Energy Diagnosis, Energy Policy

and Energy Agenda (Session 3)

Gerardo Blanco - Victorio Oxilia
ESENERG

Sustainable Energy Information Management

Program Quito
September 7, 2016
 Summary
• Context for energy policy formulation (Energy,
Development and Society).
• Definitions and scope of energy policies.
• Procedures for analyzing the policies which
are currently in force, based on an updated
diagnosis. Examples.
 IN ORDER TO MAKE AN ANALYSIS, WE NEED TO
UNDERSTAND:

The strategic nature of Energy

• Planning & Policies: agenda of national and sub-national

governments;

• Need for an strategic vision: Energy Sector / Energy System.

OIL resources "worldwide" are considered, such
as a topic of USA’s National Security Policy:

“Conservation and energy research

nevertheless, the United States will continue to
have a vital interest in ensuring access to
foreign oil sources. We must continue to be
mindful of the need for regional stability and
security in key producing areas to ensure our
Access to, and the free flow of these resources..”
(USA Government, National Security
Strategy, 2000, p. 24 and 25)
 economy, our country, and our planet is so high. Not when your generation needs us to
get this right. It is timeto do what we can to secure our energy future.”
President Obama, March 30, 2011

DEVELOP AND SECURE AMERICA’S ENERGY

SUPPLIES
BLUEPRINT FOR A SECURE ENERGY Lead the World Towards Safer, Cleaner, and More
Secure Energy Supplies:
FUTURE “Working with Global Partners to Increase Oil Production and Secure Additional Reliable
March 30, 2011 Supplies: Over the course of the last year, the U.S. and Mexico have been working
Table of Contents together to develop a transboundary agreement that would facilitate the safe and
I. Introduction responsible development of offshore oil resources near our common border. During his
II. Executive Summary March 2011 visit to Brazil, Presidents Obama and Rouseff agreed to work as strategic
III. Develop and Secure America’s Energy Supplies energy partners to the benefit of both countries, including in the safe development of the
vast oil and gas resources in pre-salt prospects in Brazil’s Outer Continental Shelf.”
Expand Safe and Responsible Domestic Oil and Gas Development and
Production
Building Strategic Relationships with Oil Producers: First, we will follow through on the
Lead the World Towards Safer, Cleaner, and More Secure Energy initiatives we have already begun with Mexico where we expect to complete the
Supplies transboundary agreement before the end of the year and with Brazil, where the
opportunities for the use of U.S. drilling and containment technology are abundant,
IV. Provide Consumers with Choices to Reduce Costs and Save Energy especially in the deepwater pre-salt play. We will also continue our contributions to the G-
Reduce Consumer Costs at the Pump with More Efficient Cars and 20’s Global Marine Environment Protection initiative which is designed to facilitiate the
Trucks sharing of best practices with respect to safety and environmental protection during
offshore drilling and production. Finally, we will continue our work assisting other
countries develop their resources in a efficient, safe, and transparent manner while
Cut Energy Bills with More Efficient Homes and Buildings
protecting the environment.

V. Innovate Our Way to a Clean Energy Future

Harness America’s Clean Energy Potential

Win the future through Clean Energy Research and Development

Lead by Example: The Federal Government and Clean Energy

Source: Sauer, Ildo L. (IEE/ Universidade de São Paulo) – Lámina de Presentación en Mesa Redonda Internacional sobre Integración Energética (FP UNA,
6
May 8 and 9, 2014)
Energy and Society
The Energy Periods
The Two Social Revolutions

Agricultural Revolution

- Neolithic period, in the Prehistory.

- Use of cumulative solar energy captured in biomass through the

photosynthesis.

- Significant social alterations: sedentary lifestyle; property;

technology; institutions.

Industrial Revolutions
- Beginning on 1750 (Modern Age – 1st Stage), and it goes up to the 19th and
20th centuries – 2nd Industrial Revolution.
- Use of cumulative solar energy through fossil fuels and energy flows. First
coal and then petroleum and its derivatives. The electricity had also a relevant
impact.
- Alteration in social relationships and distribution of labour (mechanization).
- Intensification of productivity, without precedents.
- Population explosion.
- Consolidation of the capitalist mode of production.
8
8
Source: Howsitit.com Geopolitics in context website, 2008. Editor: Nigel Canelli.
ENERGY AND ECONOMIC TRANSITIONS

The world’s three main energy Ultraliberalism

sources are not renewable

Oil

Universidade de São Paulo

Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer
Keynesian
Restructuring

Hydroelectric Natural Gas

energy
2nd Industrial Revolution

1st Industrial Revolution Coal

Nuclear
Energy
Ancient Societies
Feudalism
Mercantilism Wood

9
Historic evolution of the GDP’s structure of a
typical country

Source: Brazil, MME, PNE 2030

Electricity use vs. Industrial production – Example: China

Fuente: EIA, 2014

The industrialization process requires

energy; particularly electricity.

Source: ROSS, J (2014) - China's Economic Growth in the Light of

the Findings of Modern Western Economic Research
An issue of special concern is the
dispute over the appropriation
of value (e.g. distribution of oil
rents)
• Intrinsic
characteristics of oil - thermodynamics: low entropy, high ability to
produce work;
• Oil’s net energy balance: 1:10 – 1:30
– ETHANOL (from sugar cane): 1:8
– BIODIESEL 1:1 to 1:7
• Cost of oil production: 1-15 US$/barrel (example).
- Market price around 100 US$/barrel. Surplus: 85–100 US$/barrel.
- Economic revenue/surplus disputed (in term of ideological, political and
economic aspects) among Governments and Companies.
• Worldwide Economic System: more than 35 billions barrel/year - Revenue
2.5- 3 trillions US$, in a worldwide GPD of 80 trillions US$ and an estimated
annual surplus of 8 trillions US$.

Source: Sauer, Ildo L. (IEE/ Universidade de São Paulo) – Lámina de

Presentación en Mesa Redonda Internacional sobre Integración
Energética (FP UNA, May 8 and 9, 2014)
 Fuente: Agência Internacional de Energia
“Resources to Reserves”, 2010
Source: Sauer, Ildo L. (IEE/ Universidade de São Paulo) – Lámina de
Presentación en Mesa Redonda Internacional sobre Integración
Energética (FP UNA, May 8 and 9, 2014)
Definitions and Scope of Energy
Policies
Energy Policy

It is the complete and developed expression of a desired

state or situation of the energy system in an specific
territory, where a given public authorities has jurisdictional
attributions to coordinate and execute actions focused on
reaching such a desired situation.
Which is the policy’s objective?

Source: OLADE et al., (2003), Energy Policymaking – A Practical Guidebook

Policies and Planning
Strategies
Energy forecasting

Where do we want to How to prepare and

arrive? execute actions?
How to achieve the When and in what
objectives and reach sequence?
the goals? With what resources?
What we expect for?
Whom will be the
affected?
What are essential aspects to consider in an energy policy?

Energy
Security

Investments &
Institutional Access &
Value
Coordination Affordability
Distribution
Governance

Sustainable Knowledge
Development (G+D+T)
 ¿GOVERNANCE OR
GOVERNABILITY?

Governance:
Governability: Set of decision-making and action
Legitimacy; processes, formal and informal
Competition; rules that aims to lead a sector or
Effectiveness; several sectors of a given or
Directive society in general. By means of it
process on the the public authority is exercised
Society over such sector or sectors. The
governance must express the
strategic vision of a given society.
Elements of sustainable development

Source: Center for Sustainable Development CEMEX TEC, Monterrey

Elements of sustainable development

Source: Center for Sustainable Development CEMEX TEC, Monterrey

 But people don’t have an unique vision

www.mostbeatifulthings.com
23
 But people don’t have an unique vision

SOURCE: OAS, NREL

24
 But the people don’t have an unique vision

www.thyssenkrupp-india.com
25
 But the people don’t have an unique vision

SOURCE: OAS, NREL

26
 Consensus construction

DIFFERENT CULTURES

DIFFERENT INTERESTS

DIFFERENT NEEDS

27
 The countries have different and limited resources

www.gazetavirtual.com.br
28
 We have different energy consumptions

SOURCE: C-SERMS
Contradictory socio-economic conditions
Different initial energy access conditions

www.gazetavirtual.com.br
 Environmental issues
Fuente: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/

Fuente: http://images.sciencedaily.com/

Fuente: http://frack-off.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/20ImpactsShale1.jpg
DIRECT PRESSURE ON NATURAL RESOURCES:
environmental issues

Source: MacKay, D.J.C. (2009). Sustainable Energy – without the hot air. UIT, Cambridge (RU)
Questions?
 General scheme for the formulation process of energy policies

Source: Practical Guide for the Formulation of Energy Policies

Conceptual scheme for the systemic approach of the energy
sector
Regional & Global Context
Natural Resources/Enviromental
Technology
Insfrastructure
Human Resources
Financing

Energy Mix
World & Regional

Governance

Demand
Demand
R+D+i
Supply

Energy Sector Economic Sector Sector

Society Needs
Context

Source: Practical Guide for the Formulation of Energy Policies

But, it is important to be very clear about the key elements needed
to arrive at a «good» Energy Policy

Source: Practical Guide for the Formulation of Energy Policies

• Preparation Stage

• DIAGNOSIS

• FORECASTING
ENERGY DIAGNOSIS: X SUBSECTORS
STRATEGIC AND ANALYTIC AXIS

Source: Practical Guide for the Formulation of Energy Policies

Energy Forecasting
 The Energy Forecasting

Source: Prepared by the authors, based on OLADE et al., 2003, Energy and Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Guide
for the Formulation of Energy Policies.
 Importance/Characteristics of the Forecasting
• Incorporate perspectives of technological evolution.
• Provide sources of knowledge.
• Make possible the dialogue among actors.
• Must raise a wide, collective debate to think about the future.
• Encourage the creation of collaborative networks.
• Provide information to define and develop energy policies.
• “Explore the future”, under a “what-if” mode, by means of the
scenario technique for the uncertainty level in decision-making.

Source: Prepared by the authors, based on OLADE (2014). Manual of Energy Planning.
Processes for the Formulation of Energy Policies

Source: Practical Guide for the Formulation of Energy Policies

It is an analytical tool that enable us to
understand, in a summarized way, the current
situation of a determined subject under study
(organization, economic sector, programs, etc.).

It unlocks elements that help us to make

decisions or trace, policies, objectives, strategies
or solutions.
 Strengths
Weaknesses
SWOT
Opportunities
Threats
SWOT
Strengths, as well as Weaknesses, are
internal elements; this allows us to proceed
straightforward on them.

Opportunities and Threats are external. They

cannot be directly influenced on, but internal
actions might be undertaken to either face
them or avoid them.
 TIPS TO IDENTIFY WEAKNESSES

What might be improved?

What should be avoided?

What is undertaken with difficulties?

 TIPS TO IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES
What trends might enhance or enrich the situation under
study?

Which external elements might improve the situation of the

study case?

TIPS TO IDENTIFY THREATS

Which external situations affect the study case?

Which unfavorable trends might prevent or block the

performance or improvement of the situation under study?
Identification of the initial situation

Source: Practical Guide for the Formulation of Energy Policies

ENERGY AGENDA

• An Energy Agenda should establish a Vision, which it is a clear, concise,

complete statement of how the future energy sector is envisioned once the
objectives set in the policy have been met.

• These objectives can be classified by the range and/or depth of the intention,
namely:
• General or higher-order objectives
• Specific objectives

• An Energy Agenda may also include strategies designed to achieve the

objectives by means of “strategic lines” that say ‘how’ they will be achieved.
 Energy Policy Vision

• The Vision express -in a concise way- the desired end state of the energy
system. It is the expected result of implementing the policies and it is directly
linked to the general objectives.
• The path is defined according to the specific objectives for every transversal
dimension and energy subsector.
• Then, this specific objectives would be operational by means of the strategic
lines, tools and goals for every action.
General Objectives
• General objectives are the generic, comprehensive premises that intervene
structurally within the society affected by an energy policy.
• They collaborate with long-term social, political, environmental, economic and
fiscal sustainability by means of energy development.
• General objectives arise from critical elements of the systemic analysis and they
are general outlines of the energy policy.
• It has in detail the expected desired state.
Specific Objectives
• Specific objectives come from general objectives focusing on different
subsectors, dimensions and/or perspectives.
• These objectives are normally linked to tools with more limited timeframes and
specific targets to be achieved in delimited horizons.
• Specific objectives generally focus on addressing particular situations identified
in the baseline assessment stage.
• They might be referred to transversal dimensions and must be expressed in a
way to point expressible results by means of indicators.
• It is desirable for them to go through a prioritization process in order to
established a hierarchy rank.
Prioritization of Specific Objectives
• Specific objectives that have gone through a prioritization process might be
ranked according to their own contribution for achieving the general objectives.
• By doing so, it provides a quantitative signal about which objectives are
“unpostponable” or “critical” and must be urgently addressed.
• Likewise, measuring the contribution of each specific objective for achieving the
general objectives offers a tool for tracing and control.
 Review of Energy Policies
Comparison matrix initial situation and proposed objectives

Vision Objectives of Energy Policy

Objective Objective Objective Objective Objective

Type SE
1 2 3 4 5

Element 1 W 0 1 0 0 0 1
Baseline elements

Element 2 O 0 0 0 0 0 0

Element 3 S 1 0 0 0 0 1

Element 4 T 1 1 0 0 1 3

Element 5 S 1 1 0 1 0 3

SO 3 3 0 1 1
Stages to elaborate Action Plans (Level: Strategic Lines (SL))

Source: Practical Guide for the Formulation of Energy Policies

The confrontation of Threats and Weaknesses leads to a
selection of survival strategies; this is the most weak
quadrant to which faces the political intervention.

Conversely, the confrontation of Strengths and Opportunities

presents strategic lines that suppose more favorable power
conditions; then, they mean offensive strategies.

In the remaining quadrants are located defensive strategies

(Threats against Strengths) and adaptive strategies
(Weaknesses and Opportunities).

Source: OLADE, Energy Planning Handbook, Chap. II

Source: OLADE, Energy Planning Handbook Chap. II
 Defining objectives based on
review / analysis of policies that
are currently in force in a country
We are back to work in Macondo…
 Weaknesses Strengths
National capacity for taking
External dependence of hydrocarbon
W1 S1 advantage of hydropower
supply
potential
Identified and well-known
W2 Limited capacity to produce biofuels S2
potential of renewables
W3 Unsustainable supply of biomass
W4 Deficient information systems
W5 Governance of the sector
Threats Opportunities
Access to external financing to
T1 Volatility of oil prices O1
support renewables
Effect of climate change on Possibilities to place electricity
T2 O2
hydroelectric power plants surplus in neighboring countries
CLASS ELEMENT DESCRIPTION
External dependence of Vulnerability of the country for being an
W1
hydrocarbon supply importer of 100% of its own oil consumption.

Limited capacity to Companies are not motivated to invest in the

W2 production of ethanol or biodiesel.
produce biofuels
The reforestation programs are not feasible.
Unsustainable supply of
W3 However, wood is the main energy source for
biomass
cooking in rural areas.
The data present several issues: they are not
Deficient information
W4 complete and they are not reliable.
systems

There are no institutional coordination. The

W5 Governance of the sector
functions of the institutions are not clear.
CLASS ELEMENT DESCRIPTION
National capacity for taking
There are specialized and experienced companies and
S1 advantage of hydropower
well-trained national professionals.
potential
There are accurate wind and solar maps and at a
S2 Identified and well-known convenient scale. There are a detailed study of
potential of renewables biomass potential.
T1 Volatility of oil prices High price volatility in the international market

Effect of climate change on Long droughts are recorded. IPCC scenarios show
T2
hydroelectric power plants reduction of the rainfall in the main basins.

Access to external financing to There are possibilities of accessing to international

O1
support renewables financing mechanisms
In neighboring countries the demand for electricity
Possibilities to place electricity
increases. However, long-term incremental costs of
O2 surplus in neighboring
generation in these countries are very high (fossil
countries
fuels).
Important Note:

The techniques and tools showed so far

contribute in the tasks related to policy
making. However, decisions must be taken
within the inter-institutional and multi-
sectoral work team.

Fuente: http://economia.gob.do/mepyd/estrategia-nacional-de-desarrollo-2030/
 O1: EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

O2: RELIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF

ELECTRICITY AT COMPETITIVE PRICES

O3: RELIABLE, DIVERSIFIED AND SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY

OF FUELS AT COMPETITIVE PRICES

O4: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION AND

CONSUMPTION

O5: ADAPTATION TO AND MITIGATION OF CLIMATE

CHANGE

Fuente: http://economia.gob.do/mepyd/estrategia-nacional-de-desarrollo-2030/
Vision Class Objectives of Energy Policy
Efficiente
Electricity Climate
Public Fuel Security Sustainability SE
Security Change
Administration
External dependence of
W 1 1 1 1 0 4
hydrocarbon supply
Limited capacity to produce
W 1 0 0 1 0 2
biofuels
Unsustainable supply of
Baseline Assessment Elements

W 1 0 0 1 1 3
biomass
Deficient information
W 1 0 0 0 0 1
systems
W Governance 1 1 1 1 1 5
National capacity for taking
S advantage of hydropower 1 1 0 1 1 4
potential
Identified and well-known
S 1 1 1 1 1 5
potential of renewables

T Volatility of oil prices 1 0 1 0 0 2

Effect of CC on hydroelectric
T 1 1 1 1 1 5
power plants

External financing to
O 1 1 1 1 1 5
support renewables

Possibilities to place
O electricity surplus in 0 0 0 0 0 0
neighboring countries
SO 10 6 6 8 6
SITUATION INTERPRETATION / ORIENTATION
IF THE SUM OF ELEMENTS (SE) IS AT LEAST ONE GOAL ATTEND THE INITIAL
DIFFERENT THAN ZERO CONDITION.
IF THE SUM OF OBJECTIVES (SO) IS THE CURRENT OBJECTIVE IS RELEVANT.
DIFFERENT THAN ZERO HIGH SUMS MIGHT INDICATE HIGH
RELEVANCE OF THE OBJECTIVE.
IF THE SUM OF ELEMENTS IS ZERO IT IS RECOMMENDED TO DEFINE A
POLICY OBJECTIVE THAT MEETS THE
BASELINE ASSESSMENT ELEMENT.
IF THE SUM OF OBJECTIVES (SO) IS IT MIGHT INDICATE THAT THE OBJECTIVE
ZERO IS NOT APPROPRIATE OR IT IS NOT
UPDATED.
IF ANY SUM SEEMS RELATIVELY IT IS RECOMMENDED TO ANALYZE IF
LOW SOME CHANGES MUST BE INTRODUCED
IN THE OBJETCTIVE.

Sourcee: http://economia.gob.do/mepyd/estrategia-nacional-de-desarrollo-2030/
 O1: EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

A HYPOTHETICAL SITUATION

THE WORK TEAM (dedicted to policy review) DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:

ALTHOUGH IT IS A VERY RELEVANT PURPOSE, THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIES

AND ACTIONS IS ALREADY BEING CONDUCTED BY MEANS OF THE LEADERSHIP OF
THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC SERVICE. THEN, THIS WOULD NOT BE A GOAL OF ENERGY
POLICY BUT COULD BE ADDRESSED, IN ANY CASE, THE SECTORAL WEAKNESS IN
TERMS OF GOVERNANCE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS AS SPECIFIC GOALS THAT
HELPS THE COMPLIANCE OF GENERAL OBJECTIVES.

Fuente: http://economia.gob.do/mepyd/estrategia-nacional-de-desarrollo-2030/
 O2: RELIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF
ELECTRICITY AT COMPETITIVE PRICES

O3: RELIABLE, DIVERSIFIED AND SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY

OF FUELS AT COMPETITIVE PRICES

THE WORK TEAM DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:

AS A GENERAL OR SUPERIOR OBJECTIVE OF THE ENERGY SECTOR, IT HAS BEEN

PROPOSED TO MERGE THE TWO OBJECTIVES INTO ONE.

Fuente: http://economia.gob.do/mepyd/estrategia-nacional-de-desarrollo-2030/
 O4: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION AND
CONSUMPTION

O5: ADAPTATION TO AND MITIGATION OF CLIMATE

CHANGE

THE WORK TEAM DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:

THE OBJECTIVE ON CLIMATE CHANGE MUST BE INCLUDED AS A SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

OF ENERGY SECURITY.

THE OBJECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY MIGHT BE MORE AGGRESSIVE CONSIDERING THE

STRENGTH ON THE NATIONAL RESOURCES POTENTIAL. FURTHER, IT MUST BE
ADDRESSED THE NEED TO GENERATE AWARENESS WITHIN THE POPULATION FOR
A SUSTAINABLE USE OF ENERGY.

Fuente: http://economia.gob.do/mepyd/estrategia-nacional-de-desarrollo-2030/
 Limited capacity to produce
1 0 0 1 0 2
biofuels
Information systems 1 0 0 0 0 1

Volatility of oil prices 1 0 1 0 0 2

Possibilities to place
electricity surplus in 0 0 0 0 0 0
neighboring countries

THE WORK TEAM DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:

THE ELEMENT related to INFORMATION SYSTEMS (W) MIGHT BE INCLUDED AS AN SPECIFIC

OBJECTIVE.

THE ELEMENT related to VOLATILITY OF OIL PRICE VOLATILITY COULDT BE ADDRESSED BY THE
OBJECTIVE OF ENERGY SECURITY.

THE ELEMENT linked to POSSIBILITIES TO TRADE ELECTRICITY SURPLUS MUST BE

ADDRESSED AS AN OBJECTIVE THAT DEALS WITH THE ENERGY INTEGRATION ISSUE.

Fuente: http://economia.gob.do/mepyd/estrategia-nacional-de-desarrollo-2030/
General Objectives of Energy Policies

1 Ensure energy security

2 Promote regional energy integration
3 Use domestic and renewable energy sources
4 Ensure energy access for the entire population
5 Foster understanding among the population about sustainable energy use
Vision Class Objectives of Energy Policy
Regional National Sustainable
Energy Security Access SE
Integration Renewables Energy Use
External dependence of
W 1 1 0 1 1 4
hydrocarbon supply
Limited capacity for the
W 1 0 1 1 1 4
production of biofuels
Unsustainable supply of
Baseline Assessment Elements

W 1 0 1 1 1 4
biomass
Deficient information
W 0 0 0 0 0 1
systems
W Governance 1 1 1 1 1 5
National capacity for taking
S advantage of hydropower 1 1 1 1 0 4
potential
Identified and well-known
S 1 1 1 1 0 4
potential of renewables

T Volatility of oil prices 1 1 0 1 1 4

Effect of CC on hydroelectric
T 1 1 0 1 1 4
power plants

External financing to
O 1 0 1 1 1 4
support renewables

Possibilities to place
O electricity surplus in 0 1 0 1 1 3
neighboring countries
SO 8 6 5 9 7
Let’s continue with our example. This time,
to propose some strategic lines:

Source: http://economia.gob.do/mepyd/estrategia-nacional-de-desarrollo-2030/
 Internal Conditions

Weaknesses Strengths
Ensure Energy Security
External dependence
Limited capacity to Unsustainable Entrepreneurship for Renewables
of hydrocarbon
produce biofuels supply of biomass hydropower plants potential
supply

SL2 promoting the

SL1 diversifying
production of
hydrocarbon suppliers SL3 increasing
Volatility of oil domestic biofuels SL4 promoting
by means of hydropower installed
prices for electricity biofuel production.
cooperative capacity.
generation and
agreements.
transportation

Threats
SL5 promoting
SL6 implementing SL7 promoting the
Effect of climate adequate
adaptive measures to use of domestic
change on reforestation in
climate change in most renewable resources
hydroelectric influence areas of
critical hydropower for electricity
power plants hydro power
plants. generation.
plants reservoirs.

SL12 conducting
Access to
SL9 implementing SL10 promoting studies and research
external SL8 promoting NAMAS SL11promoting the
energy projects for energy to improve
Opportunities financing to and NAPAS in the installation of Small
rural areas based on afforestation and understanding about
support energy sector. Hydropower plants.
renewables. reforestation. the potential of local
renewables
renewable resources.
ENERGY AGENDA

General Objectives of Energy Policies

1 Ensure energy security

2 Promote regional energy integration
3 Use domestic and renewable energy sources
4 Ensure energy access for the entire population
5 Foster understanding among the population about sustainable energy use
 Vision

Satisfy the energy demand of Macondo in a

framework of regional integration, with
security, quality, efficiency and socio-
environmental responsibility, being energy a
factor of economic development and social
progress.
1 Ensure energy security

SL1 diversifying hydrocarbon suppliers by means of cooperative agreements.

SL2 promoting the use of domestic renewable resources for electricity
generation.
SL3 increasing hydropower installed capacity.
SL4 promoting biofuel production.
SL5 promoting adequate reforestation in influence areas of hydroelectric
plants reservoirs.
SL6 implementing adaptive measures to climate change in most critical
hydroelectric plants.
SL7 promoting the use of domestic renewable resources for electricity
generation.
SL8 promoting NAMAS and NAPAS in the energy sector.
SL9 implementing rural electrification projects based on renewables.
SL10 promoting energy afforestation and reforestation.
SL11promoting the installation of PCH’s.
SL12 conducting studies and research to improve understanding about the
potential of local renewable resources.