West Hills College

Bio 38
Lecture Outline/Work Sheet
I. Overview of the Microbial World
II. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure
I. Overview of Microbiology/Historical Microbiology
Text Reference: Chapter 1
I. Overview of Microbiology
A. Types of Microorganisms
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
5. Algae
6. Helminths
7. Viruses
B. Scientific Nomenclature/Classification
1. Carolus Linneaus
2. Genus/Specific epithet
3. Domains of Life
C. Pathogens
1. Primary
2. Opportunistic
D. Beneficial Microorganisms
1. Ecological
2. Industrial
3. Biotechnolgy
4. Normal Flora (microbiota)
II. Historical Microbiology
A. Cell Theory
1. Robert Hooke
2. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
B. Biogenesis vs. Abiogenesis
1. Francisco Redi
2. Louis Pasteur

C. Louis Pasteur

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1. Fermentation
2. Pastuerization
D. Germ Theory of Disease
1. Agostino Bassi
2. Louis Pasteur
3. Robert Koch – Koch’s Postulates (Chapter 14, page 425)
E. Antisepsis
1. Ignaz Semmelweis
2. Joseph Lister
F. Vaccination/Immunization
1. Edward Jenner
2. Louis Pasteur
G. Chemotherapy
1. Paul Ehrlich
2. Alexander Fleming
III. Microbes and Human Disease
A. Normal flora
B. Biofilms
C. Emerging Infectious Diseases
Terminology:
primary pathogen/opportunistic pathogen antiseptic/aseptic
virulence/avirulent taxonomy
aerobic/anaerobic morphology
biogenesis/abiogenesis prokaryotes
normal microbiota (normal flora) eukaryotes
fastidious helminths
antibiotics/penicillin/salvarsan peptidoglycan
saprophyte pasteurization
mycology/phycology fermentation
vaccinia variola
biofilms

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Review
1. Describe the contribution of the following to the science of microbiology:
Louis Pasteur Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
Robert Koch Alexander Fleming
Paul Ehrlich Joseph Lister
Edward Jenner Carolus Linnaeus
Robert Hooke Ignaz Semmelweis
2. Name and describe the basic characteristics of the groups of microorganisms:
3. What are Koch’s Postulates and what are they used for? For what circumstances
must exceptions be made?
4. Name and briefly explain the three Domains of organisms.
5. Give an example of, and explain, a scientific name for a living organism. What are
the conventions to be followed when writing/using these names?
6. Describe the structure of a virus.
7. Describe the beneficial aspects of microorganisms.

II. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structures

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Text Reference: Chapter 4

I. Overview of Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
II. Prokaryotic Cell Structures
A. Morphology & Arrangement
B. Structures
1. Glycocalyx/Capsule
2. Flagella
3. Fimbriae/Pili
4. Cell Wall
Gram Positive/Negative
Acid Fast
5. Plasma Membrane
Selective Permeability/Diffusion/Osmosis/Active/Transport
6. Cytoplasm
Nuclear Area/Nucleoid/Plasmids
Ribosomes
Inclusions
7. Endospores
III. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
A. Structures
1. Flagella & Cilia
2. Cell Wall & Glycocalyx
3. Plasma Membrane
4. Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
5. Organelles
a. Nucleus
Nucleolus/Chromatin
b. Endoplasmic Reticulum
c. Golgi Complex
d. Lysosome
e. Vaculoes
f. Mitochondria
g. Chloroplasts

B. Evolution of Eukaryotes
Endosymbiotic Theory
Questions/Review:
I. Cell Structure

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1. Describe the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell, listing all major differences between
the two types:
2. For the following cell structures:
a. describe their structure and function
b. indicate in which type of cell they would be found (eukaryotic,
prokaryotic, or both). If a structure is found in both cell types, describe any
differences between the type found in each cell.
endoplasmic reticulum cell (plasma) membrane cell wall
golgi complex flagella (flagellum)/endoflagella (axial filament)
pili (pilus) ; fimbriae inclusions/storage granules
cilia (cilium) chloroplast mitochondria
nucleus ribosomes lysosomes
capsules (glycocalyx) endospores cytoplasm
cytoskeleton chromosomes nucleoid/nuclear area
nucleoli (nucleolus) plasmids vacuoles

II. Terminology
cocci/coccus bacilli/bacillus spirochetes spirillum staphylo-
strepto- diplo- pleomorphic monomorphic
amphitrichous lophotrichous amphitrichous peritrichous
lysis porins osmosis phospholipids
selective permeability active transport peptidoglycan
diffusion (simple/facilitated) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
isotonic hypertonic hypertonic microtubules
chromatin histones cristae/crista matrix
catalase hyphae mycelium dimorphism
proteins (peripheral/integral) permeases endosymbiotic theory
secretion/excretion mycolic acid

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