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climate design
What a sustainable world we live in…
Sustainable development aims at equity and equilibrium.
We use resources many times more than poor regions in the world.
There is not enough space to spread our way of living.
Can this be called sustainability/volhoubaarheid? (South African)
1990 1 = 1 x 1 x 1
2040 ½ = 2 x 5 x 1/20
20
15
10 level needed
in 2000: 4.8
5 current level:
1.2 - 1.4
1
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
year
Climate change
Water and heat problems
Scarcity of resources
Depletion of fossil fuels
Wet Wet Wet
Threefold water surge
– Sea level rise
– More precipitation
– Increased fresh water supply from the mountains
Andy van den Dobbelsteen – Recent studies on sustainability – Aula TU Delft, 9th of September 2008
Dwelling types selected from 18 variants
Andy van den Dobbelsteen – Recent studies on sustainability – Aula TU Delft, 9th of September 2008
Landscape, urban plan, annual event
Urban heat island effect
Heat absorption by black tar roofs, building mass and pavement
Little green, little water
No urban pattern for cooling
Heat from vehicles, buildings,
industry and (increasingly)
air-conditioners
ecological
political
economical
ethical
For instance:
50% energy saving
Use of geothermal heat
Wind turbines along the coast
250 km2 of photovoltaics
Energy-neutral island of Samsø, Denmark
Natural circumstances
– geomorphology
– hydrology
– ecology
– natural landscape
– soil and underground
Man-made interventions
– cultural-technical landscape
– historical and technical elements
– the built surroundings
Climate types
The sun, our primary energy source
Where is the sun at 12 AM in summer?
13:40
12:40
An incremental approach
Bottom-line starting-points
Study of local circumstances
Synthesis into boundary conditions
Smart planning and design
Sustainable architecture: Rudy Uytenhaak
Dwelling (modern)
Heat: 1000 m3 gas = 8.8 MWhth
Electricity: 3500 kWh = 3.5 MWhel
Total: 12,3 MWh (all-electric)
Mobility
Car: 20.000 km, 8 l/100 km, so 1600 l diesel/petrol = 14 MWh
With an electro engine 4 x as efficient 3.5 MWh needed
Offices
Total approximately 100 kWh/m2 GFA
Energy a piece
Realistic annual yield of a unit of:
We need every square meter of surface when the fossils are gone!
Groningen
Fossil Free
Climate-robust
Free of fossil energy
(oil, gas, coal and waste heat
from these sources)
For instance:
50% energy saving
Use of geothermal heat
Wind turbines along the coast
250 km2 of photovoltaics
Only three roofs types allowed from now
The Energy Roof
– Generator of heat and power
– Rain water collector
– Reflector of solar radiation and active cooler
energy sources
nature and buildings infra-
sun wind water soil
agriculture and industry structure
energy potentials
fuel
electricity and
electricity storage
CO2 capture
interventions
energy-based plan
Energy potentials of Groningen
De Groene Compagnie
New proposal
IV: autarkische
kleine wijken
II: De Noorder-
compagnie
III: De Energie-
compagnie
I: Het Groene
Pioniersveld
Heat map for central Rotterdam
The exergy of energy
primary energy
waste heat
power
energy system
plant
industry
electricity
storage
horticulture
hotel and
catering
offices
dwellings
agriculture
waste
CURRENT SYSTEM into the environment
A more sustainable, low-ex system
primary energy
storage
electricity
horticulture
waste
hotel and
catering
offices
dwellings
agriculture
waste
Demand patterns of different functions
Tuning the supply and demand
REAP (Rotterdam Energy Approach & Planning)
reduce the utilise generate provide clean
demand waste flows sustainably & efficient
X
generate energy
connect to generate
clean & efficient
city communal sustainable
with fossil
energy grid energy centrally
resources centrally
exchange &
generate
balance or
sustainable
district cascade energy
energy
on the district
on the district level
scale
X
generate
generate energy
avoid energy re-use sustainable
clean & efficient
demand by waste flows energy
building architectural on the building on the
with fossil
resources on the
measures scale neighbourhood
building scale
level
City: from intensive care to intelligent organism
[image: Eric Verdult]
E-novation
In 15 years, 90% of the building stock will be equal to now.
With the same (energetic) rubbish we produced in the 1950s-1980s…
Renovating the existing building stock is the most effective we can do.
Not just for the sake of sustainability, but more so for the dwellers.
The worst buildings are inhabited by the poorest.
They will have to pay enormous energy bills. Soon!
That’s BK City
BK City Slim – catalogue of possibilities
The standard solution
(Wrap-up: post-insulation, replacing windows, upgrading building services)
A technical approach
(Mass: LTH/HTC floors and walls, heat recovery, heat pumps, heat/cold storage)
Local approach
(Box in box: cabins in large spaces, local heating/cooling, wrap up internally)
Innovations
(Breathing Windows, heat-radiating furniture, greenhouse over the building)
Children younger than 15 years are too late for a significant role.