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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Retaining Wall Design : Ver W3.0.02 - 05 Jan 2016

Title : RETAININ WALL
C14
Input Data

Wall Dimensions Unfactored Live Loads General Parameters Design Parameters

H1 (m) 4.5 C (m) .5 W (kN/m²) 7.5 Soil frict  (°) 35 SF Overt. 2.0
H2 (m) 2.5 F (m) 0 P (kN) 4.8 Fill slope  (°) 0 SF Slip 2.0
H3 (m) .5 xf (m) 0 xp (m) 0.1 Wall frict  (°) 20 ULS DL Factor 1.2
Hw (m) At (m) 0.2 L (kN/m) 0  Conc kN/m3 25 ULS LL Factor 1.6
Hr (m) Ab (m) 0.2 xl (m) 0  Soil kN/m3 18 Pmax (kPa) 350
B (m) 1.2 Cov wall mm 50 Lh (kN/m) -3.5 fc' (MPa) 35 Soil Poisson  0.5
D (m) .1 Cov base mm 50 x (m) 0 fy (MPa) 410 DLFac Slide/Ovt 0.9

Seepage allowed
Active pressure applied on back of shear key for sliding

Theory : Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:ON

Hor Accel. (g) 0.02

Vert Accel. (g) 0.01
Include LL's Y

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka :0.245

Passive Pressure coefficient Kp :8.324
Seismic Active Pressure coefficient Kas :0.259
Seismic Passive Pressure coefficient Kps :8.106
Base frictional constant µ :0.700

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 35.013 1.390 12.744 1.400
Siesmic component of Pa 1.856 2.400 0.675 1.400
As a result of surcharge w 7.221 2.000 2.628 1.400
Siesmic wall inertia 0.767 1.411
Applied horiz. Line Load 3.500 4.500

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -455.985 0.815
Siesmic component of Pp 12.232 1.500
Weight of the wall + base 38.362 1.034
Weight of soil on the base 49.005 0.708
Point load of 4.75 kN on wall 1.056 1.300
UDL of 7.4 kPa 0.743 1.450

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m width

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

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For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 448.65 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 58.42 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 7.680

2.Force Equilibrium at SLS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 104.54 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 73.20 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 0.00 kN
Passive pressure on base : 455.99 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 529.18 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 46.50 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 46.50 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 11.380

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 43.203 1.407 15.292 1.400
Siesmic component of Pa 2.969 2.400 1.081 1.400
As a result of surcharge w 11.554 2.000 4.205 1.400
Siesmic wall inertia 1.228 1.411
Applied horiz. Line Load 5.600 4.500

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -410.387 0.815
Siesmic component of Pp 11.008 1.500
Weight of the wall + base 34.526 1.034
Weight of soil on the base 44.105 0.708
Point load of 4.28 kN on wall 0.950 1.300
UDL of 6.7 kPa 0.668 1.450

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m width

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 403.78 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 83.52 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 4.835

2.Force Equilibrium at ULS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 94.08 kN

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Frictional resistance Pfric : 65.88 kN

Passive Pressure on shear key : 0.00 kN
Passive pressure on base : 410.39 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 476.27 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 61.58 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 61.58 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 7.734

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS

Maximum pressure :-31.21 kPa

Minimum pressure : 0 kPa at 8.20 m from left hand side of base.
Maximum pressure occurs at right hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO ACI 318 - 2011

Position from Moment Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Minimum

base top (m ) (kNm ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m )

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03

0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03
0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03
0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03
0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03
0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03
0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03
0.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03
0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03
0.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03
0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 505.03
0.88 5.48 0.00 106.61 505.03
0.96 11.09 0.00 217.04 505.03
1.04 15.64 0.00 307.47 505.03
1.12 19.22 0.00 379.10 505.03
1.20 21.91 0.00 433.28 505.03
1.28 23.79 0.00 471.49 505.03
1.36 24.96 0.00 495.31 505.03
1.44 25.51 0.00 506.42 505.03
1.52 25.52 0.00 506.55 505.03
1.60 25.07 0.00 497.47 505.03
1.68 24.26 0.00 480.99 505.03
1.76 23.17 0.00 458.90 505.03
1.84 21.89 0.00 433.02 505.03
1.92 20.51 0.00 405.13 505.03
2.00 19.11 0.00 377.00 505.03
2.08 17.77 0.00 350.09 505.03
2.16 16.50 0.00 324.63 505.03
2.24 15.30 0.00 300.58 505.03
2.32 14.16 0.00 277.86 505.03
2.40 13.08 0.00 256.42 505.03
2.48 12.06 0.00 236.21 505.03
2.56 11.10 0.00 217.18 505.03
2.64 10.19 0.00 199.26 505.03
2.72 9.34 0.00 182.41 505.03
2.80 8.53 0.00 166.57 505.03
2.88 7.78 0.00 151.69 505.03
2.96 7.07 0.00 137.73 505.03
3.04 6.40 0.00 124.62 505.03
3.12 5.77 0.00 112.32 505.03
3.20 5.18 0.00 100.79 505.03
3.28 4.63 0.00 89.96 505.03
3.36 4.11 0.00 79.79 505.03
3.44 3.62 0.00 70.24 505.03
3.52 3.15 0.00 61.24 505.03
3.60 2.70 0.00 52.41 505.03
3.68 2.25 0.00 43.61 505.03
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3.76 1.80 0.00 34.84 505.03

3.84 1.35 0.00 26.09 505.03
3.92 0.90 0.00 17.37 505.03
4.00 0.45 0.00 8.68 505.03

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO ACI 318 - 2011

Position from Moment Top Reinforcing Bot Reinforcing Minimum

left (m ) (kNm ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m )

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1587.24

0.03 0.02 0.15 0.00 1587.24
0.06 0.10 0.61 0.00 1587.24
0.09 0.22 1.38 0.00 1587.24
0.12 0.40 2.45 0.00 1587.24
0.14 0.62 3.82 0.00 1587.24
0.17 0.89 5.50 0.00 1587.24
0.20 1.22 7.49 0.00 1587.24
0.23 1.59 9.78 0.00 1587.24
0.26 2.01 12.38 0.00 1587.24
0.29 2.48 15.29 0.00 1587.24
0.32 3.00 18.50 0.00 1587.24
0.35 3.57 22.01 0.00 1587.24
0.38 4.19 25.84 0.00 1587.24
0.40 4.86 29.97 0.00 1587.24
0.43 5.58 34.40 0.00 1587.24
0.46 6.35 39.15 0.00 1587.24
0.49 7.17 44.20 0.00 1587.24
0.52 8.04 49.55 0.00 1587.24
0.55 8.96 55.22 0.00 1587.24
0.58 9.92 61.19 0.00 1587.24
0.61 10.94 67.46 0.00 1587.24
0.63 12.01 74.05 0.00 1587.24
0.66 13.13 80.94 0.00 1587.24
0.69 14.29 88.15 0.00 1587.24
0.72 15.51 95.66 0.00 1587.24
0.75 16.77 103.47 0.00 1587.24
0.78 18.09 111.60 0.00 1587.24
0.81 19.45 120.04 0.00 1587.24
0.84 20.87 128.78 0.00 1587.24
0.87 22.33 137.84 0.00 1587.24
0.89 23.84 147.20 0.00 1587.24
0.92 25.41 156.87 0.00 1587.24
0.95 27.02 166.86 0.00 1587.24
0.98 28.68 177.15 0.00 1587.24
1.01 30.39 187.76 0.00 1587.24
1.04 32.16 198.67 0.00 1587.24
1.07 33.97 209.90 0.00 1587.24
1.10 35.83 221.44 0.00 1587.24
1.12 37.74 233.29 0.00 1587.24
1.15 39.70 245.46 0.00 1587.24
1.18 41.71 0.00 0.00 1587.24
1.21 43.77 0.00 0.00 1587.24
1.24 45.88 0.00 0.00 1587.24
1.27 48.04 0.00 0.00 1587.24
1.30 48.47 0.00 0.00 1587.24
1.33 -298.78 0.00 0.00 1587.24
1.36 -161.54 1010.94 0.00 1587.24
1.38 -103.38 643.23 0.00 1587.24
1.41 -58.15 360.21 0.00 1587.24
1.44 -25.85 159.59 0.00 1587.24
1.47 -6.46 39.82 0.00 1587.24
1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 1587.24

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO ACI 318 - 2011

Shear force at bottom of wall V = 48.9 kN

Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.35 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 1.00 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)
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Sketch of Wall

Design code: ACI 318 - 2011

4.80kN
0.10
-3.50kN 0.20
0.50

7.42
0.00°
20.00°

35.00°
4.50

kh =0.02g
kv =0.01g
2.50

1.20 0.20
0.10
0.50

Kas=0.26
Kps=8.11
µ=0.70
V= 48.9kN
v= 0.35MPa
Wall type: Cantilever SFslip = 11.38 vc= 1.00MPa
Theory: Coulomb SFslip (ULS) = 7.73
SFovt = 7.68
SFovt (ULS) = 4.83
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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
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E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Wall Bending Moments

Wall Moments

Moment max = 25.52kNm@1.58m

4.00

3.50

3.00

2.50
Height (m)

2.00

1.50

1.00

.500
5.00

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0
Bending moment (kNm)

Base Bending Moments

Base Moments Moment max = -298.8kNm@1.31m

60.0
40.0
20.0
.100

.200

.300

.400

.500

.600

.700

.800

.900

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

-20.0
Bending moment (kNm)

-40.0
-60.0
-80.0
-100
-120
-140
-160
-180
-200
-220
-240
-260
-280
-300

Position (m)