(Not : Tilrkr;ede oldllgll gibi jngili=cede de - 6=ellikle Tilrkr;eve r;evirmede - bCCl zaman

TENSES POSITIVE (olumlu) NEGATIVE (olumsuz) OUESTIO N (soru)

I swim. ,Yii::erim I do (i"rizmem) Do 11 (Yiaer mlJim')
You swi m. Yo u do Do j you
SVoIPL E
He swims, He does ; not swim Does ] he swim?
PRES&Vf
(Oeni, z.)
We swim. We do ; Do ; we
They ; swim. They j do Do j they
I rYiizdlim j I jI (Yiizdlim mli .')
..

-
SVoIP LE

PAST
You
He SWaIn
You
He did not swim.
1you
Did j he swim?
~ (Gefm~z.) We We j 1we
They They ; ; they
-1------4-......;;..;...---;-------1--...;...---;-------+---;-...:..-;.--------1
I Ir/izeceglln I Shall 1 I ,r/izecebniJ11II.'
SVoIPLE You Yo u ~\~~p } you
FL'TURE He will swim. He will not swim. Will ; he swim ?
(G elecek z.) We We j Shall 1 we
Th ey Th ey ~ Will ~ they

I am rYilzliyonlln) I am rrlizmliyontmJ Am I ,r,izliyor

PRES&Vf You are You are Are you mlll"Um'
CONT. He is swinuning. H ll is not swimming. Is he swimming?
u: (Simdikl z. ) We are We ~ are Are we
Th e y are The y ~ are Are thev
o
-
~

z;
P..\ST
CONT.
I
You
was
wer
,r/iziiyordum I
You
was
were
(fliz mayonlum Was ; I
Were ; you
(Ylizliyor
muvdum")

-
~
($imdikl Z.
hilclye)
H ll
\Vll
They
was
were
were
swimming. He
We ~
They ;
was
were
were
not swimming. Was ; he
Wer e 1we
Were ; they'
sw imming?

zl----+----"-;---;------t----.:+--;------+~'_=_;_........;.___;_----_1

'""
'"" ,riCuyorolacag'nl
I [
rrc,,·,gimi S II; I Ir/izecd
You Y Oll ~
FLTl7RE not be swim ­
Will 1 you m/\lm'j
coxr, He will be swimming. He ; will be; swimming?
min g.
Will ; be
We We 1
Sball 1 we
Th e y They ~ Will : they'

PRESE."\,.
PERFECT [ have (rrcdum. 1"icmu/ [ have Irr,zmediml Have ; I Irlizdlim ma.') ·
You have bulunuyorum) You have Have ; you
a) Bclirsi z
ge>mi ~ Z. He has swum, He has not swum, Has ~ he swu m'?
b) Yakm We have We have Have ] we
ge>mi~ Z. They have Th ey have Have 1 they
 (THERE ­ PRESENT PAST FUTURE
may be..)
(There isl a horse....:.... (There was)a horse..... (There "ill be).•......:...
(...olabilir.)
might be..) (...var.) (...vardi.) (...olacak.)
(..olabilir-di) .....................................
............. .........................
.....................................

must be..) (There are) horses........

(There were)horses..... (There would be) .... .....

(..olmali) (...var.) (...vardi.) (...olacaku .)

:
~ (lJenim (Benim (Benim . .
I
have ~ bir aum var) I bir attm vardt) I olacak)
You have : . You You

to HAVE He
has ~ (got) a horse. He had (got) a horse.
He will have a horse.
We ~ have : We i We
Th ey 1 have ~ They 1 They

I am
~ (Ben Izmtr ' I tlzmt r tde
I was (Izmir'de
~ deyim. t You olacagu n.)
You are .,m Izmir You were tdim.)
to BE He will be in lzmir,
He is He was in Izmir.
We ~ are We ~ were
We
Thev: are They
-; 1 They 1 were

(Gelebilm m.1 (Gelebilirdim (Gele cek hafta

I I I
gelebilirim. J gele bilirim.i
You You
You
~L\.Y He may come.
He come, He come
might may
We (Izin veya We ~ We next week.
They j olas rhk belirtir ) The y ~ They

,r--ebllmml /rrr::eollirdilll
I r-- 'Iliyordltml I
I I Yiaebt leceg un
You You
You

c.~~ He swim (*) He

can swim.
He could ill be able to swim .
We ~ We
We
Th ey ~ They
They

~IUST ,G'tmem (Gitmem

I (Gitmeliyim.) I gereku.t I gerekecek)
SHO ULD You
: must You You

H.-\VE TO He • : 00
: should : :> He to go.
He have to go.
had will
H.-\S TO We ~ oughlto; We We
OUGHT TO Th ey ~ 1 They : They

* (l was able to swi m = Yiizebildim.)

~ N ENGLISH lend
lose
make
ooun<r vermek
kavbetrnek
lent
lost lmade
ent
ost
It/an ile) lngilizcede Baslica Zaman/ar ( Kip/er) ve vapmak made
mean demek istemek. meant meant
kaymalan olabilir ) Bu ciimleleri :
meet ~~i;~g'!~~in~~mI &~Tak met
o DOZENSlz FttLLERtN BA~LIC.-\ 3 ~EKLI

I) Present
(En cok kullarulanlar)
2) Past 3) Past
participle
pay
ride
ring
tarusmak
odernek
binrnek
calmak (zil)
.
paid
rode
rang
paid
ridden
rung
nse dogmak rose nsen
beat dovrnek. venmek beat beaten run kosmak ran run
become olmak . became become say demek. sovlernek said said
see gormek' saw
begin
bend
baslamak
egi - il - mek
began
bent
begun
bent sell satrnak sold ~3
bitten send gondermek ssehnot sent
bite isirmak bit shake sarsmak. ok shaken
bleed kanamak bled bled
blow esmek. iiflemek blew blown el sikmak
shine parlamak shone shone
break kir-il-mak broke broken shoot vurmak shot shot
bring getirmek brought brought show gosterrnek showed shown
build yapmak (insaat) built built sing ~rkl sovlernek. sang sung
burn vanmak. vakrnak burnt burnt sink otmek .
buy saun almak bought bought sit batmak sank sunk
cafch
choose
vakalamak
secmek
caught
chose
caught
chosen sleep
oturmak
uvumak
sat
slept ~Jpt
come gelmek came come smell kok - la - mak smelt smelt
creep surlinmek crept crept *~ konusrnak spoke spoken
spent
dig
do
kazmak
vapmak
dug
·did
dug
done spoil gg=ak ~~m spoilt
sprung
draw 9izmek drew drawn ~a~~ sicramak sf<rang stood
(ayakta) durmak s 00 d
=~k ~g~
drink drunk steal calmak sto1e stolen
drive driven sstriktic;k batmak. yapismak stuck stuck
eat vemek ate eaten e carprnak' struck struck
fall dusmek fell fallen swear vernin etmek swore sworn
feel hissetmek felt felt sweep su urmek swept swept
fight savasmak fought fought swim \ii~ek swam swum
find bulmak found found tak
eace almak, goturrnek took taken
fly ucmak flew flown t h ogretrnek taught taught
forget unutmak forgot forgotten tear virtrnak tore torn
forgive affetmek forgave forgiven tell sovlemek. told told
freeze donmak froze frozen , anlatrnak
get almak got got think dusunmek, thought thought
give vermek gave given throw 0\\
zannetmek
atrnak threw thrown
go gitrnek went gone ~~erstand anlamak understood understood
grow DUvu-t-mek grew grown wake uvandirmak woke woken
fIang asinak. sarkmak hung fIung wake up u'vanrnak woke up woken up
hear isitrnek ~8ra heara
hidden
wear giymek wore worn
hide
re~~-mek held
win kazanmak won won
hold held write yazmak wrote written
keep tutrnak. korumak kept kept
know bilmek knew knO\m
lav laid (Tebligler Dergisi : I·t 1. 1985 / 2180)
dosemek laid
lead voneltmek led led
learn ogrenmek learnt learnt
leave birakmak, aynlmak left left
~ ,. _ . ... . ~ .. .. .. - y - • •••• _ . . .. - ~ -1-"" ~ ~ • • • ;t

1. Anlam ve vap tlartna dikkat ederek, 2. Anlam ve yapz baktmtndan karstlastirarak, 3. Sesli olarak ve devamlz calisarak ogrenebilirsiniz.
DIRECT - INDIRECT Climle sekilleri (OIumiu .ve Olumsuz cilmleler)
He said (to me). «You are (not) reading i YOUR ! books .» .> He told me ! (that) 1 I lwas (noO readin Q"! MY books.

" II (to him)

I , " " " " II " 1- " -> " n hi1m .: 11 ~" HE i " 11 If,S HIS
. ' ! "

" II (to her), " " " " I " I " -> " " her ' " : SHE l" " " 1 HER ! " !I
" " (to us), ,, " " " ! " I " -> " " us " , WE l-.ere " "l OUR j "
" " (to them)
em , " " " " I " I " -> " " th em :! " :, THEY i: " " " j: THEIR 1 : " ,
. . . ;B 11-1 : Zarnir : Zaman : "Ivelik : j
(DIRE CT) cumle (INDIRECT) olunca zama n (ten se) degl~lm l ~ ag a9 ~ degisimi 1 degi.~imi iSIfatlan"j I

I - SIMPLE PRESENT > SIMPLE PAST Aydm : . " i I i lif<e helping i my i filt1J.e r. "
Avdm, babasina vardim etmevi sevdizini sovledi Aydin said (that) : he ! liked helnifie j his : father.

2 - SIMPLE PAST > ?AS'l , ,-u C 1 They said (to me) , i " i you : did your j best. "

Onlar bana elimden seleni vaonsirm soylcdi. They told me i (that) i I i had done mv : best.

3 - PRESENT PERFECT > PAST PERFECT Father (to us) , ' : You i have missed vour i train ."
Babam, bize treni kacirdrairrn zi sovlcdi, Father told us (that) i we i had missed j our i tram.

4 .-.P~ SENT .CONT :.> PAST CONT. We said (t.o.Filiz), 1 " : You 1 are wasting j your [time. "

Filiz e. vaktini bosa harcadrciru sovledik. We told Filiz : (that) : she : was wasting ! her : ume,

5. - SHALL, WILL : > SHOULD, WOULD Ozt~rk said, i "! I : will wash my : hair."
OztUrk, saCln l vlkavacal!lm sovledl. Ozturk SaId : (that) i he ! would \\ash ' his : half. I
6 - CAN :..: : : > -':J l ~ Ayten : . l " ! I !
cannot find ; my ! dog. I
Ayten, kopegini bulamadigim soyledi, Ayten said : (that) : she : could not find i her i dog.
7 - MAy > MIGHT . I pe. doctor (to us). i " 1 You i may \isi~ . i your 1friend."
Doktor bize, arkadasmuzi zivaret edebilecezimizi sovledi, The doctor told us i (that) j we i might VISIt i our j friend.
S - MUST t SHOULD > MUST, SHOULD t HAD TO I said (~o him), i " : You : mu st write your j name."
Ona, admi vazmasi zerektiaini sovledim, I told him ! (than : he i had to write his : name.
9 - IS, AM, ARE > WAS, \VERE The pilots said, i " i We i are not - i readv."
Pilotlar, ham olmadiklanni sovlediler . The pilots said i (that) j they i were not - j ready.
10 - HAVE - HAS > HAD Me hme t : . ~ " i We 1 have, (g~t) : - 1 aplane.
Mehmet, hi. \ ",,', s'lhin oldllklan m sovledi. Me hme t SaId i (that) j they ! had (aon - j a plane.

DIRECT - ~DIRECT ciimleler (emir, rica, ihtar, tavsiye, v.s. ciimleleri) I

(Baglat; : Olumlu emirde, fiilden once TO, olumsuz emirde fiilden once l\OT TO)
I - Ayse to tlhan : "Get out ofmv wav!" 4 - Father said, "Don't forset to lock the door." .'
Ayse told Ilhan TO get out of 'her wav. Father reminded us TO-lock the door. j
2 - Mother said "W\lshvour face, Zeki.' 5- TIle farmer shouted, "Don't go near that mad dog!"
Mother told Zcki TO wash his lace. The farmer warned the children NOT TO go near the mad dog.
3 - The policeman to the thief: "Hold up your hands!" 6 - Our teacher said, "Don't worn'. be happy".
The policeman ordered the thief TO hold up his hands. Our teacher advised us NOT TO worry, but to be happy.
*"Y ou M US T (al way s) be ca re ful:" ----------> Father told us (that) we MU ST (always) be careful. I
CD WHICH IS LO~GER? WHICH IS ' THE LONGEST...? ...IN...? ...AT... ? ...ON ... ? (2)
The Kizih rmak is 10ngJ;R THAN the River Sakarva. IN the house / shop Al home I school ON the roof / ceiling!
The Sakarya is shortER " the Kizihrmak.• the farm
A bus the field / garden the station bus - stop
is biggER " a car.
A car is smallER a bus. the middle (0L. ) the grocer's :barber's the right / left
Bananas
"
are dearER " oran ges. front (0L.) the seaside Hatay street
the sky noon night the shore
Some drivers are MORE careful THAN others. Sunday / Monday /...
is the morning !afternoon 7 0' clock
A dog MORE dangerous " a cat.
A cat is LESS dangerous " a dog. the mirror the end beginning Sunday morning !...
May/June/Winter work ' rest May 19th. 19 19
The Missi ssippi is the 10n~ST river in the ' ....orId.
Agn is the hig ST mountain 1919 the door window the train ' bus
in Turkev,
Which is "" " in the world? Esrefpasa lzmir.Turkey the cinema ' concert the way

That old rich man married the MOST beautiful girl in France. 10 days /weeks/... , the top bottom page 49
He is going to buy the MOST e~nsive car for her. the comer of the room on the corner of the on.
Whicli is the MOST di ICUIt lesson for you? the table
at house at

o me
for
with
PERSONAL PRONOUNS +
possessive
adjectives
@
you from/than me Subjective poss. adj . objective possessive reflexive
The history teacher HELPED him/her at school.
in/inside you beni
us I ben my benim me mine benim-ki myself kendirn
about/on him bana

them sen
. senm-ki
above/over her you your s~~n YOUs~~/~ana yourselt kendin
iyourssizin_ki vourselves kendiniz
it siz . SIZln . sizi/size
behind
in front of us he 0 his onun him onu his onun-ki himself kendi- si
ona
me studying. before/after them
you sleeping. near/beside
she 0 her onun her onu hers onun-ki herself kendi - si
ona
Our Turki sh teacher SAW him/her shouting. next to onu
it 0 its onun it its onun - ki itselfkendi-si
us in the ona
them park. between }'ouand me we biz our bizim us bizi ours bizim-ki ourselves kendimiz
bize
among you us them they onIar their onIann them onlan theirs onIann-ki themselves kendi-leri
onIara
@t I QUESTIONS
-
YES answers NO answers
This is your pen, isn't it ?
.......................... de~'il rni?
This is not your bag, is it?
...degil mi?
I

Am L. ? YES, vou are. NO, you are not. I am , aren't I? 1 am not... , am I?

Are you ? ", · I am. " I am not. You are , aren't vou? You are not.. , are vou? I

I
I Is he /she ? " , he/she is. ,,' he/she
,, ' wel-.·ou
is not. He/she
We
is
arc
,
,
isn't he/she?
aren't we?
He/she is not...
We are not.
, is he/she?

, are we?

Are we ? " we/vou are . are not.

Are they ? ,, ,' the". are . ": they are not. They are , aren't they? They are not.. , are they?

Have L. ? YES, vou have . NO. YOU haven't. I can , can't I? , I cannot... , can I? .)

Have vou ? ". . I have . " . .I haven't. You can , , can t "au ? You cannot... , can} au . I

Has he/she ? "; he/she has. " : he/shehasn't. He/she can , can't he/she? H~ /she cannot... , can he/she?

Have we ? " , we/you have . " we/vou haven't. Wc can............... can't we? We cannot., , can we? "I

Have they ? " , they. have . " , they haven't. Thev can :, can't they? They cmmot.. , can the~ . 'I

I have , haven't I? I have not... , have I?

Can L. ? ~,S , vou

· I
can. ~~, you cannot (can't). You have............... haven't vou? You have not... , have vou?

Canvou ? can. I cannot.

Can he/she ? ,, ' he/she can. " , he/she cannot, He/she has ,· hasn't he/she ? He/she has not... , has he/she? I

Can we ? ,, ' welvou can . " , welyou cannot, We have , haven't \ve? We have not.. , have we?

Can they ? tt: the)' can. ", they cannot. They have , haven't they? They have not... , have they')

Do L ? ~,S , vou do. NO, you do not (don't). I talk loudlv, don't ['J I do not... , do I?

Do vou ? · I do. " I do not. You like cats. . . don't vou? You do not... , do you?

Does he/she ? " ; he /she does . ", he/she does not. He/she gets up fate, doesn't he/she? He/she does not... , does he/she')

Do we ? " we/vou do. ", welyou do not. We eat a lot don't we'? We do not.. , do we'? I

Do they ? ,,', thev

. do. ", they do not. They know eve~thin g, don't they'? They do not... , do they'?

Did L. ? YES, vou did . NO, vou did not. (didn't) I painted , didn't I? I did not... , did I?

Did vou '? " · I did . " ,' I did not. You mended , didn't vou? You did not... , did vou?

Did he/she ? " he/she did . " , he/she did not. He/she saw , didn't he/she? He/she did not... , did he /she? I

Did we ? ": we/von did. " we/vou did not. We fini shed , didn't we? We did not... , did we?

Did they ? , they did . " the~' did not. They found , didn't they? They did not... , did they?

I I Was L. ? ~,S , vou were . NO, vou were'nt. I was , wasn't I? I was not.. , was I?

Were you ? · I was. " . I was'nt, You were , weren't vou? You were not.. , were vou?

Was he/she ? ,, ' he/she was. ,, ' he /she was'nt. He/she was , wasn't he /she? He/she was not.. , was he/she?

Were we ? we/von were . ,, ' we/vou were'nt, We were , weren't we? We were not. , were we?

Were they ? the'.' were . ", they were'nt. They were , weren't they? They were not.. , were they?

Must L. ? YES . yOU must. NO, vou need'nt. I must... , mustn't I? I must not... , must I? I

Must vou ? " · I '

must. " .I You must.. , must~ t you? You must not.. , must vou?

need'nt, He/she must... , mustn t lie/she') He/she must not.... ......... must he/she'?

Must he/she ? " he /she must. " : he/she need'nt.

Must we ? " we/von must. " we/von need'nt. We must.. , mustn't we? We must not.. ; must we? •

Must they ? ": they must. need'nt. They must... , mustn t they? They must not... , must they') I

" : the)'

tvas } there (any) ..... ? YES. there is There is , isn't there ? There is not... ................ is there?

was (some)INO .' there{isn't

wasn,t } (any)
.:» :
There was , wasn't there? There was not. :. was there?

There are , aren't there') There are not.. : are there?

Are } there (any).....? YES. there were (some)INO ,

_Were there {~:~~'t ) (any). There were , weren't there? There were not. ; were there?

@ HOW MANY... ARE TIIERE? HOW MUCH. ..IS TIIERE....? a few I a little I a lot (00 etc. @
farmers are/were there There is/was (only) one farmer
workers workers
trees (a) few trees
are } there on the farm? There { are some
HOW MANY horses were were horses
a lot of on the farm.
cows cows
sheep have you (got) We have not any sheep
ducks not many ducks

wa ter water
coffee coffee
flour is } there is (a) little flour
butter was There { some butter
HOW MUCH cheese in the kitchen? was a lot of cheese in the kitchen.
honey notanv honey
~ugar
have you (got) We have not much ~ugar
Jam Jam
soup soup

\-V HER E... ? W HER E ~srn THE R E ?

@
II
@
is the kettle? .........................
on the stove. is a lot of snow? ............ on the mountains.

" . .
is the fireman? .........................
on the roof. are some trees/cows? ............ on the farm.

are the hostesses? .........................

on the plane. arc some apples? ............ on the tree.

is the pilot? .........................

in the plane. is a cat? ............ in the tree.

are the soldiers? .........................

in the field. is a dog? ............ under the tree.

WHERE is the barber/grocer? .........................

in the shop. WHERE is THERE some water/milk? ............ in the glass-bottle.

are the nurses? .........................

in the hospital. is some tea/coffee? ............ in the glass/cup.

is the postman? .........................

at the door. are , a few girls? ............ at the black board.

is the engineer? .........................

under the bridge. is a stove? ............ on the left.

is the mechanic? .........................

under the car. is a refrigerator? ............ on the right.

are the students? .........................

in the classroom. is some hot water? ............ in the kettle.

are the passengers? .........................

on the bus. is a clock? ............ on the wall.

@
WOULD YOU LIKE TO ...? WOULD YOU snxn ----ING...?
@

- worLD yor LIKE to come with us?

r- - - ­ - - -., to see our garden? - WOlLD YOr ~IDl) closing the window?
I -re s. I would like to. I to stay here ? r-------., cleaning the board?
- That is all right.
I -.Vo. I am busy . I to swim? -­ I _Yes. all right. I watering the flowers?
I -r~s. plea ~e .. Gladly. I -­
I -No. not at all. I making some tea?
.\ 0 . thank }O ll .
L -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ .J
some tea? I ­ I am sorry. I can't.
a new guitar? -- L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .J
I taking my picture?
Whe n would you like to visit us? playing the piano for me?
Wha t would you like to eat at breakfast? singing that song?
Where would vou like to stav? -­
DONT FORGET TO ...
"Ifyoufail atflrst, TRY, TRY , TRY AGAL'i"!"
@
to put the fire out. to please your guests.

@
II
to water the flowers. to make it better and better. ­
DO~'T FORGET to feed the birds . TRY to be a good citi zen.

to close the windows. to finish your work in tim e.

to switch off the gass/electricity. DO YOUR BEST

PLEASE RDIDlBER to learn more and more.

to tum off the television. to write with your right hand.

to lock the door. to come earlier.

The teacher said : "PLEASE KEEP ,QrIET." want - intend - hope - wish
@
The teacher told us to keep quiet.
@
We will ask him " be more ca reful. I to buy a car .
Father has advised me " get up early . want to learn English and French.
You must remind them " pay at once. intend to visit your country.
We
The Policeman ordered him " stay where he was. "ish to travel around the world .
hope to spend the weekend in Paris.
They to work in Swi tzerland .
I don't want you to waste your time . to finish it early .
They " " Ali " disturb others.
@ PRESE~T P ER.FECT / .•.GOING TO (do) structures I (don't) hate / like you! @
I have missed the plane today. I am going to fly tomorrow enjoys listening to pop music
My brother prefers
They haven't painted the doors this week. They are • to paint them next week
travelling by train.
He hasn't paid us this month He Altan likes fishing in a river.
is "to pay next month .
doesn't like getting up verv earlv.
We haven't visited Istanbu l this year. We are " to visit next ye3r. Nilgtm hates watching horror films.
The plane has just landed . - - It is "to take off 15 minutes later. enjoy boxing
I have bought a book today. Some people walking in the rain.
I am " to read it later. prefer
We haven't fmished the work yet. We are "to finish it soon. Zeki and Metin like reading in bed.
Mother has cooked fish this are don't like talking loudly.
We " to eat them at lunch. Those boys
morning. hate waiting at the bus stop.

usually - sometimes - always - often - never . , .... ~' ~o.JI .. &;..w .,, - J v,...... U/ - - vvw. / UW&,.C. "&. - ""'I' w........ "'/

@ miss the bus. I am interested in playing football. @

I usually
go to the cinema. You are fond of travelling in spring,
You sometimes
have milk at breakfast. He is good at flying ajet plane.
we always stay at a hotel in istanbul. We are bad at swimming in the rough sea.
The y
often do homework at school. afraid of diving in the sea.
Th e Browns They are
never make mistakes in Turkish. climbing
Children are " " mountains.

, . . - -- - -- - - - - - ­
" WHILE I was going to Uskitdar, I found a handkerchief."
@
it is raining. (you can) take your umbrella,
you were sleeping, --­ they were working. @

Father helps me. I will (be able to) finish it.

WHIlE he was talking to them, they werenot listening.
they don't listen. they "ill never learn.

you miss the bus, (you may) take a taxi.

they were singing a nice song, everybody was talking.
WHEN
IF you are ill.
(you must) go to a doctor.
Mother was washing the dishes. Father was helping her.
she is very ill.
why has she come to school'?
AS
you aren't Ali,
who are you'?
we were waiting at the station we felt cold.
he hasn't broken the plates,
who has broken them?
the boys were playing football, it began to rain.