MACRO ECONOMICS

NCBA&E
(National College of Business
Administration & Economics WCC)

A Project on

OVER POPULATION IN PAKISTAN

CAUSES EFFECTS & THEIR SOLUTIONS

Project Advisor

Prof. HASEEB ZAIDI

Department of Business Administration Session 2013-2017

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This write-up has been prepared and submitted to fulfill

the partial requirement for the degree of Bachelor’s.

Submitted by:

No. Student Id. Student Name Signature

1. BS-FA02-10 Faria Anwaar

Approved by:
Prof. HASEEB ZAIDI
NCBA&E JULY 20, 2016.

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UNDERTAKING

The project has been written by FARIA ANWAAR (BS-FA02-

10) as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of Bachelors from NATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS

ADMINISTRATION & ECONOMICS, WEST CANAL CAMPUS.

COPYRIGHTS

All copyrights and privileges are reserved by the Department

of Business Administration.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First of all, I am grateful to ALMIGHTY ALLAH for grant of the

endurance and patience required in carrying out the Project. I

am also thankful to my respected and capable teachers for

their timely advice and cooperation. I am also grateful to my

loving parents, for the prayers and encouragement that helped

me at every stage of the Project.

The project was carried out under the able guidance of Prof.

HASEEB ZAIDI, a true professional who has excellent

command over the subject. He helped me to conceive the

project to start with and later-on sorted out my numerous

queries and enabled me to complete the project. I am

extremely thankful to him for his precious time and

dedication.

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DEDICATIONS

I dedicate this project to my loving parents, whose prayers are

always with me. I confer this project to all the teachers in my

whole educational career. Along with all, I bestow my project

to some special personalities, whose help led me towards the

completion of this project.

DECLARATION

This project is the result of indigenous efforts and this will not

be presented in any other University/Institute for any other

degree or qualification.

FARIA ANWAAR

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CONTENTS
1. Over Population ............................................................................................ 8

2. Population Of Pakistan ................................................................................ 8

3. Some Facts About Pakistan’s Overpopulation .......................................... 9

4. Some More Facts........................................................................................... 9

5. Population Groups ...................................................................................... 10

6. Over Population Causes ............................................................................. 11

i. ALLAH Is Raziq ..................................................................................................... 11

ii. Decline In Mortality Rates.................................................................................... 11

iii. Increase In Immigration ........................................................................................ 11

iv. Unsustainable Biome ............................................................................................. 11

v. No Family Planning ................................................................................................ 12

vi. Early Marriages ....................................................................................................... 12

vii. Polygamy................................................................................................................... 12

viii. Universality Of Marriage ...................................................................................... 12

ix. Absence Of Other Activities ................................................................................ 12

x. Cultural Influences.................................................................................................. 13

7. Overpopulation Effects .............................................................................. 13

i. No Advanced Technology For Developments................................................. 13

ii. Limited Food Supply Available .......................................................................... 14

iii. Poverty ....................................................................................................................... 14

iv. Pollution .................................................................................................................... 14

v. Inflation ..................................................................................................................... 15

vi. Low Living Standard.............................................................................................. 15

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vii. Adverse Balance Of Payment .............................................................................. 15

viii. Reduction In Wage Rate........................................................................................ 16

ix. Increase In Dependence Ratio ............................................................................. 16

x. Degradation Of Environment ............................................................................... 16

8. Overpopulation Solutions .......................................................................... 17

i. Depopulate ................................................................................................................ 17

ii. Death Penalty For Criminals ................................................................................ 17

iii. Make Euthanasia Legal ......................................................................................... 17

iv. Proper Family Planning ......................................................................................... 18

v. Promoting Education .............................................................................................. 18

vi. Best Hospital Facilities .......................................................................................... 18

vii. Plant A Tree For A Birth ....................................................................................... 19

viii. Break Tribalism Culture- Unnecessary Marriages ......................................... 19

ix. Support Women In Education And Professional Fields ................................ 19

9. Conclusion ................................................................................................... 20

10. References .................................................................................................................... 21

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1. OVER POPULATION

Overpopulation is when there are too

many people for the available ground and

resources to support everyone. It is a

function of number of individuals

compared to relevant resources, such as

the water and essential nutrients they need

to survive.

Arithmetic density is the common way

of measuring population.

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐍𝐨. 𝐎𝐟 𝐏𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞

𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐎𝐟 𝐋𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝑲𝒎𝟐

2. POPULATION OF PAKISTAN

Pakistan is currently the sixth most

populous country in the world. Pakistan

has remarkable young age structure,

which puts a considerable stress on the

economy.

These young people if not properly

trained will only add marginally to the

productive resources of the country but

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will put a large burden on health, education

and jobs.

This will worsen both the economic

and social situation. Conversely with

effective government policies for their

education and training, these youth can

become a powerful force for economic

development.

3. SOME FACTS ABOUT PAKISTAN’S OVERPOPULATION

 Pakistan is the 38th largest country in the world & 6th largest in population.

 The total population is 192,077,955 as on Sunday, April 24, 2016, based on the latest

United Nations estimates.

 The population is equivalent to 2.57% of the total world’s population.

 Population density is 250

Km2.

 The population growth

rate is 1.92 percent.

4. SOME MORE FACTS

 23.19 births/1,000

population every day

 6.58 deaths/1,000

population every day

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 The median age is 22.7

years

 38.6% of the population

is urban

 61.4% is rural

 Rate of

urbanization 2.68%

 Life expectancy

o Male 65-70 years

o Female 69-72

years

 World population: Seven Billion. (2011)

 Pakistan's major alliances: Arab and Muslim countries, along with China and USA.

 Pakistan’s major rivalries: India and Israel.

5. POPULATION GROUPS

 The Punjabi 48%

 The Pashtun 8%

 Sindhi 12%

 Saraiki 10%

 Urdu 8%

 Balochi 3%

 Other 11%

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6. OVER POPULATION CAUSES

i. ALLAH IS RAZIQ

Muslims have a solid belief

that God gives food to everyone even

to an ant living in a stone. So, why

they reduce the size of family? That’s

the major cause of overpopulation

now days in Pakistan.

ii. DECLINE IN MORTALITY RATES

At the root of overpopulation is the difference between the overall birth rate and death

rate in populations. If the number of children born each year equals the number of adults that

die, then the population will stabilize.

iii. INCREASE IN IMMIGRATION

An arrival of refugees from

India and especially from

Afghanistan is also resulting in

more population.

iv. UNSUSTAINABLE BIOME

Due to the warm climate,

youth and maturity is attained at an

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early age. It also results in rapid

population growth.

v. NO FAMILY PLANNING

Effective family planning is

not available in Pakistan. People

are not familiar with the methods

of family planning. They feel

hesitation to consult a doctor.

vi. EARLY MARRIAGES

The marriages take place usually between 16 to 22 years of age in Pakistan. The

duration for re-productivity is very lengthy.

vii. POLYGAMY

Polygamy is the condition or practice of having more than one wife at one time. The

existence of polygamy also contributes to the increase in population.

viii. UNIVERSALITY OF MARRIAGE

All men and women of

marriageable age enter into wedlock. As

such the birth rate is higher in Pakistan.

ix. ABSENCE OF OTHER ACTIVITIES

There is absence of recreational

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facilities and employment opportunities in

Pakistan. Time passing and any other

enjoyments in Pakistan are very costly. So,

people have a more time to spend with their

wives

x. CULTURAL INFLUENCES

The concept of birth control is not

widely accepted. Adopting birth control

measures is considered taboo in certain

cultures. Some cultures foster beliefs where marrying at a certain age or having a certain

number of children is considered to be ideal. In some cultures male children are preferred.

This indirectly forces couples to produce children till a child of the preferred gender is

conceived. Plus, there is a pressure from the family and society to have children. Social

norms influence decisions of starting and extending one's family. In cultures where a

woman's role is considered to be that of a child-bearer, large families become the norm.

7. OVERPOPULATION EFFECTS

i. NO ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

FOR DEVELOPMENTS

With latest technological

advancement and more discoveries in

medical science, it has become

possible for couple who are unable to

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conceive to undergo

fertility treatment methods

and have their own babies.

Today there are effective

medicines which can

increases the chance of

conception and lead to rise

in birth rate.

ii. LIMITED FOOD SUPPLY AVAILABLE

People in Pakistan get poor diet, which affects the health and working capacity. It

reduces the per capita income, which is a sign of population explosion.

iii. POVERTY

Very high population growth rate reduces the per capita income, saving, investment

and productivity. A country is thus caught up in vicious circle of poverty. Vicious circle of

poverty is also a symbol of over population.

iv. POLLUTION

There is not any effective system to control the pollution. Capitalists install industries

with billion dollars of resources but

do not install treatment plants of

million rupees. The rapid growth

of population creates pollution,

unplanned colonies and

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environment problems.

v. INFLATION

There is more

demand for goods due to

more population. More

demand results in more

prices and inflation in the

country. Rate of inflation

is 14.1 % in Pakistan.

vi. LOW LIVING

STANDARD

Rising population cannot be provided the basic facilities of life in developing countries

like Pakistan. So, rising population means low living standard. About 21 % population is

living below poverty line.

vii. ADVERSE BALANCE OF

PAYMENT

Over populated nation has

to import various items to support a

huge population. On the other hand

their export decreases. Due to over

population our balance of payment

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is unfavorable in case of

Pakistan. At present value of

deficit in balance of payment

is $ 8.3 billion.

viii. REDUCTION IN WAGE

RATE

High growth rate of

population is caused in more labor force and unemployment. There is absence of skill and

training that leads to low wage rate.

ix. INCREASE IN DEPENDENCE RATIO

Rapid rise in population growth increases the dependency ratio of unemployed

population to employed population. Labor force is 54.92 million of the population in Pakistan

and remaining population is depending upon them.

x. DEGRADATION OF ENVIRONMENT

With the overuse of coal, oil and natural gas, it has started producing some

serious effects on our environment. Rise

in the number of vehicles and industries

have badly affected the quality of air.

Rise in amount of CO2 emissions leads

to global warming.

Melting of polar ice

caps, changing climate patterns, rise in

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sea level are few of the

consequences that we might we

have to face due to environment

pollution.

8. OVERPOPULATION

SOLUTIONS

i. DEPOPULATE

The high birth rate i.e. 1.92 percent should be discouraged to reduce the population

size. Effective and successful family planning should be introduced.

ii. DEATH PENALTY FOR CRIMINALS

The criminals especially who are involved in making our population ineffective should

be hanged as soon as possible. I.e. the drug traders.

iii. MAKE EUTHANASIA LEGAL

Euthanasia is the practice of

intentionally ending a life in order to relieve

pain and suffering. People suffering from

paralysis are totally dependent on other they

need people round a clock to make them

possible to move. They should have the right

to take their life and to reduce constant

suffering and pain.

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iv. PROPER FAMILY

PLANNING

As population of this

world is growing at a rapid

pace, raising awareness

among people regarding

family planning and letting

them know about serious

after effects of overpopulation can help curb population growth. One of the best ways is to let

them know about various safe sex techniques and contraceptives methods available to avoid

any unwanted pregnancy.

v. PROMOTING EDUCATION

One of the first measures is to implement policies reflecting social change. Educating

the masses helps them understand the need to have one or two children at the most. Families

that are facing a hard life and choose to have four or five children should be discouraged.

Family planning and efficient birth

control can help in women making their

own reproductive choices. Open

dialogue on abortion and voluntary

sterilization should be seen when talking

about overpopulation.

vi. BEST HOSPITAL FACILITIES

Government should open the

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health clinics in all the regions of the country. These clinics will be useful for reducing the

high birth rate.

vii. PLANT A TREE FOR A BIRTH

On every birth of child plant a tree for him\her. So that he could have the oxygen of

his\her part in the surroundings

viii. BREAK TRIBALISM CULTURE- UNNECESSARY MARRIAGES

Marriages should take place in late age to control the rapidly rising population. It will

be helpful to control the over population.

ix. SUPPORT WOMEN IN EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL FIELDS

Only 29 % women take an active part in the economic activities in Pakistan. They live

full time at home and have no opportunity cost to have a baby.

x. TAX BENEFITS OR CONCESSIONS:

Government of various countries might have to come with various policies related to tax

exemptions to curb overpopulation. One of them might be to waive of certain part of income

tax or lowering rates of income tax for those married couples who have single or two

children. As we humans are more inclined towards money, this may produce some positive

results.

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9. CONCLUSION

Perhaps if solutions like the

one child policy or birth control

and others were applied to

Pakistan the population growth

would get slow. Only with the

efforts of people and ourselves,

would help us to reduce the

population growth and continue to

live the lives we currently have.

High growth rate of population creates unfavorable effects on the economic

development in the developing countries like Pakistan. High rate of population growth in

Pakistan means poverty, illiteracy, and low living standard, absence of prosperity and vicious

circle of poverty.

If we continue to have such a

high population growth rate we will

struggle to support the billions of

people on this planet. This will cause

famine and conflict and will limit the

resources for future generations. We

will destroy the earth rather than

preserving it which is our duty since

we dwell the earth.

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10. REFERENCES

http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_15/Overview_of_the_Economy.pdf

http://ahsankhaneco.blogspot.com/2012/04/over-population-in-pakistan-causes.html

http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/urban-threats2/

http://www.everythingconnects.org/overpopulation-effects.html

http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/urban-threats2/

http://www.lucidpages.com/doom.html

http://www.everythingconnects.org/overpopulation-solutions.html

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