Annotated Bibliography

Chtourou, Hamdi. “Benefits of Music on Health and Athletic Performance.”

Journal of Communications Research, vol. 5, no. 4, Nov. 2013, pp. 491–506.

EBSCOhost,

sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=tr

ue&db=ufh&AN=93708110&site=eds-live.

According to Hamdi Chtourou in his article Benefits of Music on Health and Athletic

Performance, that was published by Nova Science Publishers in 2013, music can not only be

seen as a way of expression and as just something to listen to, but rather as a big influencer on

the mental, physical, and overall health of people. Chtourou’s data, clear evidence of improved

athletic performance showed through the simple application of music. The more rhythmic beats

that a song had, the more energetic a person felt, thus having more endurance and motivation to

complete a certain athletic act. In this test/experiment, the findings show that music does indeed

play a factor on the athletic performance of a person.

The writer's purpose in writing this is to show that music does in fact play a factor in the

improvement of athletic performance. It also has an effect on the mental, physical, and emotional

states of a person. The writer’s audience is anyone who wants to see and learn more about the

connection with music and sport or music and health. I will use this information in my essay as

evidence that music is indeed a form of therapy in a way to help with coping and to help with

people’s mental health.

How Social Media Effects Teenagers' Mental Health | NorthShore,

www.northshore.org/healthy-you/how-social-media-effects-teenagers-mental-health/.

Accessed on 30 October 2018

 According to Lara J. Jakobsons, a psychologist at NorthShore, social media can have an

immense effect on the mental health of teens. For example it creates skewed perceptions and

social comparison. This allows for the want to fit in, often resulting in social pressure. Jakobsons

however, also discusses that with communication, education, and monitoring of social media, it

can be used in a safe method. It’s all about exposure. The more they are exposed to social media,

the more likely they are to be in harm’s way of developing a mental illness.

The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to educate people on the dangers that social

media has on teens. The audience of this piece is mostly parents with teenagers because it lists

things that they can do as parents to ensure their kids’ safety from the dangers of social media.

This is more of a specific audience because mostly parents that are concerned about their child’s

social media well-being are likely to read this article. The article was published by the

NorthShore University HealthSystem, ensuring credibility and reliability because they are well

educated in mental illnesses and such. It was published in 2018 so it is very recent so it can be

applied to the teens of today’s society.

The writer of this piece is Lara J. Jakobsons, a psychologist. The author is credible

because they specialize and carry a degree surrounding mental illnesses and other areas similar to

that subject. The source is reliable because it is a .org website and it is also published by the

NorthShore University HealthSystem, a credible source as well. Another reason why this source

is reliable is because there is little to no bias throughout the article, meaning the information is

fact based instead of opinion based. All in all, this source passes the criteria of the CRAAP test.

I will use this information in my research paper to prove how dangerous social media is

to teens regarding mental illnesses. This helps answer my research question because it proves

that society’s tools such as social media and social pressure do indeed play a part in the
development of a mental illnesses among people, especially teens. The more time a person

spends on social media, the more in danger they are to develop a mental illness. Social media is a

great device that allows us to connect with other people and such but if used irresponsibly, it can

also be our greatest enemy, regarding mental health.

Levine, Bruce. "Mental Illness Is Overdiagnosed." Mental Illness, edited by Noah Berlatsky,

Greenhaven Press, 2016. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010154287/OVIC?u=dayt30401&sid=OVIC&xid

=31ede458. Accessed 18 Oct. 2018. Originally published as "Why the Rise of Mental

Illness? Pathologizing Normal, Adverse Drug Effects, and Peculiar Rebellion,"

Madinamerica.com, 31 July 2013.

According to Bruce Levine, a clinical psychologist, there has been an immense

increase of mental illnesses diagnosis. He attributes this overdiagnosis to three factors.

The first one being the lack of knowledge of mental illnesses such as not knowing the

difference between sadness and depression and then anxiety and nervous, for example.

The second one is giving antipsychotic medications, they turn out to actually worsen the

state of the “mental illness”. Lastly, he states that American culture is to blame. The way

society portrays mental illnesses plays a big role on how they are treated.

The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to persuade the reader into seeing

why his viewpoint is correct. He uses facts, statistics, and other pieces of evidence to do

his persuading. The audience for this piece is people who want to hear the different

stance that there is on mental illnesses with society. This is more of a specific audience

because only people that are truly interested in this subject, will want to read it. Since it
 was published in 2013, it makes the points that he is making for the most part valid,

because they are fairly recent (only a 5 year difference).

The writer of this article is Bruce Levine, a clinical psychologist. The author is

credible because he is a clinical psychologist meaning he is specialized and has a degree

in this area, mental illnesses. The source is reliable because it has no advertisements, has

a credible and reliable writer, and was found through Sinclair’s library database. The

source is also fairly recent, adding yet another reason as it why it is a reliable source to

use. Basing the credibility of this article off the CRAAP test, this is a highly reliable and

credible source because it passes the criteria of the CRAAP test.

I will use this information to make the argument that mental illnesses are being

overdiagnosed. This will help answer my research question because since my research

question was on the types of effects society has on mental illnesses and their treatment,

this will answer how the treatment of mental illnesses is affected based on society.

Society has somehow romanticized mental illnesses. This explains why so many people

say they have “depression” and “anxiety” when in reality they are just feeling sad or

nervous. Although the two seem to be fairly similar, they are not. Society has glamorized

mental illnesses to such an extent, that they are being over-diagnosed.

“Mental Health: Overcoming the Stigma of Mental Illness.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for

Medical Education and Research, 24 May 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-

conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health/art-20046477.

Accessed 30 October 18

According to the Mayo Clinic, which specializes in mental illnesses, there is a negative

stigma on mental illnesses. This stigma then leads to the discrimination of people who have
mental illnesses. The discrimination plays a result on the person with the mental illness and

makes them think they will never succeed and that they are just who they are and they can’t do

anything about it, feel like there is no need to get help or treatment, and makes them more of a

victim to bullying and harassment. Fortunately, there are ways to cope with this stigma. Some of

these ways include, getting treatment, joining a support group, speaking out against stigma, etc.

The important thing to understand is that although a society’s mindset and view of something is

powerful and impactful, an individual is stronger and should not society affect their view of

themselves or their ability to seek for help if needed.

The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to educate. They want to educate people of

the harms that mental illness stigmas have on individuals with mental illnesses. The audience for

this piece is people who want to educate themselves more on the effects of mental illness stigmas

on individuals. This is a specific audience because only people that are truly interested in this

subject will want to read and learn more about it. The article being written by the Mayo Clinic in

2017 makes the information to be more impactful because it demonstrates it has credibility and

reliability for the information that it presents.

The writer of this piece is the Mayo Clinic Staff. The author is credible because their

specialty is mental illnesses and the help and treatment for it, so they would know about the

treatments of mental illnesses that are used in today’s society. I know the source is reliable

because it is a .org site instead of just a simple .com. I also know it is a reliable source because it

is coming straight off of the Mayo Clinic website. Another reason why this is reliable is because

it is very recent. It was published in 2017, which is only about a year ago, so the information is

current, making it credible. Also since its motive is to inform, there is no bias throughout the
article, making it a good source to use. Since it passes the components of the CRAAP test, this is

a good reliable source to use.

I will use the information presented in this article to show that the way society views

mental illnesses does indeed have an affect on whether or not a person with a mental illness

seeks help or not. According to this article, society has a negative stigma towards people with

mental illnesses, making people with mental illnesses feel reluctant or hesitant to seek the help

that they need. This article will help me answer my research question because it answers the

question of how much of an impact society truly has on the treatment of mental illnesses. People

want to fit into society so if society does not like people with mental illnesses then those people

will be in denial and thus refuse to seek help or treatment. Society’s opinion on mental illnesses

affects how people with mental illnesses are viewed by their fellow members of society and most

importantly, themselves.

Office of the Surgeon General (US). “Chapter 2 Culture Counts: The Influence of Culture and

Society on Mental Health.” Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity: A Supplement

to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General., U.S. National Library of Medicine,

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44249/.

Accessed 23 October 2018

Society has an impact on mental illnesses and their treatment, whether humans want to

believe it or not. There are many causes for mental illnesses that vary all around the world.

However, the two most powerful causes are social and cultural factors. Each society has different

cultures and social norms and such however, one thing that all societies share is that all their

individuals want to be liked by their fellow members of society. This causes them to adapt to the

mindsets and attitudes that the general society has, to fit in. If society views mental illnesses as
bad and a disease then no one wants to admit they have one and are more reluctant to seek

treatment and help. Vice versa, if society places a great deal of importance on the mental states

of individuals, more people will be inclined to go seek treatment and help if they have a mental

illness. Society plays a big factor on the actions, feelings, and beliefs relating to mental illnesses.

The writer’s purpose in writing this is to educate. The audience for this piece is people

wanting to learn about mental health and how it is tied to culture. This is more of a specific

audience because only the people interested or invested in this subject will be wanting to read

this. The piece is also part of a textbook so it is written in a manner suitable for learning and easy

flow with definitions and a wide amount of explanations. It being published by the National

Institute of Mental Health (US) in 2001 makes it for the most part highly reliable because the

National Institute of Mental Health is a very reputable and trusted source of information and

credibility.

This passes the CRAAP test because it has all the needed criteria for it to be a good

trusted source of information. For example, since the author is the National Institute of Mental

Health (US), it is a very credible and reliable source of information on the topic. The internet

source is also highly reliable because it is a dot gov instead of a dot com. Like, mentioned

earlier, the purpose of this is to educate so there is no bias or persuasion throughout the source

which means it focuses heavily on facts instead of opinions. All in all, this source of information

passes the CRAAP test, making it a trustable source to use.

I will use this information to make the statement that mental health is affected by both

culture and society. Since my research question was on the types of effect that society has on the

treatment and view of mental illnesses, this source has provided information, stating that it

affects the person with the mental illnesses and their view of themselves and actions towards
what they have and feel. The way that individuals interact with the rest of society plays a big role

on how people act. Everyone wants to be liked so they tend to do what society pleases more.

Hence, people with mental illnesses are inclined to act and behave the way society wants them

to.

Rodgers, Debra. “Community Music as a Vehicle for Tackling Mental Health-Related Stigma.”

London Review of Education, vol. 15, no. 3, Nov. 2017, pp. 474–487. EBSCOhost,

sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

=eric&AN=EJ1163211&site=eds-live.

Accessed on 30 October 2018

According to Debra Rodgers from the University of Canterbury Christ Church

University, community music can be used as a way for tackling the negative mental- health

related stigma. It delivers a message in a form everyone likes and enjoys, music. By doing so

many more people can hear the message behind being mentally healthy.

The writer’s purpose in writing this is to prove that community music could and can be

used as a way for tackling mental-health related stigma. The audience for this piece is anyone

who wants to know more about mental-health related stigmas and how they can be defeated. This

is more towards a specific audience because it targets the people who want to know more about

mental-health related stigmas. This piece was published in 2017, meaning it is fairly recent,

meaning that it can be applied to today’s society. This thus makes the information that it is

proving to be reliable. This piece was also scholarly reviewed, meaning that it provides reliable

information.
 The writer of the piece is Debra Rodgers from the Canterbury Christ Church University.

Although she herself is not extremely credible, her piece of writing being scholarly reviewed is

what holds and maintains the credibility. She also has a total of 52 references throughout her

paper, meaning that the claims that she makes are supported and backed up by credible sources.

This piece of paper was written in 2017 which means that the information is fairly new and

updated, meaning that it passes the CRAAP’s criteria on time/date of publication. Because it

passes the CRAAP criteria, this is a good source to use.

I will use this information to support the opposing side of my research topic. I am arguing

that social media and society in general plays a negative part and increases the development of

and mal treatment of mental illnesses. This article however is on the stance that music can be

used to help society eliminate the negative stigma on mental illnesses. It argues that with music,

more awareness has been raised towards mental health, and thus helping people deal with them

in better ways. Although this may be true, I will then bring the argument back to how society

does more bad then good when talking about mental health.