SCHAUM’S S>_ The perfect aid for better grades! Covers the whole course—theory, definitions, | problems, and more i rh | SEYMOUR LIPSCHUTZ 840 fully worked problems e__ Use alone or with any class text = | Saves study time! Use with these courses: (computer Science | Computer Science I intr to (A intra to Computer Science (47 Programming Language (2 Data StructuresSCHAUM’S OUTLINE OF THEORY AND PROBLEMS of ESSENTIAL COMPUTER MATHEMATICS by SEYMOUR LIPSCHUTZ, Ph.D. Profeswor of Mathematics Temple University erro \ pt. 1 SCHAUM’S OUTLINE SERIES McGRAW-HILL New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogoté Caracus Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Dehli San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo TorontoPreface Computers appear in almost all fields of human endeavor, wherever data are collected and analyzed. Furthermore, with the development of inexpensive mi- crocomputers, more and more individuals are buying and operating their own computer. For these reasons, certain mathematical topics related to the computer formation sciences—in particular, the binary number system, logic cit graph theory, linear systems, probability and statisties—are now being more widely studied. Tnis book is designed to present these and associated topics in an cle- mentary yet comprehensive form. ‘The material has been divided into fourteen chapters, so written that they are mostly independent of one another. Therefore one can change the order of many chapters, or can even omit certain chapters, without difficulty and without loss of continuity. The only prerequisite for most of the book is @ minimal amount of high school mathematics. Each chapter begins with clear statements of pertinent definitions and principles, together with illustrative and other descriptive material. This is followed by grad- ed sets of solved and supplementary problems. The solved problems apply and amplify the theory, as well as provide the repetition of basic principles so vital to effective learning. The supplementary problems serve as a complete review of the material of each chapter. I wish to thank many of my friends and colleagues for invaluable suggestions and critical review of the manuscript. I also wish to express my gratitude to the staff of, the Schaum's Outline Series, particularly to David Beckwith, for their very helpful cooperation. Seymour Lirscuurz,