Investigation - the effect of adding or multiplying the data set on a standard deviation Here is a set of numbers: 4, 2, 0,9, 3,5,5,1, 4,6 ‘a Calculate the standard deviation of these numbers. b Now add 100 to all the numbers in the series: to get 104, 102, 100, 109, 103, 105, 105, 101, 104, 106, What happens to the mean? Calculate the standard deviation of this new set. Explain what you notice and why this happens. e Now multiply all of the values in the original list by 2 to get 8, 4,0, 18, 6, 10, 10, 2,8, 12. What happens to the mean? f Calculate the standard deviation. What will happen to the variance? Why? ao > Effect of constant changes to the original dat: If you add/subtract a constant value & to/from all the numbers in a list, the arithmetic mean increases/decreases by kebut the standard deviation remains the same. If you multiply /divide all the numbers in the list by a constant value k, both the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation are multiplied/divided by k. ‘You may be expected to use these rules in your exam. See question 3 in the non-GDC review exercise. Review exercise 1 Find a the mode, b the median, ¢ the mean and d the range of 1,7, 8, 2, 3, 6, 5, 10,3 2 Acclass collected the data on the number of pets in their home as shown in the table below. Pets 23.4 (51/6 7 8 9/10 f 3,910. 2.3/1 1/0 1 a. Calculate the mean number of pets b Calculate the median. © Write down the mode. AM-STYLE QUESTION ‘The mean age of a group of friends at the end of school is 17.5 years and the standard deviation is 0.4 years. They all meet again at the school reunion after 10 years. What is the new mean and standard deviation of their ages? Chapter 8PT EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS 4 A farmer grows two different types of sweetcorn and the season’s results are shown below. sen | malted eos mo 4% 5 8 aD Mass in gams Find a the median, b the range, ¢ the interquartile range for each type. 5. The mean of six numbers is 71. One number is 46, another is 92 and the other four numbers are all the same, a Find the total of all six numbers. b Find the value of one of the four missing numbers. If each of the six numbers is decreased by 9 find the mean of the new set of numbers. You could be asked to calculate the ‘mean using the formula or a GDC. You will only be expected to calculate the standard deviation or variance using a GDC, 6 a Draw a cumulative frequency graph for the data in the table. (Estimate fom your graph’ means that you should show the horizontal and vertical lines as working on your graph. Weight |150 <1 = 468 |155 6 7° 8 °9 10 racquets ft 3 11/43 90 172 13 64 410) 4 Find a themode b themedian the mean. } EXAM-STYLE QUESTION ‘The number of hours students study mathematics each night is given in the table, Hours 01/2 3)4/5/6 f 2)5.4)3/4/2 1 a. Find the mean, median, mode, standard deviation and variance. b Find the range, lower quartile and the interquartile range. 5 The histogram below shows the heights of the students in a high school in Peru, Ye 20 0 0 5 60 50. 40 £20 20 10 requeney OFho 150 260 170 180 190° Height (om) a Write down the modal class height. b Construct a grouped frequency table and calculate an estimate for the mean height of the Peruvian students. Chapter 8