CL 333 Chemical Engineering Lab-2 [2018]

Experiment Number HT 305

Title Finned Tube Heat Exchanger

Sub-group Code B4a

Date of Experiment 06/08/2018

Date of Report Submission 09/08/2018

Roll Number Name Responsibility owned

(data, analysis, plots,
report, none)

160020055 Mayank Chittora Raw data and Report

160020079 Aniket Mandloi Calculations and Result

160020066 Baldev Choudhary Hypothesis and Report

160020034 Aayushman Mishra Data Analysis and Plot

(For use by examiners only)

Criterion TA assigned marks Faculty assigned marks

Calculations [35]

Graphical plots [20]

Hypothesis testing [35]

Report quality [10]

Initials with date

R&P TA initials with date

 1

EXPERIMENT HT - 305
FINNED TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

Contents

S. No. Topics Page No.

1. Raw Data 2

2. Observations 2

3. Calculations 3

4. Error Calculations 5

5. Results 6

6. Plot 7

7. Discussion 8

8. Hypothesis 8

9. Source of Errors 9

10. Precautions 9

11. References 9

12. Suggestions 9
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1. Raw Data

Finned Tube Bare Tube

Height (L) 70mm --

Width (W) 500mm 540mm

Thickness of Fin (b) 3mm --

O.D. of Tube (D) 25mm 25mm

No. of Fins (N) 4 --

Ambient Temperature 28 o​​ C 28 o​​ C

Set point of heater = 105 o​​ C

Thermal Conductivity of fin material (k) = 13.97 kcal/hr-m-​o​C

2. ​Observations

a. Volume of condensate collected in finned tube or bare tube.

Time ( in minutes ) Finned Tube ( in mL ) Bare Tube ( in mL )

15 82 Not Observed

30 69 55

45 62 Not Observed

60 62 48

75 66 Not Observed

90 62 48
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3. Calculations

a. Circumference of Fin (C) = 2(W + b)

= 2*(0.5+0.003) m
= 2*0.503 m
= 1.006 m

b. Cross sectional area of fin (A​c​) = W*b

= 0.5*0.003 m​2
= 0.0015 m​2

c. Fin area available for heat transfer (A​f​) = C*L*N

= 1.006*0.07*4 m​2
= 0.282 m​2

d. Tube area available for heat transfer in finned tube heat

exchanger(A​B​)
= (ΠD − Nb)*W
= (Π*0.025 - 4*0.003)*0.5m​2
= 0.033 m​2

e. Total area of finned tube heat exchanger (A​t​)

= A​f​+A​b
= 0.282 m​2​ + 0.033 m​2
= 0.315 m​2

f. Total area of bare tube heat exchanger (A​bare​)

= Π*D*W
= Π*0.025*0.54 m​2
= 0.0424 m​2
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g. Heat given out by steam through finned tube heat exchanger (Q​1​)
= m​1​*λ
= V​1​/time*Rho*λ
= 0.062L/0.25hr*0.958Kg/L*535 kcal/K
= 127.107 Kcal/hr

h. Heat given out by steam through bare tube (Q​2​)

= m​2​*λ
= V​2​/time *Rho*λ
= 0.048L/0.5hr*0.958Kg/L*535 kcal/K
= 49.203 Kcal/hr

where λ = latent heat of vaporization of water at steam pressure

= 537 kcal/kg
m = density(in kg/L) * volume(in L)/time(in hr)
We took temperature as 105 o​​ C (set point temperature) to calculate
density of water.

i. Film heat transfer coefficient from bare tube (h)

= Q​2​ /(A​bare​*ΔT)
= 49.203 /( 0.0424*77)
= 15.071 kcal/hr m​2​ o​​ C

ΔT = (T​Steam​ - T​ambient​)
= 105-28 o​​ C
= 77 o​​ C

m = √(hC/KA​c​)
= √15.071*1.006/13.97*0.0015
= 26.899

m*L = 26.899 *0.07 m

= 1.883 m

η​fin ​(theoretical) = tanh(mL)/mL

= 0.955/1.883 = 0.507
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j. Amount of heat actually dissipated by fin(Q​fin​)

= Q​1​- (A​B x
​ h x ΔT)
= 127.107 -(0.033*15.071*(105-28))
= 127.107 -(0.497*77)
= 88.812 kcal/hr

k. Amount of heat that can be dissipated by ideal fin(Q​ideal​)

= A​f x​ h x ΔT
= 0.282*15.071*77
= 327.252 kcal/hr

l. Observed value of Fin Efficiency, η​fin​(observed)

= Q​fin​/Q​ideal
= 88.812/327.252
= 0.271

4. Error Calculation

Least Count of T = 0.1 ◦C

Least Count of V = 1 ml
Least Count of t = 1/60 min

Δ Q​1​/Q​1 = ΔV/V + Δt/t

= 1/62 + 1/(60*15)
= 0.017

Δ Q​2​/Q​2 = ΔV/V + Δt/t

= 1/48 + 1/(60*30)
= 0.0214

Δ h/h = ΔQ​2​/Q​2​ + Δ(ΔT)/ΔT

= 0.0214 + 0.1/77
= 0.023
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Δ Q​fin = ΔQ​1​ + (Δh/h + Δ( ΔT)/ΔT)*h*ΔT*A​B

= 2.161 + ( 0.023+0.1/77)*15.071*77 *0.033
= 3.092

ΔQ​fin​/Q​fin = 3.092/88.812
= 0.035

ΔQ​ideal​/Q​ideal = Δh/h + Δ(ΔT)/ΔT

= (0.023 + 0.1/77)
= 0.024

Δη​fin​(observed) /η​fin​(observed) = ΔQ​fin​/Q​fin​ + ΔQ​ideal​/Q​ideal

= 0.035 + 0.024
= 0.059

Δη​fin​(observed) = 0.059*0.271
= 0.016

5. Results

Q​1 Q​2 m m*L η​fin

(kcal/hr) (kcal/hr) (theoretical)

168.110 - - - -

141.458 56.378 28.793 2.015 0.479

127.107 - - - -

127.107 49.203 26.899 1.883 0.507

135.308 - - - -

127.107 49.203 26.899 1.883 0.507

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6. Plot

Plot of condensed volume(in mL) v/s time(in minutes) with error bars showing error
approximation:
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7. Discussion on observations
1. Since the ratio (area of fin edge):(side area of fin) is very small, our
assumption of adiabatic edge holds good.
2. The η​fin, observed ​ is less than η​fin, theoretical
3. The volume of condensate collected from finned tube is nearly 1.3 time the
condensate collected from bare tube {(62/48)=1.29~1.3)}.
4. The volume of condensate decreases with time and attains a steady state
value (when two or more consecutive values become same).

8. Hypothesis
​ . The temperature of the fin decreases along the height(L, ”away from tube”) of
1
the fin. The values obtained from Infrared Thermometer are as follows:
x 0 mm 14 mm 28 mm 42 mm 56 mm 70 mm

T(x) 62​o​C 54​o​C 45​o​C 41​o​C 40​o​C 37​o​C

2. The above temperature variation shows, why the η​fin, observed​(=0.271)is less
than the η​fin, theoretical (=0.507).
​ While calculating our theoretical we have assumed
whole fin to be at temperature T=105​o​C . Whereas, in reality the temperature
decreases and is a distribution along L.
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9. Sources of Error
1. Latent heat of vapourization was taken at a specific temperature (set point)
and may generate some error.
2. We’ve taken fin temperature to be constant. In reality it varies along the
height of fin. This results in our observed efficiency to be less than the
theoretical efficiency.
3. Density of water was taken at 105​o​C. Since the ambient temperature low,
change in density may occur affecting calculation.
4. The finned tube was only laterally covered leaving the above portion open
for parallel movement of changing fan winds in the lab, along the finned
tube. This in turn affects the rate of heat exchange from the finned tube.
5. Some small amount of steam always comes out when collecting water from
the nozzle.

10. Precautions
a. Take great care and use safety gloves while collecting the condensate from
the valve.
b. Keep dead weight safety valve free during the experiment.
c. Steam should not come out when collecting the water for measuring.
d. Keep some empty space above the condensate in the steam generator.

11. Suggestions
1. Finned tube can be coupled with a uniform airflow to prevent random
airflows in the lab entering from the top of exchanger from creating errors
2. Better insulation can be provided for the system.

12. References
1. Heat of vapourization taken from:
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/saturated-steam-properties-d_457.html
2. Density of water taken from:
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html