Papi Adb

Instruction Manual
AM.02.512e Edition 3
Precision Approach
Path Indicator
(P.A.P.I.)
Type
PPL 400/2
PPL 600/2
AM.02.512e edition 3
Record of Change AM.02.512e
Revision Description Editor Checked Date

1.0 First edition TXA WL
2.0 Lay out modified TXA WL 6/ 98
3.0 Inclusion of PAPI 600/2 in manual MR VI/WL 6/00
1
Safety Instructions
Safety Operating and maintenance personnel should refer to ICAO Annex 14 chapter 9,
precautions Airport Services Manual Part 9, “Airport Maintenance Practices” and to FAA
Advisory Circular AC 150/5340-26 "Maintenance of Airport Visual Aid Facilities" for
instructions on maintenance requirements and on safety precautions. Personnel
must always observe the safety regulations. The equipment has been designed
and manufactured to allow safe and secure operation, however, the following rules
must be strictly observed.
Keep away from Operating and maintenance personnel must always observe all safety regulations.
live circuits
Do not change lamps or components or make adjustments to equipment when the
light circuit is switched on.
See FAA Advisory Circular AC 150/5340-26 concerning safety.
Resuscitation Operating and maintenance personnel should get acquainted with the resuscitation
techniques described in the First Aid Instruction Manual as issued by the Red
Cross Organisation or similar.
2
Use Restriction Notice and Warranty
Use restriction This Instruction Manual is the property of

notice
n.v. ADB s.a.
585, Leuvensesteenweg
B-1930 Zaventem - Belgium
Tel. 32 2 722 17 11 Fax 32 2 722 17 64
E-mail : adb-air@adb.be
Internet: http://www.atd.siemens.de/airports
This manual or parts thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without ADB's prior written consent.
Warranty N.v. ADB s.a. guarantees that the performance of the products described in this
manual, when sold by ADB or its licensed representatives, meets the requirements
of ICAO Annex 14 volume 1 and FAA specification AC 150/5345-46.
Any defect in design, material or workmanship, which may occur during proper and
normal use over a period of one (1) year from date of installation or a maximum of
18 months from date of shipment, will be replaced by ADB free of charge, ex
works. Operational failure resulting from lamp burnt out, improper maintenance or
installation, damage due to runway maintenance equipment, snow ploughs or
aircraft arresting gear hooks is not considered a result of proper use and is beyond
the scope of the warranty.
The above constitutes the limits of ADB’s liabilities in connection with the product
covered by this manual.
3
Information About this Manual
Chapter Each chapter starts with an overview of the topics of that chapter.
overview
Using icons Icons are used to attract the attention of the reader to specific information. The
meaning of each icon is described in the table below:
Icon Type of Description

information
Note A ‘note’ provides information that is not indispensable, but may
nevertheless be valuable to the reader, such as hints and tips.
Caution A ‘caution’ is used when there is danger that the reader, through
incorrect manipulation, may damage equipment, get an unexpected
result or has to restart (part of) a procedure.
Warning A ‘warning’ is used when there is danger of personal injury.
Reference A ‘reference’ guides the reader to other places in this manual, where
he/she will find additional information on a specific topic.
Parts Parts identification symbols (e.g. A1, B4, …) appearing in the text refer to the page
Identification 46 .
Comments and This manual has been compiled with all possible care and in view of providing a
Proposals valuable and practical tool to the Airport Maintenance personnel.
We encourage customers to address us their comments and proposals for
improving further the contents of this manual.
Communications should be addressed to the “ATM department” of ADB:
4
Table of content
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS .........................................................................2

USE RESTRICTION NOTICE AND WARRANTY............................................3
INFORMATION ABOUT THIS MANUAL .......................................................4
TABLE OF CONTENT ..............................................................................5
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION AND REQUIREMENTS ......................6
Overview ................................................................................................................6
General information................................................................................................7
Equipment data ......................................................................................................8
Operational conditions for A(PAPI) ..................................................................... 10
What the pilot sees.............................................................................................. 11
CHAPTER 2: PAPI OR APAPI LOCATION AND INSTALLATION ................13
Overview ............................................................................................................. 13
Location of a (A) PAPI on a runway without ILS................................................. 14
Location of a (A) PAPI on a runway without ILS, continued ............................... 17
Location of a (A) PAPI on a runway without ILS, continued ............................... 17
Harmonisation of the (A)PAPI location with the ILS ........................................... 18
Installation ........................................................................................................... 23
PAPI wiring.......................................................................................................... 27
Levelling of units ................................................................................................. 29
Checking slope angles of the light beams .......................................................... 34
Reference bases for checking stick .................................................................... 35
Electrical connection ........................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER 3: MAINTENANCE.................................................................37
Overview ............................................................................................................. 37
Preventive maintenance ..................................................................................... 38
How to replace a lamp ........................................................................................ 39
How to replace the filters .................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER 4: TROUBLESHOOTING .........................................................41
CHAPTER 5: ASSEMBLIES AND EXPLODED VIEWS .................................42
Overview ............................................................................................................. 42
Assemblies.......................................................................................................... 43
Exploded view PPL 400/2 ................................................................................... 46
Exploded view PPL 600/2 ................................................................................... 46
Description of part names ................................................................................... 47
5
Chapter 1: General Information and Requirements
Overview
Introduction In this chapter you will find all the information about the supplied and not-supplied
(but necessary) equipment for installation and maintenance of the ADB PAPI units
PPL 400/2 and PPL 600/2.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics.
Topic See Page

General information 7
Equipment data 8
Operational conditions for A(PAPI) 10
What the pilot sees 11
6
General information
Application Annex 14 Part 5.3.5.1 lists the conditions where a visual approach slope indicator
system should be provided :
a) Runways used by turbojet or other aeroplanes with similar approach guidance
requirements ;
b) The pilot of any aeroplane may have difficulty in judging the approach due to :
1) Inadequate visual guidance - water, featureless terrain by day or the
absence of sufficient extraneous lights by night, or
2) Misleading information produced by deceptive surrounding terrain or runway
slopes;
c) The presence of objects in approach area involving serious hazard if the plane
descends below normal approach path;
d) Physical conditions at either end of the runway present a serious hazard in
event of aeroplane undershooting or overshooting runway; and
e) Terrain or prevalent meteorological conditions are such that aeroplane may be
subjected to unusual turbulence during approach.
PAPI’s may either be installed on the left side of the approached runway
(=Unilateral PAPI) on each side of it (=Bilateral PAPI). Bilateral PAPI’s are
recommended to gain visual roll guidance in VFR or non-precision approach
systems
What makes The features that make a PAPI system so successful are :
the PAPI so
• Digital feature of the sharp transition which enables the pilot to know his precise
successful?
position on the approach slope and to detect immediately and distinctively any
deviation from the correct path.
• The concentrated origin of the information which defines a narrow channel, the
height of which reducing as the range reduces, and allows for compatibility with
ILS, down to less than 1000 feet from touchdown.
Purpose of this This manual provides general, operation, troubleshooting, maintenance and
manual installation information.
Refer to the table of contents to locate the information you need.
Scope of this This manual covers the ADB type PPL 400/2 PAPI and PPL 600/2 units in full
manual compliance with ICAO requirements Annex 14, Volume I paragraph 5.3.5.23
through 5.3.5.45.
They also comply with FAA L-880 specification AC 150/5345-28D and with NATO
specification, STANAG 3316.
7
Equipment data
Equipment A PAPI system consists of 4 units (or 2 in case of an APAPI). Each unit consists
supplied of a main housing bearing two (PPL 400/2) or three (PPL 600/2) optical channels.
The units are supplied with a fully gasketed cover, mounting legs and connection
cables.
Most of the components are made of aluminium protected against corrosion,
optical glassware and stainless steel.
The units are supplied precisely calibrated, with the lamps already mounted in the
units.
Equipment In the table below you will find a list of the optional equipment, required for
required, installation, but not supplied with the PAPI unit itself.
but not
supplied Description Quantity
Spanner open ended (for 2” cap) 67mm 1
Spanner open ended (breakable coupling) 54mm 1
Set of standard open ended for spanners hexagon screws 1
Aiming device 1
Drilling jig (for FAA breakable legs) 1
Positioning frame (if mounted with non-frangible anchoring legs) 1
Connection kit (optional) containing: 1
- Mechanical cable protection between unit and conduit in the
ground.
Depending on the system design : 1/PAPI unit
- 2 or 3 conduit elbows with stoppers
- L-867-B bases with cover
200W 6,6/6,6A RST type series transformers 2 or 3/ PAPI unit
Note: Where approaching angles higher than normal (> 5°) are required
(stolports and heliport applications), a set of bias washers will be
required for each unit.
8
Equipment data, continued
PAPI data Below you find the technical characteristics of both the PPL 400/2 and PPL 600/2.
Overview The table below lists technical data of the PPL 400/2:
Data Specifications
Type PPL 400/2 PPL 600/2
Lamps 2 × 200W quartz per unit 3 × 200W quartz per unit
Input current 6,6 A 6,6 A
Rated lamp life 1000 hours 1000 hours
Luminous intensity in red +/- 20000 Cd Max. +/-22000 Cd Max
light 15000Cd min over –7° to 15000Cd min over –7° to
+7° Horizontal and 4° Vert. +7° Horizontal and 4° Vert.
Transmission factor of red > 15% > 15%
sensor
Transmission sector 3’ arc over the full beam 3’ arc over the full beam
spread spread
Temperature range for - 35°C to + 55°C - 35°C to + 55°C
operation
Humidity 0% to 100% 0% to 100%
Wind Velocities up to 161 km per velocities up to 161 km per
hour hour
Degree of Protection IP34 IP34
Ordering codes and reference data pertinent to the equipment are listed in the
tables on page 43.
In order to better match the light output of other AGL-Products the PAPI units may
Note :
be equipped with 100W lamps (luminous intensity reduced by ~ 50%).
This may be the case in medium or low intensity airport lighting systems, as well
as for the use as APAPI.
9
Operational conditions for A(PAPI)
Introduction The operation conditions for the PAPI system are explained below.
Normal The PAPI system must operate continuously when the runway is in service.
operation
When Intensity setting
During the day:
• When aircraft are approaching Use the high intensity setting
(100%).
• When no aircraft are approaching Reduce to the normal standby
setting.
At night The system may operate
continuously at 30% brightness or
less.
Failure to adopt this practice will result in an increased consumption of

lamps.
Regions with Units should operate continuously at normal standby brightness, even when the
heavy snowfall runway is not in use. Any snow will thus melt and drain off.
and frost
It is advisable to have separate constant current regulators for each PAPI system
(instead of circuit selectors) so that all the systems can be operated
simultaneously under snowstorm conditions.
When snowfall is expected to bury the units, the location of the units should
be marked with sticks or flags (approx. 2 m high), to prevent damage to the units
by snow removal equipment.
As an option, ADB provides PAPI units with a heating system.
10
What the pilot sees.
Introduction The PAPI system consists of a bar of four units, each one producing a light beam
divided into an upper white and a lower red sector.
Colour When viewed by an observer at a distance of 300m (1000 feet), the transition from
transition red light to white light occurs within an angle of three minutes of arc at the beam
centre and within an angle of 3 minutes of arc.
Installation The units are installed on a line perpendicular to the runway centre line and are set
in elevation at varying angles, the difference between adjacent units is normally
20’ of arc.
Illustration This illustration shows you what the pilot will see during the landing procedure:
PAPI
Too high
Slightly high
On slope
Slightly low
On slope Too low
APAPI
11
What the pilot sees, Continued
Introduction The approach slope is The pilot will see

> 30’ (35’) of arc away from The four units in the same colour.
the correct slope
I.e. red below the correct slope and white above.
> 10’ (15’) and < 30’ (35’) of Three units of the same colour and only one of the
arc from the correct slope other colour.
Correct Two red lights on the runway side and two white
lights outwards.
Values between brackets are the deviations generally adopted in order to improve
the harmonisation with the ILS.
Bilateral PAPI’s (=a PAPI system on each side of the runway) are recommended
to gain visual roll guidance in VFR or non-precision approach systems
12
Chapter 2: PAPI or APAPI location and installation
Overview
Introduction This chapter instructs you on how to position the (A) PAPI systems and how to
install the PPL 400/2 and PPL 600/2.
Receiving, 1. Upon receipt of goods at the site store, check all packing for visible damage.
storage and Every damaged box should be opened and its content inspected for damage.
unpacking
If equipment is damaged, a claim form shall be filed with the carrier
immediately. It may then be necessary for the carrier to inspect the equipment.
2. Store the light assembly preferably in its original packing in a protected area.
When stored unpacked, please take care not to damage the cable insulation.
3. Unpack the light assembly at the installation site to avoid damage during
transportation and handling.
Topic See Page

Location of a (A) PAPI on a runway without ILS 14
Harmonisation of the (A)PAPI location with the ILS 18
Installation 23
PAPI wiringPAPI wiringPAPI wiring 27
Levelling of units 29
Checking slope angles of the light beams 34
Reference bases for checking stick 35
Electrical connection 35
13
Location of a (A) PAPI on a runway without ILS
Introduction When a runway is not provided with an ILS, it is vital to ensure that an adequate
wheel clearance over threshold is provided by the (A)PAPI.
To comply with specifications of threshold wheel clearance, aircraft’s have been

classified in four groups, according to their eye to wheel height (EWH).
Eye to wheel The table below lists the wheel clearance over threshold for PAPI and APAPI in
group selection ICAO Annex 14, Table (5-2).
Eye to wheel height of aeroplane in Desired wheel Minimum

the approach configuration (1) clearance (2) wheel
clearance (3)
Up to but not including 3 m 6 3
3 m up to but not including 5 m 9 4
For selecting the "eye to wheel height (EWH)" group, only aeroplanes meant to
use the system on a regular basis shall be considered. The most demanding
amongst such aeroplanes shall determine the eye-to-wheel height group (EWH).
Desired wheel clearances shown in column 2 shall normally be provided. The
wheel clearances in column 2 may be reduced to those in column (3) where an
aeronautical study indicates that such reduced wheel clearances are acceptable.
Eye to wheel Refer to Appendix 6 of Aerodrome Design Manual Part 4 to find the eye to wheel
and eye to aerial and eye to aerial heights of aeroplanes.
heights
14
Location of a (A) PAPI on a runway without ILS, continued
Theoretical The theoretical location of the (A)PAPI system can be calculated by following next
procedure:
Location of
(A)PAPI system
Step Action
1 Select the class of the aircraft (Appendix 6 of Aerodrome Design Manual
Part) to determine the EWH (eye to wheel height)
2 Determine WTH (wheel-to-threshold height) , according to their eye-to-
wheel height (see previous page).
3 Theoretical distance is calculated from the formula:
D1 = (EWH + WTH) . cotg (θ x –2’)
in which:
• EWH is the eye-to-wheel height
• WTH is the wheel-to-threshold height
• θx is the setting angle of unit 2 in a PAPI configuration or is the setting
angle of unit 1 in an (A) PAPI configuration.
Illustration
4
2
EWH
PAPI WTH
D1 Threshold
15
Checking For checking interferences with obstacle clearance surface ICAO has defined an
obstacle clearance surface.
interference’s
Refer to the pictures below and table 5.3 in Annexe14, Volume I.
Obstacle
Protection rface
ction Su
Surface Threshold le Prote
Obstac 8.5˚ or 15%
300 m
60 m
Approach Surface Inner Edge
15 km
This surface has an inner edge length of 300 m at a distance from threshold of
60m. The length of the surface is 15 km and the divergence is 8.5° or 15%.
Typical case : definition of the OPS slope in case of an APAPI installation on a

Obstacle code I or II runway
Protection
Surface Typical
case
ce
n Surfa
Threshold le Protectio
Obstac
3.37 m
1˚ 56'
60 m 100 m
Approach Surface Inner Edge
15 km
The slope of the surface can be calculated by the following formula: θ2 – 0.9°.
θ2 corresponds to the setting angle of unit B. If the glide path is 3°, the slope of the
OCS shall be 2°45’ – 54’ = 1°51’. It shall be checked whether an object protrudes
above that surface.
16
Adaptation of the (A)PAPI-location to obstructions
Obstacles If obstacles project above the surface, one of the following measures must be
above surface taken:
• Remove the obstacle if practicable.

• The approach slope of the system may be suitably raised.
• The axis of the system and its associated obstacle protection surface may be
displaced by no more than 15° (an aeronautical study shall be conducted).
• The threshold may be suitably displaced.
• The (A)PAPI system may be suitably displaced upwind of the threshold to
provide an increase in threshold crossing height equal to the height of the
obstacle penetration.
APAPI : H = L- (D-60).tan (θ2 – 0,57°)

Formula PAPI : H= L- (D-60) .tan (θ1– 0.9°)
Suppose an object at a distance D with its top at a level L above the threshold:
H height of projection above the OCS

D horizontal distance between the object and the threshold
θx setting angle of the unit on which the calculations are based(2 in case of a
PAPI, 1 in case of an APAPI)
L height of the object above the threshold level
The new theoretical PAPI location will be in this case:

D1 = ( EWH + WTH + H ) . cotg θx
Picture
Theoretical Location of (A)PAPI x
Corrected Location of (A)PAPI OCS

Considering Projection
Above OCS H
H L
ETH 2-0.9˚
D1 Th 60 m
D
17
Harmonisation of the (A)PAPI location with the ILS
Harmonisation A harmonisation between ILS and PAPI is necessary.

of (A)PAPI and In installing (A)PAPI’s on runways equipped with an ILS, it is desirable that there
ILS be harmonisation between indications of the visual and non-visual approach aids.
The difference between the position of the pilot's eye and the position of the
aircraft's glide path antenna created a difficulty in achieving this goal.
It is agreed that it is difficult to achieve harmonisation down to the touchdown point
but compatibility shall be obtained as close as possible to the threshold.
A good method recommended by the ICAO is to classify the aeroplanes in three
groups according to their eye to aerial range, and to calculate the horizontal
distance between ILS glide path and the theoretical (A)PAPI location. This
distance is to be taken farther from threshold than the assumed ILS glide path
origin.
Eye-to-aerial height range Class of aircraft

3.7 to 6.7 m Large aircraft
1.3 to 1.7 m Medium aircraft’s
Up to 1.3 m Small aircraft’s
Figure 1. ILS Reference Datum and MEHT

The following figure shows the type of height survey required to effectively
locate the (A)PAPI units.
18
Harmonisation of the (A)PAPI location with the ILS,

Continued
Example (taken Sitting and installation data for the ILS will provide the height of the ILS glide path
from ICAO over the runway threshold (ILS datum height). For this example, assume ILS
Aerodrome datum height to be 15 m with a 3-degree glide path.
design manual A) Effective ILS glide path origin assuming a level runway :
part 4 ed. ’93)
15 x cot 3° = 286m from threshold
B) Average eye-to-aerial height for aircraft using aerodrome, in this case B737 to
A300: 1.7m
C) Nominal (A)PAPI position for 1.7m eye-to-aerial height:
(15 + 1.7) cot 3° = 318.6m
D) Minimum-Eye-Height-over Threshold (MEHT): 318.6 x tan 2°43’ = 15.1m
On course sector expanded to 30’ so unit 2 becomes 2°45’
The angle for MEHT is taken as 2’ below the setting for unit 2
Note – To achieve better harmonisation with the ILS, a 30’ on-course sector is
used giving a setting for unit 2 of 2°45’.
Example 2. Check for Wheel Clearance

A) Eye path to lowest wheel path
B737 5.18m
A300 9m
B) From Annex 14, Volume 1, Chapter 5, Table 5-2
Desired wheel Minimum wheel
Clearance clearance
B737 6m 3m
A300 9m 6m
C) Using MEHT of 15m, wheel clearance for B737, I.e. better than the desired
clearance: 15 – 5.18 = 9.82m.
Wheel clearance for A300, I.e. minimum wheel clearance which in this case is
acceptable by local authority: 15 – 9 =6m; Therefore use MEHT 15m.
Note – Should a higher MEHT of 18m be used to give the desired wheel
clearance for A300, the harmonisation of (A)PAPI with ILS will be lost further
out on the approach for aircraft with smaller eye-to-aerial heights. At this
point, the officer sitting the (A)PAPI must resolve the priorities between
retaining harmonisation of the aids and providing the desired wheel clearance.
19

continued
3. Correct nominal PAPI position for ground height variation (from survey
data (see figure below)
Ground height at 318.6m: 63.79m
Ground height at threshold: 60.65m
Difference: -3.14m
Move PAPI towards threshold :

3.14 x cot 2°43’ = 66.33 m
Amended position of PAPI :

318.6 – 66.33 = 252.27m
Recheck the ground heights

Ground height at 318.6m: 63.79
Difference : 0.71m
Move PAPI away from threshold by 0.71 x cot 2°43’ = 14.96m
New position for PAPI : 252.27 + 14.96 =267.23 m
Recheck the ground heights

Ground height at 252.27m : 63.08
Difference : 0.23m
Difference is less than 0.3m; therefore position needs no further refinement
4. Correct PAPI position for lens height

Assume height of lens centre above ground level is 0.3m
Move PAPI towards threshold:
0.3 x cot 2°43’ =6.32m
Final position of PAPI : 267.27 – 6.32 = 260.91m or 261m.
Figure
MEHT back check
20

continued
5. Back check MEHT for gross error – See above fig or Visual aids manual part
4 Fig. 8-20
MEHT: 261 x tan 2°43’ + (63.21 – 60.65) + 0.3
= 12.37 + 2.56 + 0.3 = 15.23 m
This value is greater than 15 m so ok.
6. Compensation for transverse slopes in the runway
Transverse slopes exist on all runways and these must be taken into account in
the calculations. All levels must refer back to a datum, which is the runway
centreline.
A survey must be carried out either side of the runway at the various PAPI
locations.
Compensation Compensation for runway shoulders, strips and slopes. All previous location of the
PAPI bar considers the PAPI units beam axis at the same level as threshold
reference level. In fact slopes exist on all runway strips and they are to be
compensated by an adequate shift of the PAPI units.
• This shift shall be towards the threshold when the theoretical location is
higher than the threshold and away from the threshold if the location is
lower.
• This shift shall also take into account the actual dimensions of the PAPI
units and the real elevations of the ground determined by the survey.
The figure below shows that when it is mounted on a breakable coupling with
Beam height
adjustable tube length, the beam axis of an ADB PPL 400/2 or PPL 600/2 can be
adjustment
set at any elevation above the ground between 45 cm and 90 cm. Thus the
elevation difference can be compensated on 45 cm.
Min 45 cm
Max 90 cm
21

continued
Beam height The figure below shows the PAPI unit located at a suitable distance in such a way
adjustment, that the lenses are strictly corresponding with the beam axis while its feet length
cont. falls between 45 cm and 90 cm. As the four units are to be located on the same
line, the final location will be chosen in compliance with those very requirements
for the four units.
Runway Center Line
9m 9m 9m 15 m
Min 0.45 m
1.25 %
Profile at d from Threshold

Max 0.9 m
Sometimes, when the slope of the runway strips are important, it is necessary to
locate the PAPI on a sloped line as shown in the figure to fit with the feet length
limits keeping the four PAPI aligned on a same perpendicular axis to the runway.
22
Installation
Introduction The preferred method of installation for PPL 400/2 and PPL 600/2 is on concrete
slabs at ground level with frangible couplings.
The concrete is cast directly into the foundation pit so that the slab rests on firm
soil below the frost line.
The figure below shows dimensions, which are generally acceptable but can be
modified to satisfy local conditions.
Before starting
• Do not deform the PAPI-unit if placed on to the legs. Besides problems in the
levelling of the units, twisting the units may lead to cracks in the lenses.
• Especially, in case of installation close to the ground, make sure that all steps
in the mounting procedure are carried out with sufficient accuracy.
23
Assemblies, continued
Illustration Towards Threshold
of a typical
PPL400/2
installation PPL
PPL 400
400/2
Flexible conduits
Flexible Conduits
0,45m to 0,9m
Breakable
Breakable Coupling
Coupling
Breakable Coupling
Breakable Coupling Base
Base
FAA L-867
(FAA L-867)
Primary
Primary
Cable
Cables
Note : the FAA L-867 base can also be replaced by conduit elbows leading via
conduits to a transformer housing further away from the PAPI's.
24
Installation , continued
Casting of the The following table instructs you on how to cast the concrete slabs and to anchor
concrete slab the support feet.
Step Action
1 Stake out the longitudinal axis of the light units parallel to the runway
centreline.
2 Dig the foundation hole with respect to the min. dimensions given on
figure page 23.
3 Install the base at the rear of the PPL in accordance to manual
AM.05.120.
4 Pour in the concrete and allow it to harden for at least one day.
5 After concrete sets up, draw (using chalk) a longitudinal axis (in
accordance with the axis staked out on the ground) on the upper surface
of the slab. Draw a transverse axis perpendicular to the other axis.
6 Lay the drilling jig on the slab; centre it by positioning the central hole at
the intersection of both axes.
Align the plate along the longitudinal axis using the V-notches in the plate.
7 Mark the 16 locations of the screws on the slab.
Drill the 16 holes to the diameter and depth required for the expansion
sleeves and insert the sleeves. See the picture below:
Dia 121
81.5
24 Holes dia 10 at 90˚

for Anchor Bolt
Approx. 80
Anchor Sleeve
637
Or
800
Approx. 80
Anchor Bolt
81.5
80 340 80
500
Dimensions in mm
(drawing typical for PPL400/2)

8 Place and fasten the flanges (17) with four bolts.
Instead of anchor sleeves, M10 or M12 anchor j-bolts can be cast into the
concrete at the proper locations on a 121-mm diameter bolt circle, 4 places.
25
Installation , continued
Installation of The following table instructs you on how to install the PPL 400/2 and 600/2
the PPL units
Step Action
1 Install and tighten the frangible couplings (14) on the flanges (17).
2 Out of factory, the legs are provided with a length allowing you to install
the PPL with the cut-off plane (plane passing through the centre of the
objective lenses and the lower end of the red filters) located 900 mm
above the ground. Adjusting with the positioning of the PPL onto the top
part of the leg (ref 11) and the positioning of this top part onto the bottom
part (ref 14), this distance can be reduced to about 700 mm.
If this distance has still to be reduced, the bottom part of the leg assembly
has to be cut to the adequate value (900 mm - the desired value).
Place the bottom part of the leg assembly (ref 14) loose in the breakable
coupling.
3 Screw the adjustable differential setting sleeves (ref. 11 & 12) in the
bottom part of the leg assembly (ref 14) and remove the top nut and
washers.
4 Remove the cover from the unit and gently mount the unit on the legs .
5 Install the washers and hex nuts on the threaded top part (ref 11); do not
tighten.
6 Make sure that the PPL rests on the nut of the right front leg F (see figure
page 31).
7 Make sure that the centre point of the lens near the right front leg F is at a
distance d as defined in figure page 22.
8 Tighten all locking nuts of the frangible coupling.
Illustration The following drawing shows the details of the leg assembly:
11
Length = 190 mm 12
Length = 80 mm
14
17
26
PAPI wiring
Introduction Following figure will give an overview of different PAPI wiring methods.
The four units at each side of the runway are wired into a series circuit. Two
independent circuits are used to feed bilateral PAPI systems. Each lamp is fed
trough an isolating transformer.
Illustration of
typical wiring
(for PPL400/2)
To the PAPI system at the other end

of the Runway
Circuit Selectors
Constant Current Regulators
To the PAPI system at the other end

of the Runway
Circuit Selector
Constant Current Regulator
27
PAPI wiring, Continued
Single unit The illustration below shows the wiring diagram of a single unit with the optional
wiring heating system.
Illustration PPL 400/2 PPL 600/2
Heating with thermostat Heating with thermostat

(optional) (optional)
Two pole plugs and

Two pole plugs and
receptacles
receptacles
200W
Individual transformers Individual transformers

200W
PRIMARY SERIES CIRCUIT PRIMARY SERIES CIRCUIT
28
Levelling of units
Definitions The setting angle of the PAPI units is the angle between a horizontal plane and
the cut-off plane.
The cut-off plane is the plane passing through the centre of the objective lenses
and the lower edge of the red filters and lies parallel to the reference plane formed
by the reference adjusting screws A, B, and slots C and D (see figure next page).
Setting angles If θ is the established glidepath angle for the airport and the units are set at
angles progressively staggered by 20 minutes of arc, the setting angles of the
units will be as follows :
Unit n° Angle
1 θ - 30 minutes of arc ( unit farthest from runway )
2 θ - 10 minutes of arc
3 θ + 10 minutes of arc
4 θ + 30 minutes of arc ( unit closest to runway )
If the centre channel is widened to 30 minutes of arc, the setting angles of the
units will be as follows :
Unit n° Angle
1 θ - 35 minutes of arc ( unit farthest from runway )
2 θ - 15 minutes of arc
3 θ + 15 minutes of arc
4 θ + 35 minutes of arc ( unit closest to runway )
Remark When handling the unit and in particular during installation and setting, movement
of the reference adjusting screws A and B is prohibited.
Any accidental movement of these screws will require resetting in the factory by
specialised personnel.
The levelling procedures are identical for PPL400/2 and PPL600/2. The drawings
in this chapter are typical for the PPL400/2.
29
Levelling of units, Continued
Aiming device This illustration shows you an aiming device.
Aiming notch (rear)

Bubble level
Aiming notch (Front)
Graduated scale
( Degrees ) Bar
Locator screws
Base B A
C D
Movable arms
C
B
D
(2 X)
Positioning of To install the aiming device, proceed as follows:

the Aiming
Device
Step Action
1 Set the aiming device at the required setting angle for the unit
2 Open the light unit
3 Open up the two movable arms on the instrument, and place it on the
light unit with the graduated scale near point C.
Refer to the picture above to place it : A and B references correspond
to the two reference screws and C and D correspond to the two slots.
4 Carefully position the precision bubble level between the locator
screws on the bar or against the locator screws on the moveable
arms.
30
Aiming in
To aim in azimuth, proceed as follows:
Azimuth
Step Action
1 Install the aiming device as explained above.
2 Place a rod 50 m from the unit and at the same distance from the
runway as the reference points B-C.
3 Check the alignment through the V-sites of the bar of the aiming
device.
Use the sight picture:
If necessary, adjust the unit alignment.

3 Tighten nuts on the right front leg F:
Leg F
A B
D C
31
Rough elevation For the rough elevation setting, proceed as follows:

setting
Step Action
1 Place the level between A - B. Level by adjusting nuts of the front leg E.
Leg E
A B
D C
Leg H Leg G
Tighten these nuts simultaneously.

2 Place the level between B and C.
Level by adjusting nuts of the right rear leg G. During this operation, the
rigid bottom of the unit must be free from its nut on the left hand side H.
These nuts may require loosening. Position upper nut of the right rear
leg G against unit. Tighten simultaneously the two nuts.
3 Place the level between C and D. Level by adjusting nuts on the left rear
leg H. Position upper nut of the left rear leg H against unit.
Simultaneously tighten both nuts.
4 Cross check the coarse setting.
Checking
Azimuth Make sure that the rod located at 50 m from the unit is still properly aligned
setting with the V-sites on the aiming device. If not, loosen all the lock-nuts and nuts.
Align the unit in azimuth and repeat the previous operations
It is not necessary for the alignment to be absolutely perfect. An error of

50 cm at 50 m yields an error of only 0.5°, which would still be acceptable.
32
For fine adjustment of the elevation and normally for any subsequent adjustment,
Fine elevation
the following steps on the differential ring (Item 12) will need to be taken:
setting
Step Action
1 Place the aiming device.
2 Make sure that the locking screw of the differential ring on the right
front leg F is tightened. The locking screws of the other legs (E, G
and H) have to remain loose.
3 Place the level between A and B. Proceed with the leveling process
by turning the differential ring on the left front leg E in the proper
direction. Tighten the locking screw of leg E differential ring.
4 Place the level between B and C. Proceed with the levelling

procedure by adjusting the differential ring on the rear legs G, and H,
turning both rings in the same direction with equal amplitude. Tighten
the locking screw of the right rear leg G.
5 Place level between C and D. Proceed with the levelling process by

turning the ring of the left rear leg H in the appropriate direction.
Tighten the locking screw on leg H.
After these operations are completed, the unit will be accurately set both in
azimuth and elevation.
Illustration
11
Length = 190 mm 12
Differential ring
Locking screw
Length = 80 mm
14
17
Bilateral
systems In case of bilateral systems, the corresponding units at each side of the
runway shall be set consecutively without disturbing the setting of the aiming
device.
This will ensure a perfect synchronisation of the units on both sides of the runway.
33
Checking slope angles of the light beams
It may be requested that when the equipment is put initially into operation and at
Introduction
regular intervals thereafter, that the cut-off angle of the units be checked. To make
this measurement it will be necessary to use a surveying instrument or a bubble
level with telescope and a surveyor's stake.
Procedure The procedure is as follows:
Step Action
1 Position the surveying instrument 2 to 3 metre behind the unit pointing
down beam.
2 A surveyor's stake is held by an assistant approximately 5 metre in front
of the unit.
3 Take reading A for the intersection of the horizontal of the telescope
with the stake.
4 Take reading B for the intersection of the cut-off plane of the light beam
with the surveyor's stake.
5 The assistant should now move a precisely measured distance D of
about 20 metre (+0.25%) down beam and take the same
measurements A' and B'
6 The angle x of the beam cut-off to the horizontal is found from :
tan x = (A'B' - AB)/D
where D is the horizontal distance between the two stake positions.
If similar checks are to be scheduled in the future, a small concrete slab
holding a galvanised pipe may be installed in front of each unit at the
distances used above.
B'
B
A'
A
Unit Approx 5m Approx. 20m ±5cm
Theodolite 1st position of stake 2nd position of stake
7 According to the ICAO, prior to use a PAPI or APAPI system, a flight

check should be organized by the local civil aviation, operations or
Airport Authorities
34
Reference bases for checking stick
Introduction As soon as the system is found to be operationally acceptable in all respects,

permanent sighting bases should be installed in front of each light unit to allow for
routine checks of the elevation setting using the checking stick.
23 mm
Approx. 400 mm
300 mm
Approx.
500 mm
Piece of 1" steel gas pipe,
closed at top and Galvanised
Locating Step Action

reference 1 A concrete sighting base should be located on the extended center line
bases of each unit.
2 When the PAPI is switched on, walk along the center line of the unit
observing it from time to time through the screen until the lower limit of
the white sector is about to disappear under the first scored line.
3 At this point, dig a hole approximately 400 mm square and 300 mm

deep. Drive in a steel pipe vertically in the center of the hole until its top
is at ground level. Place the bottom end of the checking stick on top of
the pipe and observe the light unit through the screen. Gradually drive
the pipe into the hole, while frequently observing the light unit through
the screen, until the light beam no longer appears completely white just
below the upper line of the screen.
4 Repeat this procedure for the other units, using the same observer.
5 Pour concrete in the holes.
Place checking stick on the concrete sighting base in front of the light unit and
Observations
switch the PAPI system on. Observe the light unit through the screen. Just below
with checking
the upper line of the screen, the light beam should no longer appear completely
stick
white. If this is not the case, the unit is out of alignment and requires resetting.
Distance from unit will vary according to light beam level, ground elevation and unit
angle setting.
Electrical connection
35
Using the connection kit described below the picture, operate as follows:
Connection Kit
Towards treshold
PPL
1 2
Flexible conduits
Breakable coupling
1 3
Base
( FAA L-867 )
Primary
cables
3
2 or 3 threaded holes for

compression glands PG 13.5
Item Designation Qty/Unit Remarks

PPL400/2 PPL600/2
1 Gland ( PG 13,5 ) for flexible conduit 4 6 Supplied

2 Flexible conduit (1m long) 2 3 Supplied
3 Steel cover 10mm with 2 or 3 holes for 1 1 Optional
gland 13.5 (2 holes) (3 holes)
Procedure Step Action
1 Remove the compression glands PG16 (A) and the two feeder cables
with FAA 2-pole plug (B).
2 Cut the 1m long flexible conduits at the desired length (according to the
PPL height).
3 Put the special glands for flexible (2) on each side of the conduits (1).
4 Fasten one end of the conduit fitted with the gland (1) on the steel cover
(3).
5 Put the reducer PG16/PG13,5 (1) on the other end of the flexible conduit.
6 Fasten the reducer to the PPL unit by means of the nut (A') removed from
the compression gland (A).
Beginning at the steel cover, run the cables from its fast-on connectors
side through the conduits.
7 Connect the cable on the fast-on connectors of the lamp. Connect the
plug FAA-L823 (on the other side of the feeder cable) to the transformer
secondary female plug into the steel base (5).
8 Close the base, tighten the screw with respect to the torque (20Nm).
36
Chapter 3: Maintenance
Overview
Introduction In order to reduce maintenance to a minimum, ADB has adopted the simplest
possible design and has used the best materials and protective treatments.
The light unit will give the best results only if handled with great care and well
maintained throughout its lifetime.
Topic See Page

Preventive maintenance 38
How to replace a lamp 39
How to replace the filters 39
The front protection glass should always be present and replaced if damaged
to avoid later lens damage.
Lenses cannot be field replaced as they need to be callibrated parallel and in level
to guarantee a perfect transition of a precision system.
37
Preventive maintenance
Preventive In the table below you will find a checklist of preventive maintenance tasks:
maintenance
tasks
Interval Check Action
Daily * Check elevation angle of units (first few Reset units if out of alignment
weeks). (see Checking slope angles of
the light beams page 34).
Check equipment for proper operation. Repair, adjust or replace.
Weekly ** Using soft cotton cloth moistened with alcohol, clean outer surface of front
protection glass.
Monthly Inspect housing and closure system, Repair or replace.
lamps, electrical connections, filters and
protective glass for damage, breakage or
warpage.
Clean interior surface of housing, remove any foreign matter.
Use soft cotton cloth moistened with alcohol to clean both sides of the
protective glass, colour filters, lenses and reflectors.
Make sure unit mounting is rigid. Tighten loosen hardware nuts,
screws, etc.
Realign unit if hardware has
loosened.
Make sure no vegetation obscures the light Remove growth in the vicinity
beam. of equipment. Use weed killer.
Make flight check of system if possible. Observe proper approach
angle.
* When the light unit has stabilised, checks may be made weekly.
** More frequently during the rainy season and when there is bare soil in front of
the light units
38
How to replace a lamp
Procedure The following table instructs you on how to replace a lamp:

Step Action
1 Deenergize the circuit.
2 Open the light fixture.
3 Remove the electrical fast-on fitting on burned-out lamp (8). Check cable
fast-on and replace if necessary.
4 Swing back the springloaded fork (9).
5 Remove the lamp from the reflector (7).
6 A new lamp can be installed by reversing this procedure.
Caution: Wear cotton gloves when handling the lamps. Touching the
quartz bulb with your bare fingers may seriously shorten the lamp life. If the quartz
bulb has been touched, wipe it carefully with lens cleaning tissue or similar
material moistened with isopropyl alcohol or methylated spirit.
It is recommended that a systematic replacement of all the lamps be made

after a service period of approx. 800 hours at the 100% brightness level. An
elapsed time recorder connected to the constant current regulator may be used to
determine the time for replacement.
Illustration The illustration below clarifies the procedure:

(PPL 400/2)
7 9 8
10
How to replace the filters
39
The following table instructs you on how to replace a filter:

Procedure
Step Action
1 Deenergize the circuit.
2 Open the light unit.
3 Loosen the spring (rep 5).
4 Remove the filter.
5 Place a new filter in its holder with the side without chamfer down.
6 Reverse this procedure.
The filters must be perfectly clean.

Use a soft cotton cloth moistened with alcohol or methylated spirit to clean filters
and wear cotton gloves when handling filters
Illustration The illustration below clarifies the procedure:

(Here for a PPL 400/2)
6 5
10
40
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting In the table below a number of problems are listed in the first column. In the
table second column, you will find the possible causes of the problem, and in the third
column the solution:
Before attempting to service, de-energise and lockout the circuit or the

regulator so that the fixture can not be energised by remote means.
Problem Possible cause Solution

All lamps out Power supply Repair or replace loose or broken wire or
transformer, check CCR operation.
All lamps burned out Replace bulbs. Check input current level.
Lamp(s) dim Dirty lens shield Clean with soft cotton cloth moistened with
alcohol or methylated spirit.
Lamp not properly seated in Re-seat lamp in reflector.
reflector
Current level too low Check with Ampèremeter.
Unit improperly aligned Use checking stick (see Checking slope
Broken lens, broken front angles of the light beams page 34).
glass, filter or filter positioning
Short lamp life Current level too high Check input current level at lamp and
output current at CCR.
Check rating of isolating transformer.
In case they are Thermostat defective Replace thermostat.
installed:
Defective heater Replace heater.
Heater will not
operate. Loose or broken wire Repair or replace.
41
Chapter 5: Assemblies and Exploded Views
Overview
Introduction In this chapter you will find an overview of the main sub-assemblies and the
exploded view of the PPL 400/2 light.
Topic See Page

Assemblies 43
Exploded view 46
Description of part names 47
42
Assemblies
Spare parts In order to limit the MTTR (Mean Time To Replace) of this vital equipment, it is
recommended to keep a sufficiently large stock of spare. It will mainly consist of
consumables like lamps. Other components that may need replacement, such as
filters and hardware, should be stocked in smaller quantities.
List of tables Below you will find a list of the tables in this chapter:
Table See page

Table 1: Main parts 44
Table 2: Mandatory/ additional parts 45
Table 3: Optional parts 45
Table 4: Tools 45
43
Table 1: Main In the table below you will find all parts of the PPL units.
parts
The basic PPL 400/2-unit described hereunder is suitable either for frangible
FAA legs or for anchoring legs mounting .
See next page for “additional mandatory parts for mounting system”
References Qty/ pcs Description Recom-

mended
spares
Ref. Code number PPL
400/2-600/2
1434.20.041 1 PPL 400/2 unit comprising: 1
1434.30.021 1 PPL 600/2 unit comprising: 1
1 4071.12.301 1 Cover assembly PPL 400/2 -
4070.95.570 Cover assembly PPL 600/2 -

20 7092.32.222 4m 6m Gasket between cover and housing 10m
2 6830.11.321 1 Clear front protection glass PPL400/2 2
6830.11.360 1 Clear front protection glass PPL600/2 2
19 4071.12.350 1 Gasket for front glass 2
4071.41.550 1 Gasket for front glass 2
6 1438.12.220 2 3 Red filter 4
5 4070.64.230 4 6 Retaining spring for filter 8
8 2990.48.310 2 3 Pre-focus halogen lamp 200W-6,6A 100%

Pk30d
16 1458.06.080 2 3 Cable assembly 1
11 4070.97.520 1 1 Compensation assembly consisting of: 1
4 4 Upper mounting rod M10
8 8 Hex. Nut M10
8 8 Lock washer for M10
8 8 Flat washer for M10
12 4 4 Setting nut assembly
4 4 Lower mounting rod M14
4 4 Hex. Nut M14
4 4 Lock washer for M14
4 4 Flat washer for M14
44
Table 2:
Mandatory/ References Qty/ pcs Description
additional parts Ref. Code number
13 1434.00.911 4 Anchoring legs
14 1439.11.130 1 Set of frangible legs assembly consisting
of:
Height adjusting leg
4
Breakable coupling
4
Flange ring
4
Table 3:
Optional parts References Qty/ pcs Description
Ref. Code number
1434.20.910 1 Heater ( anti condensation with thermostat )
220V
1434.20.920 1 Heater ( anti condensation with thermostat )
110V
8 2990.48.320 2 Pre-focus halogen lamp ( 100W – 6.6A )
Pk30d
Anti-condensation front glass.
Table 4: Tools
References Qty/ pcs Description
Ref. Code number
1439.05.221 Carrying box with install. tools for PPL
400/2 and PPL 600/2
1439.10.020 Drilling jig for PPL 400/2 with FAA adj.

Legs
Drilling jig for PPL 600/2 with FAA adj.
Legs.
1439.10.910 Positioning template for PPL 400/2
45
Exploded view PPL 400/2
PPL 400/2 The illustration below represents the exploded views of the PPL 400/2 PAPI unit.
1
19 4 6 5 7 9 8 11
12
20 13
14
15
17
10
18
16
Exploded view PPL 600/2
46
PPL 600/2 The illustration below represents the exploded views of the PPL 600/2 PAPI unit.
Description of part names
47
This table will show you the description of the parts as shown in the exploded view
PPL
on the previous page
Part n° Description of part names

1 Aluminium cover
2 Front protection glass
3 Outer lens
4 Inner lens
5 Retaining spring for filter
6 Red filter
7 Specular finish aluminium reflector
8 Pre-focus halogen lamp
9 Lamp holding fixture
10 Folded aluminium housing with lockable latches
11 Mounting top leg assembly
12 Differential setting sleeves
13 Aluminium anchoring leg
14 Breakable coupling and height adjustable leg assembly
(optional)
15 Compression bushing PGW 13,5
16 2-core cable with 2-pole plug
17 Flange ring
18 Anchor bolts (optional)
19 Gasket for front glass
48
N.V. ADB S.A.
Leuvensesteenweg, 585 – B 1930 Zaventem – Belgium 49
Tel. : 32/2/722.17.11 – Fax : 32/2/722.17.64

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Instruction Manual

Record of Change AM.02.512e

Revision Description Editor Checked Date

2.0 Lay out modified TXA WL 6/ 98

3.0 Inclusion of PAPI 600/2 in manual MR VI/WL 6/00

Use Restriction Notice and Warranty

Use restriction This Instruction Manual is the property of

Information About this Manual

Icon Type of Description

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS .........................................................................2

Chapter 1: General Information and Requirements

Contents This chapter contains the following topics.

Topic See Page

Refer to the table of contents to locate the information you need.

Equipment data, continued

Operational conditions for A(PAPI)

Failure to adopt this practice will result in an increased consumption of

What the pilot sees.

On slope Too low

What the pilot sees, Continued

Introduction The approach slope is The pilot will see

Chapter 2: PAPI or APAPI location and installation

Contents This chapter contains the following topics.

Topic See Page

Location of a (A) PAPI on a runway without ILS

To comply with specifications of threshold wheel clearance, aircraft’s have been

Eye to wheel height of aeroplane in Desired wheel Minimum

Location of a (A) PAPI on a runway without ILS, continued

Location of a (A) PAPI on a runway without ILS, continued

Typical case : definition of the OPS slope in case of an APAPI installation on a

Location of a (A) PAPI on a runway without ILS, continued

Adaptation of the (A)PAPI-location to obstructions

• Remove the obstacle if practicable.

APAPI : H = L- (D-60).tan (θ2 – 0,57°)

H height of projection above the OCS

The new theoretical PAPI location will be in this case:

Theoretical Location of (A)PAPI x

Corrected Location of (A)PAPI OCS

Harmonisation of the (A)PAPI location with the ILS

Harmonisation A harmonisation between ILS and PAPI is necessary.

Eye-to-aerial height range Class of aircraft

Figure 1. ILS Reference Datum and MEHT

Harmonisation of the (A)PAPI location with the ILS,

Example 2. Check for Wheel Clearance

Harmonisation of the (A)PAPI location with the ILS,

Move PAPI towards threshold :

Amended position of PAPI :

Recheck the ground heights

New position for PAPI : 252.27 + 14.96 =267.23 m

Recheck the ground heights

Difference is less than 0.3m; therefore position needs no further refinement

4. Correct PAPI position for lens height

MEHT back check

Harmonisation of the (A)PAPI location with the ILS,

Harmonisation of the (A)PAPI location with the ILS,

Profile at d from Threshold

Illustration Towards Threshold

24 Holes dia 10 at 90˚

(drawing typical for PPL400/2)

To the PAPI system at the other end

Constant Current Regulators

To the PAPI system at the other end

Constant Current Regulator