K. J.

Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Experiment / assignment / tutorial No. 4

Grade: AA / AB / BB / BC / CC / CD /DD

Signature of the Faculty In-charge with

Date: 18th September, 2018

Batch: A4 Roll No.: 1622018 Experiment No.:4

Title: To Study and Learn static routing configuration

Aim and Objective of the Experiment:

To study concept of routing
To study advantage and disadvantage of static routing
COs to be achieved:
CO3: To discuss Switching, Routing concept and Transport Layer Protocols
Apparatus / Software tools used: Cisco Packet tracer software

Theory:
Every router has a routing table based on which the data packets are forwarded to
the destinations. The router creates the routing table based on factors such
as, interfaces and route types.
Static routes are the routes that the administrator manually enters in the
routing table. These routes define the IP address of the router that is the next hop
of the data packet. Static routes cannot adjust to network changes. For
example, if a router or an interface suddenly fails, the routes cannot
work. Temporary connections, such as, dial-up networks use static routes.

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Static routers conserve bandwidth, since routers do not generate route update
traffic. These routes are time-consuming, as the administrators have to enter
the route information in the routing table.
The ip route command enables us to configure static routes. The syntax of the
command is:
ip route
destination_network_[subnet_mask]
IP_address_of_next_hop_neighbor

Block diagram

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Stepwise-Procedure / Algorithm:

1. Open the CLI of packet tracer.

2. Switch to the privileged mode.
3. Switch to the configuration mode.
4. Perform basic configuration of router
5. Enter the following command prompt to configure static route for the
IP address 172.16.2.0
ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.2
6. Press Enter.

Observations:

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Post Lab Subjective / Objective type Questions:

1. Explain advantages and Disadvantages of static routing.

Advantages
 Static routes are simple and quick to configure.
 Static routing is supported on all routing devices and all routers.
 Static routes are easy to predict and understand in small networks.

Disadvantages
 Static routes require extensive planning and have high management overhead. The more
routers exist in a network, the more routes that need to be configured. If you have 'N'
number of routers and a route between each router is needed, then you must configure N x
N routes, so, for a network of nine routers, you need 81 routes (9 x 9 = 81).
 Static routes do not dynamically adapt to network topology changes or equipment failures.
 Static routing does not scale well in large networks.

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

2. What does a static route do? Why do we use static routing? And what is the static
default route?

Routers forward packets using either route information from route table entries that you
manually configure or the route information that is calculated using dynamic routing
algorithms. Static routes, which define explicit paths between two routers, cannot be
automatically updated; you must manually reconfigure static routes when network changes
occur.
Static routes are used in environments where network traffic is predictable and where the
network design is simple. Static routes should not be used in large, constantly changing
networks because static routes cannot react to network changes. Most networks use dynamic
routes to communicate between routers but might have one or two static routes configured for
special cases. Static routes are also useful for specifying a gateway of last resort (a default
router to which all unroutable packets are sent).
By default, a router prefers a static route to a dynamic route because a static route has a
smaller administrative distance than a dynamic route.

Default Static Routing Parameters

Conclusion: Thus we understood the concept of static routing and implemented it

successfully in Cisco Packet tracer software.

Date: Signature of faculty in-charge with date