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Abstract Earthquakes are natural hazards will surely improve the seismic capacity of
which cause disasters are mainly caused by the structure.
damage too or collapse of buildings and The intention of this study is
other man-made structures. Experience has therefore, to investigate the effect of
shown that for new constructions, position of shear wall in earthquake
establishing seismic resistant controls and performance while take regular and irregular
their implementation is the important structure by comparing it with shear wall at
safeguard against seismic induced damage. different position as taken axial forces,
Structure design must be such as to ensure bending moments, displacements are
that the structure has acceptable strength, parameters. This is going to be done in this
high ductility, and will remain as one, even study work, by carrying out a
when applied to very large deformations. comprehensive literature survey and analysis
Socio-economic development and the high- of 10 storey buildings for zone-II and zone-
rise building is a product of scientific and IV earthquake zones.
technological progress. With Keywords Seismic forces, shear wall,
the development of large cities, urban land position, bending moment, shear force, etc.
shortages, urban land prices rising,
prompting the emergence of modern high- 1. Introduction
rise buildings, elevators invention of a more Earthquakes are natural hazards which cause
high-rise buildings are constructed so that disasters are mainly caused by damage too
higher. The magnificent high-rise building is or collapse of buildings and other manmade
structures. Experience has shown that for
a symbol of economic strength has an
new constructions, establishing seismic
important propaganda effect, in an resistant controls and their implementation
increasingly intense business competition, is the important safeguard against seismic
but also played an important role. Shear induced damage. As considers real
walls in buildings must be symmetrically structures, it is necessary to calculate the
located in plan to reduce ill-effects of twist strengthen based on evaluation criteria
in buildings. They could be placed before an earthquake. Structure design must
be such as to ensure that the structure has
symmetrically along one or both directions
acceptable strength, high ductility, and will
in plan. Shear walls are more effective when remain as one, even when applied to very
located along exterior perimeter of the large deformations sociologic factors are
building such a layout increases resistance also crucial, such as density of population,
of the building to twisting. In reality, time of day of the seismic occurrence and
installing a shear wall to a structural system community preparedness for the possibility
of such an event up to now we can do little
to diminish direct seismic effects.
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
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Muto and Kiyoshi et al (1953) have been in addition to its adequate strength, ductility
done relatively little research on the strength and toughness. A moment resisting frame
and behavior of shear walls. Investigators building satisfying all requirements of
concerned primarily with the strength of strength and ductility may still be subjected
low-rise shear walls surrounded by a to severe nonstructural damage, if the inter
reinforced concrete or steel frame and storey drifts are not restricted properly by
subjected to load reversals. They were based means of shear walls. Several stringent
on the philosophy that the entire shear force deflection criteria as well as a damage
is to be carried by reinforcement, when a control index are introduced to be
certain limiting concrete shear stress is conscientiously determined and checked
exceeded. during the design calculations for the
Khan and Fazlur R et al (1964) Proposed a purpose of controlling damage especially to
novel design approach of combining the nonstructural elements.
frame with shear wall for soft story building Sharma (1998) Studied on various
to minimize the weak story effects during structural systems i.e. Moment resisting
earthquake. The lateral load resistance of tall frames, frame-shear wall and frame-coupled
wall-frame building structures comprising a shear wall, concentrically braced frame
combination of moment resisting frames and under seismic excitation, eccentrically
shear walls that are reduced in size or braced frame and hybrid structures, using
terminated entirely at intermediate heights. structural analysis software SAP 90. From
Yanez and Paulay et al (1992) Studied on the results He concluded that design based
seismic behavior of reinforced concrete on drift control criteria generally results into
walls with square openings of different size same levels of stiffness whatever may be the
and arrangement under reversed cyclic structural system and it is advantageous to
loading. From experimental results, it was use correct combination of frame and shear
concluded that appropriately designed walls wall to get uniform inter story drift.
with staggered openings can have the same Qaqish and Daqqaq (2000) Studied on
behavior and ductility as walls with regular effect of small openings on behavior of
openings. It was also concluded that the shear walls and the effect of opening size on
stiffness of walls is dependent on the size of behavior of coupled shear walls. It was
the openings not on their horizontal concluded that opening area approximately
locations. However, effects of vertical less than 0.11 times the wall area surrounded
location were not mentioned. It was by centerlines of columns and beams can be
suggested that the stiffness of walls without categorized as small openings. Comparing
openings can be used for the stiffness of the vertical stresses at the base of shear wall for
walls with openings smaller than 10% of the each size of opening, it was found that the
wall area. effects of small opening can be neglected on
Nollet and Smith (1993) Investigated the overall state of stress due to opening. It was
behavior of wall frame structure using two also concluded that the wall with opening
dimensional models, in which shear walls area less than 0.11 times the wall area acts
were reduced in size or terminated entirely as single cantilever while the wall with that
at intermediate heights and obsarved that greater than 0.11 times and less than 0.29
curtailment of walls was not necessarily times the wall area acts as couple shear
detrimental to the performance of the walls.
structures. El-Tawil et. al (2002) Studied the effect of
Zeynep Sindel et al (1996) Emphasized coupling ratio on response of hybrid coupled
that, the seismic safety of a tall building as walls system. The results of analysis were
well as its susceptibility to non structural examined for evidence of behavioral trend
damage are primarily indexed to its ability versus the change in coupling ratio in the
to restrict the relative storey displacements, system. In the study, coupling ratio (CR) is
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
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and such combination of concrete and brick earthquake from the review of literature its
infill’s can reduces the negative effects of shows that use of shear wall is a good way
brick and concrete infill’s. to provide more level of ductility and getting
R. S. Malik et al (2011) Analyzed the effect more stable behavior and appear to be an
of height on the curtailment of reinforced novel approach to reduce effect of soft story
concrete shear wall special moment resisting in seismic response .in the other hand,
frames and concluded that that curtailment vulnerability level of existing high rise
of shear wall up to 50% height of the building can be increased by adding
building had a marginal effect on the different arrangement of shear wall on
distribution of horizontal story shear among building and it will help for retrofitting of
the shear wall frames and interior frames. structure to resist the major portion of lateral
But height of the building has a significant load induced by an earthquake.
role in story shear distribution Ashish S . Agrawal, S.D .Charkha (2012)
S. V. Venkatesh, H. Sharada Bai (2011) Reveals that the significant effects on
Discussed, the difference in structural deflection in orthogonal direction by shifting
behavior of 10 story basic moment resisting the shear wall location. Placing shear wall
RC frames when provided with two different away from centre of gravity resulted in
types of shear wall as lateral (earthquake) increase in most of the members forces
load resisting structural systems (LRS) and Location of shear wall effects on static and
concluded that external shear walls serve as dynamic axial load on the column. The
an alternative to internal shear walls in displacement of building is uni-directional
retrofitting seismically deficient structures, and uniform for all the grids in the case of
particularly when it is not possible to vacate zero eccentricity for seismic loading. With
the building during retrofitting. the increase in eccentricity, the building
Hasan Kaplan et al (2011) Concluded that shows non-uniform movement of right and
the addition of shear walls to a structure will left edges of roof due to torsion and induces
definitely improve its lateral load carrying excessive moment and forces in member.
capacity. This fact has been demonstrated by
many experimental studies carried out for Problem Formulation and Methodology
infill strengthening walls. However, an infill 3.1 General
wall with poorly designed dowels can even
improve strength performance considerably The growth in computer processing power
by providing bracing effect. On the other has made possible a continuous drive
hand, exterior shear walls cannot improve towards increasingly accurate but at the
the capacity in case of dowel failure. The same time more complex analysis methods.
key point of this study is that exterior shear Thus the state of the art has progressively
walls can be successfully applied to existing moved from elastic static analysis to
vulnerable buildings to improve seismic dynamic elastic, nonlinear static and finally
capacity provided that the dowels are well- nonlinear dynamic analysis.
designed. The literature survey in the performance and
Misam Abidi, Mangulkar Madhuri. N behavior of shear wall when subjected to
(2012)Discussed various aspects regarding seismic loads suggests that the requirement
shear wall discussed by many of the of establishing a methodology for studying
investigators. On adding shear wall to the the response of shear wall to earthquake
building in different arrangement in order to loads has become essential. This will move
reduce soft story effect on structural seismic us toward implementing performance based
response in earthquake excitation. It was analysis by using nonlinear static analysis.
found that location , number and curtailment In the present scenario, because of the wide
of shear wall acts an important factor for the range of geometry possible, the accumulated
soft story structures to displace during understanding is still limited, thus there is a
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
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Fig. 3.2 3- Dimensional view of G+10 Fig. 3.3 11 Storey regular geometry with
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
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Fig. 3.5 11 Storey regular geometry with Fig. 3.6 11 Storey irregular geometry
shear wall at centre with shear wall at centre
Step-3 Selection of 2 seismic zones
Table 3.2: Seismic zones for different cases and models
Type-A (Regular
Case-1 Without shear wall II,IV
geometry)
Shear wall 250mm
Case-2 II,IV
thick at corner
Shear wall 250mm
Case-3 II,IV
thick at centre
Type-B (Irregular
Case-1 Without shear wall II,IV
geometry)
Shear wall 250mm
Case-2 II,IV
thick at corner
Shear wall 250mm
Case-3 II,IV
thick at centre
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
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Maximum Bending Moment X direction for all cases in seismic zone-II are shown in Table 4.1
and Fig. 4.1
160.00 151.25
143.47
138.96
140.00 133.46
BENDING MOMENT (kNm)
120.00
107.35
100.00 95.38
80.00
TYPE-A
60.00
TYPE-B
40.00
20.00
0.00
CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
CASE
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
Volume III– Issue II, March 2016
It can be observed that maximum bending moment in X direction is in TYPE-B, CASE-1 and
minimum is in TYPE-B, CASE-2
Maximum Bending Moment X direction for all cases in seismic zone-II are shown in Table 4.2
and Fig. 4.2
145.00 143.47
140.00 138.96
BENDING MOMENT (kNm)
130.00
TYPE-A
125.71
TYPE-B
125.00
120.00
115.00
CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
CASE
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
Volume III– Issue II, March 2016
It can be observed that maximum bending moment in Z direction is in TYPE-A, CASE-2 and
minimum is in TYPE-B, CASE-2
Maximum Bending Moment X direction for all cases in seismic zone-IV are shown in Table 4.3
and Fig. 4.3
350
300
BENDING MOMENT (kNm)
250
200
150 TYPE-A
TYPE-B
100
50
0
CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
CASE
It can be observed that maximum bending moment in X direction is in TYPE-B, CASE-1 and
minimum is in TYPE-B, CASE-2
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
Volume III– Issue II, March 2016
Maximum Bending Moment X direction for all cases in seismic zone-II are shown in Table 4.4
and Fig. 4.4
300
250
BENDING MOMENT (kNm)
200
150
TYPE-A
100 TYPE-B
50
0
CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
CASE
It can be observed that maximum bending moment in Z direction is in TYPE-A, CASE-1 and
minimum is in TYPE-A, CASE-3
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
Volume III– Issue II, March 2016
Maximum Shear force X direction for all cases in seismic zone-II are shown in Table 4.5 and
Fig. 4.5
80
60 TYPE-A
TYPE-B
40
20
0
CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
CASE
It can be observed that maximum shear force in X direction is in TYPE-B, CASE-1 and
minimum is in TYPE-B, CASE-2
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
Volume III– Issue II, March 2016
Maximum Shear force Z direction for all cases in seismic zone-II are shown in Table 4.6 and
Fig. 4.6
135
130 129.146
125
122.431
121.325
SHEAR FORCE (kN)
119.424118.807
120
115 TYPE-A
110.764 TYPE-B
110
105
100
CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
CASE
It can be observed that maximum shear force in Z direction is in TYPE-B, CASE-1 and
minimum is in TYPE-B, CASE-2
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
Volume III– Issue II, March 2016
Maximum Shear force X direction for all cases in seismic zone-IV are shown in Table 4.7 and
Fig. 4.7
250 233.872
202.97
200 190.928
158.326
SHEAR FORCE (kNm)
150 139.375
114.73
TYPE-A
100
TYPE-B
50
0
CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
CASE
It can be observed that maximum shear force in X direction is in TYPE-B, CASE-1 and
minimum is in TYPE-B, CASE-2
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
Volume III– Issue II, March 2016
Maximum Shear force X direction for all cases in seismic zone-IV are shown in Table 4.8 and
Fig. 4.8
250
202.97 201.473
200 190.928
170.916 165.105
SHEAR FORCE (kNm)
158.326
150
TYPE-A
100
TYPE-B
50
0
CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
CASE
It can be observed that maximum shear force in X direction is in TYPE-A, CASE-1 and
minimum is in TYPE-A, CASE-3
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
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International Journal of Computer and Advanced Engineering Research (IJCAER)
Volume III– Issue II, March 2016
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