Visual Aid

Non-communicable

Disease

Non-Communicable Diseases

- Diseases that cannot be passed from one person to another.

They are not caused by pathogens. They can affect any system
of your body.

Chronic Diseases

- Non-communicable diseases can be treated to relieve the

symptoms. But they cannot be completely cured. As a result,
people non-communicable disease may live with it for all or
most of their lives.

Examples of non-communicable diseases are;

 Hypertension
 Diabetes
 Asthma
 Bronchitis

What causes non-communicable disease?

- These diseases may be caused by poor health habit or by

exposure to harmful substances.

Heredity

- Non-communicable diseases come from inherited traits. These

diseases are inherited by a child from his or her parents.

Two such disorders are;

 Cystic Fibrosis
 Down Syndrome

ENVIRONMENT AND LIFESTYLE

Chronic diseases

- Diseases that last a long time.

Cystic fibrosis

- Is a glandular disorder.
 Visual Aid

Down syndrome

- Is an inherited condition caused by extra chromosome.

SOME COMMON NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

1. Cancer

- Disease in which the body cells change and begin to multiply

faster than normal cells. They can reproduce so quickly that
they crowd out normal cells.

WARNING SIGN OF CANCER

 Changed bowel or bladder habits.

 Any kind of sore that does not heal.
 Unusual bleeding or discharge.
 Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing.
 Thickening or lumps in any part of the body.
 Obvious change in wart, mole, or birthmark.
 Nagging cough or hoarseness in the throat.

2. Circulatory diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases

- Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are called cardiovascular

diseases. Some are brought on by a person’s way of living.

One of the most common cardiovascular diseases is,

 Chronic hypertension or high blood

- On the wall of blood vessels increase to more than normal.
Regular blood pressure screenings are a way to detect
hypertension early. Untreated hypertension may cause other
diseases.
 Atherosclerosis
- Fat builds up on the inner walls of the arteries. In the long
run, these fat deposits become hard. They can narrow the
arteries and make the artery wall hard. The heart then must
exert itself to pump blood throughout the body.
 Cholesterol
- Formed by the animal fats in our diet and can contribute to
fat build-ups in the arteries.
 Coronary Heart Disease
- A condition in which the heart itself does not get enough
blood.
 Visual Aid

3. Respiratory System Disease

- Diseases of lungs and bronchial tubes are called Respiratory

Conditions.
 Asthma
- An allergic disease that causes breathing difficulty. Asthma
might be caused by an allergic reaction to smoke, dust,
certain foods or certain medicines.
 Chronic bronchitis
- Disease of the bronchial tubes and smaller air tubes in the
lungs. The mucous membrane lining these tubes become irritated
and infected.
- The disease can be treated by curing the infection and
removing what causes the irritation.
 Two common causes are;
 Tobacco Smoke
 Air Pollution
 Diabetes
- Condition when the blood sugar is too high. Blood sugar is
controlled by insulin, a hormone made by a special group of
cells in the pancreas.

Major Types of Diabetes:

Type 1

People with this type of diabetes need daily injections of

insulin. They need to maintain proper diet and regular exercise. This
affects primarily children and young adults.

Type 2

People with this type of diabetes may not need to take insulin.
Sometimes they can control their diabetes with regular exercise,
proper diet, and medicine. Most older adults experience type 2
diabetes.

4. Nervous and Muscular System Diseases

 Multiple sclerosis
- Destroys the covering of the nerves of the brain and spinal
cord. Without this covering, messages from the brain do not
reach the proper muscles. The message may be stopped or
weakened.