less than 7,500 Erlangs. The BHCA capacity is more than
i) MAX-XL 3, 00,000 and upgradeable to 8, 00,000 by upgrading only
processor cards.

ii) MAX-L Not less than 3800 Erlangs. The BHCA capacity is 1, 50,000.

Note: For some of the sites already commissioned with one of the first three
configurations, overall BHCA handling capacity may be lower due to use of old
processor cards.

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8
BASIC GROWTH/BUILDING MODULES
C-DOT DSS MAX exchanges can be configured using four basics modules
• Base module.
• Central module.
• Administrative module.
• Input output module.
1) BASE MODULE
The base module (BM) is the basic growth unit of the system. It interfaces the external world
to the switch. The interfaces may be subscriber lines, analog and digital trunks, CCM and
PBX lines.
Each base module can interface up to 2024 terminations. The number Of base modules
directly corresponds to the exchange size. It carries out majority of call processing functions
and in a small exchange application, it also carries out operation and maintenance functions
with the help of the input output module.
In single base module (SBM) exchange configuration, the base module acts as an
independent switching system and provides connections to 1500 lines and 128 trunks. In such
a configuration, the base module directly interfaces with the input output module for bulk
data storage, operations and maintenance functions. clock and synchronizations is provided
by a source within the base module. It is a very useful application for application for small
urban and rural environments. With minimum modifications in hardware through only one
type of card, a base module can be remotely located as a remote switch unit (RSU), Parented
to the main exchange using PCM links.
The basic functions of a base module:
a. Analog to digital conversion of all signals on analog lines and trunks.
b. Interface to digital trunks and digital subscribers.
c. Switching the calls between terminals connected to the same base module.
d. Communication with the administrative module via the central module for
administrative and maintenance functions and also for majority of inter-BM
switching (i.e. call processing) functions.
e. Provision of special circuits for call processing support e.g. digital tones,
announcements.
f. Provision for local switching and matering in stand alone mode of Remote switch
unit as well as in case of single base module.
For these functions, the base module hardware is spread over different types of unit.
As shown in below figure:

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 Terminal unit-1 1
(TU-1)

Terminal unit-2 2
(TU-2)
Terminal unit-3 3
(TU-3)
Terminal unit-4 4
(TU-4)
Base processor unit 5
(BPU )

Time switch unit 6

(TSU)

• Analog terminal unit- to interface analog lines/trunks, and providing special circuits
as conference, announcements and terminal tester.
• Digital terminal unit - for interfacing digital trunks i.e. 2mbps links.
• #7 signaling unit module – to support ss7 protocol handlers and some call processing
functions for ccs7 calls.
• Isdn terminal unit – to support termination of bri/pri interfaces and implementation of
lower layers of dss1 signaling protocol.
• Time switch unit – for voice and message switching and provision of service circuits.
• Base processor unit – for control message communication and call processing
functions.

2) CENTRAL MODULE
Central module (CM) consists of a message switch and a space switch to provide inter
module communication and perform voice and data switching between base modules. It
provides control message communication between any two base modules and between base
modules and administrative module for operation and maintenance functions. it also provides
clock and synchronization an a centralized basis.
Central module (CM) is responsible for space switching of inter base module calls,
communication between base modules and the Administrative module, clock distribution and
network synchronization. For these functions, Central Module has a space switch.
3) ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE
Administrative module (AM) performs system level resource allocation and processing
function on a centralized basis. It performs all the memory and time intensive call processing
support functions and also administration and maintenance functions. It communicates with
the base module via the central module. It supports the input output module for providing
man-machine interface. It supports the alarm display panel for the audiovisual indication of
faults in the system.
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Administrative module (AM) consists of a duplicated 16\32-bit controller called the
Administrative Processor (APC).It communicates with Base Processors via Central Message
Switch for control messages and with the duplicated Input Output Processors in the Input
Output Module for interfacing peripheral devices Administrative processor is responsible for
global routing, translation and resource allocation and all other functions that are provided
centrally in C-DOT DSS MAX.

4) INPUT OUTPUT MODULE (IOM)

Input output module (IOM) consists of a duplicated input output processor (IOP). The output
processor (IOP) is a general-purpose computer with UNIX operating system. It is used as a
front end processor in C-DOS DSS. The IOP is connected to AP/BP via HDLC links.
During normal operation, two IOP’S interconnected by HDLC link, operate in a duplex
configuration. Working as front-end processor, it provides initial code down load to the
subsystems, man machine interface and data storage for billing and other administrative
information.
IOP interfaces various secondary storage devices like ‘disk drives’, cartridge tape drive and
floppy drive. It supports printer and upto 8 serial ports for video display units which are used
for man-machine communication interface. All the bulk data processing and storage is done
in this module.
Thus a C-DOT DSS exchange, depending upon size and application, consists of base
modules (maximum 32), central module, administrative module, input/output module and
alarm display panel. The base modules can be remotely located or co-located depending on
the requirement.

ANALOG TERMINAL UNIT

The analog terminal unit is used for interfacing 128 analog terminations which may be lines
or trunks. It consists of terminal cards which may be a combination of Line Circuit Cards
(LCC), CCB with Metering (CCM) cards, Two Wire Trunk (TWT) cards, E&M Two wire
(EMT) Trunk cards and E&M Four wire (EMF) trunk cards, depending upon the module
configuration. Also, provision has been made to equip Conference (CNF) card to support
"six party" conference, Announcement (ANN) to support 15 user-friendly announcement
messages, and Terminal Test Controller (TTC) for testing of analog terminations. Power
Supply Unit (PSU-I) provides logical voltages and ringing current in the ATU.

ANALOG SUBSCRIBER LINE CARDS

Two variants of subscriber line cards as LCC or CCM with interfaces upto 8 subscribers
provide basic BORSCHT functions for each line. Analog to digital conversion is done by per-
channel CODEC according to A-law of Pulse Code Modulation. Each CCM card has the
provision of battery reversal for all the 8 lines with the last two lines having provision to
generate 16 KHz metering pulses to be sent to subscriber's metering equipment.
The 8-bit digital (voice) output of four LCCs is multiplexed to form a 32- channel, 2 Mbps
PCM link - also called a terminal group (TG). Since a Terminal Unit has a maximum of 16
terminal cards, there are four such terminal groups. The signaling information is separated by
a scan/drive logic circuit and is sent to the signaling processor on four different scan/drive
signals. The LCC/CCM also provides test access relay to isolate the exchange side and line
side to test it separately by using the Terminal Test Controller (TTC).

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ANALOG TRUNK CARDS
Analog trunk cards interface analog inter-exchange trunks which may be of three types as
TWT, EMT and EMF. These interfaces are similar to Subscriber Line Card, with only
difference that the interfaces are designed to can/drive events on the trunks as per predefined
signaling requirement.

SIGNALLING PROCESSOR (SP) CARD

Signalling Processor (SP) processes the signaling information received from the terminal
cards. This signalling information consists of scan/drive functions like origination detection,
answer detection, digit reception, reversal detection, etc. The validated events are reported to
Terminal Interface Controller for further processing to relieve itself from real-time intensive
functions. Based on the information received from the Terminal Interface Controller, it also
drives the event on the selected terminal through scan/drive signals.

TERMINAL INTERFACE CONTROLLER (TIC) CARD

Terminal Interface Controller (TIC) controls the four terminal groups (TG) of 32 channels,
and multiplexes them to form a duplicated 128-channel, 8 Mbps link towards the Time
Switch (TS). For signalling information of 128- channels, it communicates with Signalling
Processor (SP) to receive/send the signalling event on analog terminations. It also uses one of
the 64 kbps channel out of 128 channels towards Time Switch, to communicate with Base
Processor Unit (BPU). In concentration mode, three other Terminal Units share this 128-
channel link towards the Time Switch to have 4:1 concentration.
Terminal Interface Controller is built around 8-bit microprocessor with associated memory
and interface and it is duplicated for redundancy.

SPECIAL SERVICE CARDS

A Terminal Unit has some special service cards such as Conference (CNF) Card to provide
six party conference. Speech samples from five parties are added by inbuilt logic and sent to
the sixth party to achieve conferencing. Terminal Test Controller (TTC) Card is used to test
analog terminal interfaces via the test access relays on the terminal cards.
Announcement Controller (ANN) Card provides 15 announcements on broadcast basis. Only
one service card of each type is equipped in a Base Module with provision of fixed slot for
TTC and variable slots for CNF/ANNC.
Announcement and Conference Cards are equipped in Terminal Unit through S/W MMC
command. Two slots are occupied by each card i.e. 16 channels for each card is used out of
128 channels available on a Bus between a TU and TS.

DIGITAL TERMINAL UNIT (DTU)

Digital Terminal Unit (DTU) is used exclusively to interface digital trunks. One set of Digital
Trunk Synchronization (DTS) card along with the Digital Trunk Controller (DTC) card is
used to provide one E-1 interface. Each interface occupies one TG of 32 channels and four
such interfaces share 4 TGs in a Digital Terminal Unit. The functions performed by TIC and
SP in Analog Terminal Unit, are collectively performed by the Terminal Unit Controller
(TUC) in the Digital Terminal Unit. The scan functions are - HDB3 to NRZ code conversion,
frame alignment and reconstitution of the received frame. The drive functions include
insertion of frame alignment pattern and alignment information. Each interface can be
configured as CAS or CCS interfaces.

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SIGNALLING UNIT MODULE (SUM)
Any one of the ATU or DTU in a BM can be replaced by SUM frame to support CCS7
signalling. Only one such unit is equipped in the exchange irrespective of its configuration or
capacity.

ISDN - TERMINAL UNIT (ISTU)

One of the four ATUs/ DTUs in a BM can be replaced by ISTU to provide BRI/PRI
interfaces in C-DOT DSS. The only constraint is that ISTU has to be principal TU i.e.
directly connected to TSU on 8 Mbps PCM link. The ATU/DTU cannot be used in
concentration with ISTU. By equipping one ISTU in the exchange, a max. Of 256 B channels
are available to the administrator which can be configured as BRI, PRI or any mix as per site
requirement. Depending on the requirement of number of ISDN-Interfaces, one or more
STUs can be integrated in C-DOT DSS, either in one BM or distributed across different
BMs.Time Switch Unit (TSU) implements three basic functions as time switching within the
Base Module, routing of control-messages within the Base Module and across Base Modules
and support services like MF/DTMF circuits, answering circuits, tones, etc. These functions
are performed by three different functional units, integrated as time switch unit in a single
frame.

BASE PROCESSOR CONTROLLER (BPC) CARD

BPC controls time switching within the Base Module via the Base Message Switch and the
Time Switch Controller. It communicates with the Administrative Processor via Base
Message Switch for operations and maintenance functions. In a SBM configuration, BPC
directly interfaces with the Alarm Display Panel and the Input Output Module.

SYSTEM RELIABILITY
The C-DOT DSS MAX is designed to meet the reliability standards as defined in the
specifications. The system uses fully digital techniques for switching including the subscriber
stage. The system is built using a minimal number of standard units/modules which allow
flexible growth of the exchange and easy up gradation in technology and new features. A
very important feature of C-DOT DSS MAX architecture is the extensive duplication of
units. All controller units are duplicated or have n+1 redundancy. Software design matches
the high degree of redundancy provided by hardware to minimize the system down time. To
minimize failures caused by human and/or software errors the C-DOT DSS MAX has
extensive software maintenance functions. The design of software is such that propagation of
software faults is contained and it provides sufficient checks to monitor the correct
functioning of the system. The facilities are in-built to ensure automatic software recovery on
detection of software faults. Whenever a faulty condition occurs the software provides for the
isolation of the faulty subsystem and automatically initiates diagnostic programs for
diagnostic purposes. The diagnostic programs have a design objective of localizing 95 of the
faults to a single PCB level and the rest to a two PCB level. Provision is also made for safety
of charge-records. The charging information is dumped at regular intervals to non-volatile
duplicated back-up memories automatically. The software maintenance functions include
data audits as well; as system integrity monitors and controls. Alarm Display Panel is
provided for a continuous indication of the system status. Audio-visual alarms are provided.

REMOTE SWITCH UNIT

Remote Switch Unit (RSU) is an integral part of C-DOT DSS architecture. In order to realize
a RSU, the normal BM can be modified for emoting with the host exchange via 2 Mbps
digital links. The number of 2 Mbps links between the Main Exchange and RSU is primarily
13
determined by the traffic. A maximum 16 PCMs can be provided between a RSU & Main
exchange. Analog and Digital trunk interfaces are also implemented in RSU to support direct
parenting of small exchanges from RSU itself instead of parenting it to the main exchange
which will ultimately save the media required from main exchange. As far as call processing
is concerned, RSU is an autonomous exchange capable of local-call completion. Operation
and maintenance functions are handled by the host exchange. In the event of failure of PCM
links, RSU goes into standalone mode of operation. In case it is not possible to process a call
request due to unavailability of links to the host, the subscriber is connected to appropriate
tone or announcement.

SUBSCRIBER FEATURE

INTRODUCTION

The C-DOT Digital Switching Systems offer a wide range of telephony features and
supplementary services. Further capabilities can be developed to meet specific customer
needs. Due to mandatory requirement of exchange of messages between the switching
systems and users equipment, some of the services are exclusively offered to ISDN
subscribers. In case of few of the services offered to PSTN and ISDN subscribers, the
implementation of services to PSTN subscribers may be partial and invocation procedure
may also differ.

PSTN (ANALOG) AND ISDN SUBSCRIBER SERVICES

The Subscriber services provided by C-DOT DSS MAX exchanges for PSTN (Analog) as
well as ISDN subscribers are-explained as per their logical grouping:

NUMBER IDENTIFICATION SERVICES

1) CALLING TINE IDENTIFICATION PRESENTATION (CLIP)

When this service is subscribed by a user as terminating facility, all the incoming calls are
offered to the user along with the details of calling party’s identity. In exceptional cases as
the calling party has subscribed CLIR or interworking constraints in the network, it will not
be possible to provide callers identity.

2) CALLING LINE IDENTIFICATION RESTRICTION (CLIR)

This service is offered to the calling party to restrict presentation of it's number to the called
party. When CLIR is subscribed, the originating exchange notifies the destination exchange
that the calling party's number is not allowed to be presented to the called party. The
terminating local exchange May indicate to called user that the calling user identity is
unavailable due to restriction.

3) CALLING LINE IDENTIFICATION RESTRICTION OVERRIDE (CLIRO)

Subscriber with CLIRO as terminating facility instead of CLIP, receives the call with the
calling line identification even if the calling party has requested that his (the calling party's)
identification should not be presented to the called user.
The CLIRO facility is offered at the discretion of the administration to special category
subscribers like the police, hospitals, operator positions and other emergency centers.
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4) MALICIOUS CALL IDENTIFICATION (MCID)
This facility is used for ascertaining the origin of malicious calls. During conversation the
subscriber has to use suitable procedure to notify the exchange about the malicious call. The
detail of the call is recorded in the exchange which can be retrieved later on. If the caller is
from an exchange which does not support identification of calling line, "junction identity" is
found and an Identification request" may be sent to the originating exchange by tee exchange
personnel.

CALL OFFERING SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICE

Call offering services permit the served user to request the network to divert the incoming
calls to a specific number. In call forwarding, the network forwards the call to a pre registered
number which can be specified by the user or exchange administrator.

1) CALL FORWARDING UNCONDITIONAL (CFU)

This service permits the served user to request the exchange to forward all incoming calls to
other Number. The served user's originating service remains unaffected. The other number
could be a fixed pre-determined number or a number specified by the subscriber in the
activation request.

2) CALL FORWARDING BUSY (CFB)

This service permits the served user to request the exchange to forward all incoming calls to
other number if the served users number is not free. The served user's originating service
remains unaffected.

3) CALL FORWARDING NO REPLY (CFNR)

This service permits the served user to request the exchange to forward all incoming calls
which are not replied with in ring timeout period. The served user's originating service
remains unaffected.

CALL COMPLETION SERVICES

1) CALL WAITING
A subscriber engaged in an existing call, is given an indication (Call Waiting tone or ZIP
tone) that another caller is attempting to connect to his number. The caller will hear ring back
tone. By flashing the hook-switch the called subscriber can talk with either party while
keeping the other on hold (acceptance without clearing). If the called subscriber replaces his
handset in response to the tone (acceptance by clearing), the exchange will automatically
extend ring to the subscriber and re-establish the connection on answer with the party
waiting.

2) CALL HOLD
This facility is used by the user to put the existing conversation on hold for the time being
and initiate a new call or receive a call in waiting. The call, which has been put on hold, is
retrieved by the user as and when it is required. The procedure of invocation to put the
conversation on hold and its subsequent retrieval is different for ISDN and PSTN subscribers.

MULTI-PARTY SERVICES
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1) THREE PARTY CONFERENCE
The three party call services enable the served user to establish, participate in, and control a
simultaneous communication involving the served user and two other parties. The served user
can request to convert two party conversations into a three party conference. During the three
party conversation, the served user can disconnect one party, disconnect the 3-way
conversation or choose to communicate privately with one of the parties, in which case the
call to the other party is held.

3) MULTI PARTY CONFERENCE (ADD-ON CONFERENCE)

The CONF (Add-on conference) service enables the served user to establish and control a
conference i.e. a simultaneous communication, involving of users (max. up to 6). When the
CONF service is invoked, the serving local exchange allocates conference resources to the
served user and adds any existing call indicated by the served user to the conference. On
successful invocation of conference the served user becomes the 'conference controller’. The
conference Controller may then add, drop, isolate, and reattach parties from the conference.
The conference controller can also hold and retrieve the conference (e.g. to add parties) and
finally end the conference.

MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES

1) HOT LINE (TIMED)

This service is also referred as a Fixed Destination Call with Time out. This allows a
subscriber to establish calls to a pre-registered number. After getting dial tone, if the
subscriber does not dial any digit for a specified minimum time, he is automatically
connected to the number already registered in the system. If subscriber dials digits before the
time-out, a normal connection is established in accordance with the dialed digits. Incoming
calls are not affected by this service.

2) HOT LINE {WITHOUT TIME-OUT)

This service is also referred a Fixed Destination Call - Immediate. This allows a subscriber to
establish calls to a pre-registered number by just lifting the handset. In this service such a
connection is set up immediately upon lifting the handset, hence the subscriber cannot dial
normal outgoing calls. Incoming calls are not affected by this service.

REMINDER CALL/ ALARM SERVICES

When this service is activated, the subscriber is offered a call initiated by the exchange at a
specified time/s. When the alarm call matures and is answered an announcement follows to
notify the alarm call.
This service is available in two forms:
a) In semiautomatic form, the booking is manual through exchange operator and the
execution is automatic. In this case, the operator needs to be 'local' operator, connected to the
system via a VDU.
b) In automatic form, the booking is done automatically by the subscriber through a control
procedure and its execution is also automatic.

4) SUBSCRIBER CONTROLLED CALL RESTRICTION SERVICES

Denying all calls to a line, while allowing it to originate calls as per current access level,
Denying various level of originations from a line (no ISO calls, no STD and ISD calls, only
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local calls and selected Level I services, etc.) while allowing incoming calls to terminate
normally on it.
Subscriber controlled barring offers flexibility to a subscriber to change outgoing restriction
by selecting one access level, using predefined procedure through secret password. To
maintain the secrecy of the password, the user can modify the password by using predefined
procedure.

5) INTRUSION BARRING SERVICE

For reasons of call security in terms of fully undisturbed call, subscriber can avail of intrusion
barring facility. This can be useful, for example, when data transmission is being effected on
the line.

6) DIALING BY TERMINAL EQUIPMENT NUMBER

Sometimes, a specific line/trunk, tone or announcement is to be accessed by its Terminal
Equipment Number (TEN) in the exchange. This is specifically required for dialing to lines
which do not have a directory number w in case of “directed call” via outgoing trunks. This
facility is used by the maintenance personnel as part of routine maintenance activities.

7) TRUNK OFFER
This service makes it possible for the operator to interrupt a call in progress, in order to allow
another incoming call to be offered. The choice of accepting or rejecting the new call rests
with the subscriber.

8) QUEUING SERVICE
This enables the subscriber to have one or more calls placed in a queue when his line/group
of lines are busy. When the subscriber line becomes free, the first caller in the queue is
connected and the other callers in the queue move one place ahead.

9) PRIORITY SUBSCRIBER
During overload and network congestion, priority service assures an improved service level
for priority subscribers such as those responsible for maintenance of law and order or
essential services. The priority subscribers are served even during overload due to heavy
traffic in the exchange via alternate group of trunks. A few trunks may be identified for these
purposes which are exclusively used by priority subscribers while normal subscribers are
denied access to them. The eligibility of priority subscribers for an alternate group of trunks
is programmed by the exchange administrator.

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