Planning and Scheduling

Dr. Ir. HM. Agung Wibowo, MM, MSc

Jati Utomo Dwi Hatmoko, ST, MM, MSc, PhD
 Definition (Collins English Dictionary)
 A detailed scheme, method, etc. for
attaining an objective.
 A proposed usually tentative idea for doing
something.
 A diagram or list showing work to be done,
with associated times.
 Planning
Planning is thus a general term
which is used to encompass the
ideas which are commonly reffered
to as programming, scheduling and
organising.
 The Aim of Planning
Its aim can be defined to be making
sure that all work required to
complete a project gets done :
- In the correct order ;
- In the right place ;
- At the right time ;
- By the right people and
equipment ;
- To the right quality ;
- In the most economical, safe and
environmentally acceptable
manner.
 The who of planning
 Client
 Principal Consultant
 Contractor
 Constraint of planning
 Budget Consideration
 Resources Consideration
 Type of Project
Planning and Control Cycle
External information
(production rates,
Head Office
constraints etc.)
Plan work
Work

Control

Correlation
Monitor
information
Techniques of Scheduling
 List of Activities
 Bar chart / Gantt Chart
 Critical Path Method (CPM)
 Precedence Diagram Network (PDM)
 PERT (Programme Evaluation & Review
Technique)
 Line of Balance Method
 Time Chainage Diagram (Mass Haul
Diagram)
 Project Scope
 Scope statement
 a document that provides an understanding,
justification, and expected result of a project
 Statement of work
 written description of objectives of a project
 Work breakdown structure
 breaks down a project into components,
subcomponents, activities, and tasks

Copyright 2006 John Wiley

& Sons, Inc. 9-9
 Work Breakdown Structure for Computer
Order Processing System Project

Copyright 2006 John Wiley

& Sons, Inc. 9-10
  Organizational Breakdown Structure
 a chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for
work items
 Responsibility Assignment Matrix
 shows who is responsible for work in a project

Copyright 2006 John Wiley

& Sons, Inc. 9-11
What activities needed to
do this work?
 Excavate base

 Blind base

 Formwork

 Reinforcement

 Concrete
 Project Scheduling
 Steps
• Excavate base (4d)
 Define activities
 Sequence activities • Blind base (2d)
 Estimate time /duration
• Formwork (5d)
 Develop schedule
• Reinforcement (4d)

• Concrete (1d)

Copyright 2006 John Wiley

& Sons, Inc. 9-13
 Bar Chart
A bar chart shows the activities of a project and
how they are scheduled in time, by using lines or
bars in proportional in length to the scheduled
duration for the activity.
Provides visual display of project schedule
 Gantt Chart / Bar Chart
 Linked Bar Chart
 Resource Bar Chart
 BAR CHART (Gantt Chart)

TIME (weeks)
ACTIVITY
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Excavate base (4d)
Blind base (2d)

Formwork (5d)
Reinforcement (4d)
Concrete (1d)
 Example of Gantt Chart
Month
0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10
Activity
Design house
and obtain
financing
Lay foundation
Order and
receive
materials

Build house

Select paint

Select carpet

Finish work

1 3 5 7 9
Month
Copyright 2006 John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. 9-16
Gantt Chart Advantages ?
(Mawdesley, 1997) Disadvantages ?
Bar Chart
Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages :
1. Simple
2. Easy to make
3. Easy to understand, as it provides visual display of project
schedule
Disadvantages :
1. No clear links between activities
2. If delays occur, the impact on the project is not clear
Linked Bar Chart (Mawdesley, 1997)
Resource Bar Chart (Mawdesley, 1997)
 Check the plan (Mawdesley, 1997)
A plan should be checked for:
 Completeness
 The sequence of the work

 The timing of the work

 The financial implications

 The use of resources

 The quality, safety and environmental

implications
 Make a simple project schedule using barchart

Use only 5 activities

(Work in groups of two)

Activity Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10

1.

2.
1. Define the scope of the project
3. 2. Make a list of activities
3. Put the activities in order
4. 4. Define the durations of the activities
5. Define when the activities starts
5.
 Steps of making a bar chart

1. Define the scope of the project

2. Make a list of activities
3. Put the activities in order
4. Define the durations of the activities
5. Define when the activities starts

Activity Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10

1. Foundation

2. Wall

3. Windows & Doors

4. Roof
5. Finishing (tiles, painting
walls, etc)
 Linking activities in the project

predecessor successor

foundation wall
Finish to Start (FS)

Activity Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10

1. Foundation

2. Wall

3. Windows & Doors

4. Roof
5. Finishing (tiles, painting
walls, etc)
 Network
A network is a diagram showing all
activites which are needed to complete a
project and the order which they must
be done.
It therefore comprises two parts :
 The activities
Some method of displaying the
technological logic of construction.
Network (Mawdesley, 1997)