Java Network Programming

©Miguel Sánchez 2010

 Outline

Sockets in Java
TCP Sockets
UDP Sockets
Multithreading
 The Sockets
Interface
To communicate you have to
connect the two ends
 Sockets in Java

The sockets API is

available in many
languages

Protocol stack is part

of most Operating
Systems

Java provides a clean

and easy access to the
sockets
A socket is an end-point
 Socket Address

Two kinds of sockets:

tcp & udp

Each socket:

IP address

port number
 Java Sockets

Socket classes belong to java.net

package
Socket, ServerSocket &
DatagramSocket
Each type works quite differently
Java help is your friend: read it
Sockets on the command line?

Many tools available:

sock (lab#2)

nc (or netcat)

telnet (tcp only)

 TCP client

Client starts the connection the server

Socket s=new Socket(“hostname”,25);
Connection is closed by:
s.close();
Something else in between is desired!
 Socket Input/Output

TCP provides a data stream

Byte-oriented vs. line-oriented I/O
Scanner & PrintWriter
InputStream & OutputStream
UDP exchanges byte arrays only
 Exception handling

Some methods can cause Exceptions

Exceptions may be caught to be handled
by your code
Exceptions can be thrown not to be
handled by your code
try/catch vs throws clauses
 Basic TCP client

It connects to a web server

It sends a request

It receives and prints the response

public static void main(String args[]) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {

! Socket s=new Socket("www.upv.es",80);

! Scanner in=new Scanner(s.getInputStream());

! PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(),true);

! out.println("GET / HTTP/1.0");
! out.println();

! while(in.hasNext()) System.out.println(in.nextLine());
! }
}
 Basic TCP server

Server waits for a new connection from a client

Server transmits a message to the client and

closes the connection
import java.net.*;
Repeat import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class ServerTCP {
public static void main(String args[]) throws UnknownHostException,
IOException {
! ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8888);
! while(true) {
! ! Socket s = ss.accept();
! ! Scanner in=new Scanner(s.getInputStream());
! ! PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(),true);
! ! out.println("Hello Client!");
! ! s.close();
! ! }
! }
}
 Multithread servers

cli1
Several clients can be
server AT ONCE
cli2 server
Use of fork

Use of Threads (Java)

cli3
 Threads in Java

Your class extends Thread class

Code of thread is defined on run() method

start() method call will start running a new thread of

excution
class MyThread extends Thread {
public void run() { // thread code here
while(true) System.out.print("T");
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Thread t = new MyThread();
t.start();
while(true) System.out.print("M");
}
}
 Basic Concurrent Server

What is the difference from basic server?

import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class CServerTCP extends Thread {
PrintWriter myOut=null;
public CServerTCP(PrintWriter out) { myOut=out; }
public void run() {myOut.println("Hello Client!"); }
public static void main(String args[]) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
! ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8888);
! while(true) {
! ! Socket s = ss.accept();
! ! Scanner in=new Scanner(s.getInputStream());
! ! PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(),true);
! ! new CServerTCP(out).start();
! ! }
! }
}
 UDP Sockets

DatagramSocket sends/receives
DatagramPacket objects
A DatagramPacket has a data buffer in
the form of a byte array
Destination address is defined for each
DatagramPacket (remember: no
connection here!)
 Sample UDP sender

Addresses are expressed as InetAddress

Buffer length changes with content
nc -u -l 7777
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class UDPsender {
public static void main(String args[]) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
! DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(12345);
! byte buffer[] = new String("Hello World!\n").getBytes();
! InetAddress dst = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
! DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length,dst,7777);
! ds.send(dp);!
! }
}
 UDP echo server

Returns datagram back to the sender

import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

class UDPecho {
public static void main(String args[]) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
! DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(12345);
! byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];
! DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length);
! for(;;) {
! ! ds.receive(dp);!
! ! dp.setAddress(dp.getAddress()); // back to the sender
! ! dp.setPort(dp.getPort());
! ! ds.send(dp);
! ! }
! }
}
 Multiprotocol server

Several protocols are

handled by the same
server program

It can be like an
extended concurrent
server with serveral
types of threads
Now it is your time to start coding!