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With a great pleasure and privilege we are presenting this report with our deepest gratitude to our
institute for providing us this immense.
We would like to acknowledge our sincere thanks, to Dr. Himani Joshi (Academic Coordinator)
for her guidance throughout the project, her interest, enthusiasm and Involvement had been
greatest motivational factor during the study.
It is a privilege to have weighty appreciation to Mrs. Neha Saxena for giving us complete
support and cooperation, and for helping us with the knowledge regarding the planning of the
business and execution of the same.
1. Introduction 4
6. Comparative Analysis 31
8. Annexure 37
9. References 40
Bajaj Auto is a major Indian automobile manufacturer. It is India's second largest two wheeler
manufacturer and the world's 4th largest two- and three-wheeler maker. It is based in Pune,
Maharashtra, with plants in Akurdi and Chakan (Pune), Waluj (near Aurangabad) and Pantnagar
in Uttaranchal. Bajaj Auto makes and exports motorscooters, motorcycles and the auto rickshaw.
Over the last decade, the company has successfully changed its image from a scooter
manufacturer to a two wheeler manufacturer. Its product range encompasses scooterettes,
scooters and motorcycles. Its real growth in numbers has come in the last four years after
successful introduction of a few models in the motorcycle segment
The strength of the company is its quality products, excellence in engineering and design, and its
ability to delight the customers. The Pulsar, introduced in November 2004, is continually
dominating the premium segment of the motorcycle market, helping to maintain the market
superiority. Discover DTSi, one more successful bike on Indian roads, is in the 'value' segment
of the motorcycle market. It incorporates a high degree of power with fuel efficiency of a 100 cc
motorcycle
Ans: Gross profit margin gives a good indication of financial health. Without an adequate gross
margin, a company will be unable to pay its operating and other expenses and build for the
future.
a.) The Indian automotive sector has been hit by the fall in demand growth. The third
quarter of 2008-09 was particularly fierce. Average monthly sales of motorcycles in India
b.) Then came the hit in the third quarter, coinciding with the global financial meltdown and
very sharp cutbacks in the availability of consumer and retail credit.
The ratio shows the earnings left for share holders as a percentage of net sales. It measures the
overall efficiency of production, administration, selling, financing. Pricing & tax management of
the firm.
13.86
12.66
7.95
7.075
Reason: Operating profit before tax (PBT) fell by 16.4% to Rs.8.46 billion. This was largely due
to a voluntary retirement scheme (VRS) of Rs.1.83 billion and mark-to-market losses of Rs.218
million. Even so, the operating profit margin was 9.6% of net sales and other operating income.
But decline in domestic sales have been offset by increase in international sales. The company
continues to be the country’s largest exporter of two- and three-wheelers. During 2008-09, Bajaj
Auto’ international sales achieved an all-time high of 772,519 units of two- and three-wheelers
— representing a growth 25% over the previous year. The growth was driven by the export of
two wheelers, which increased by 31% over 2007-08 to achieve sales of 633,463 units in 2008-
09. The total value of exports was Rs.26.4 billion, representing a growth of 29%.
A measure of a corporation's profitability; ROE reveals how much profit a company generates
with the money shareholders have invested.
47.61
37.86
23.09 22.36
Ans: the net profit of the Bajaj auto ltd has decline.
A ratio that indicates the efficiency and profitability of a company's capital investments.
39.71
31.66
23.32 20.9
Ans: profit before interest is declining & capital employed has increased (debt has increased in
2008-09).
An indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. ROA gives an idea as to
how efficient management is at using its assets to generate earnings. This is an important ratio
for companies deciding whether or not to initiate a new project
Return on Assets
Return on Assets
15.3
11.05 11.91
10.6
The ratio is mainly used to give an idea of the company's ability to pay back its short-term
liabilities (debt and payables) with its short-term assets (cash, inventory, receivables). The higher
the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its obligations
The current ratio has increased from .79 in 2007-08 to .90 in 2008-09.
Ans: Reason: Many companies have been forced to delay payments to vendors; Bajaj Auto has
gone the other way — helped its suppliers and dealers by offering improved payment terms by
significantly reducing payment cycle. This has reduced the current liabilities for the company &
the rise in export debtors, shows up in an increase in operating working capital as at 31, March
2009. In this way company is able to maintain healthy current ratio.
An indicator of a company's short-term liquidity. The quick ratio measures a company's ability to
meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets. The higher the quick ratio, the better
the position of the company
Quick Ratio
Quick Ratio
0.76
0.69
0.4339967
0.3635725
1 2 3 4
Reason: Quick ratio is lesser than current ratio because the major share in current asset
comprise of inventory & prepaid expenses which have been deducted while calculating
quick ratio. That’s why it is less than current ratio.
0.93
0.84
0.31 0.29
1 2 3 4
Interest coverage ratio is a measure of a company's ability to honor its debt payments.
Interest Coverage
Interest Coverage
4,280.03
17.) What is stock turnover ratio? What is the implication of this ratio?
Stock Turnover Ratio: Stock turnover ratio is a ratio between cost of goods sold and average
stock. This ratio is also known as stock velocity or inventory turnover ratio.
36.88
34.14
29.33 28.64
This ratio provides guidelines to the management while framing stock policy. It measures how
fast the stock is moving through the firm and generating sales. It helps to maintain a proper
amount of stock to fulfill the requirements of the concern. A proper inventory turnover makes the
business to earn a reasonable margin of profit.
a. Debtor’s turnover Ratio: Debtors turnover ratio indicates the relation between net credit
sales and average accounts receivables of the year.
29.86
22.66 21.93
Objective and Significance: This ratio indicates the efficiency of the concern to collect the
amount due from debtors. It determines the efficiency with which the trade debtors are managed.
Higher the ratio, better it is as it proves that the debts are being collected very quickly.
b. Debt Collection Period: Debt collection period is the period over which the debtors are
collected on an average basis. It indicates the rapidity or slowness with which the money
is collected from debtors.
This ratio indicates how quickly and efficiently the debts are collected. The shorter the period the
better it is and longer the period more the chances of bad debts.
19.) What is fixed asset turnover? What is the implication if this ratio?
2.96 2.95
2.62 2.6
Objective and Significance: This ratio expresses the number to times the fixed assets are being
turned over in a stated period. It measures the efficiency with which fixed assets are employed. A
high ratio means a high rate of efficiency of utilization of fixed asset and low ratio means
improper use of the assets.
The profit and loss statement reports the results of operations and indicates the reasons for
company’s profitability. It summarizes the revenues and expenses of an accounting period.
2.) What was the reason of the decline in the sales figure of Bajaj automotives in 2008-09 as
compared to the previous year?
The Indian automotive sector has been hit by the combined effect of a severe credit crunch and a
fall in demand growth. The third quarter of 2008-09 was particularly fierce. Average monthly
sales of motorcycles in India fell by
Over 17% in Q3 2008-09 versus Q2 — from an average of 524,939 units per month to 435,114.
The interest paid increased from 5.16 to 21.8from 2008 to 2009. The reason is due to the increase
in debt.
4.) What are the sales expectations for the next year??
Company will be introducing upgraded Pulsar models in May 2009 and brand new models for
the executive segment in the second quarter of 2009-10. With these, and the positive response to
the XCD 135 cc which was introduced in
February 2009, I expect sales to recover in 2009-10 — not to the levels seen in 2006-07, but
better than most of 2008-09.
Despite the severe contraction in company’s sales in 2008-09, it has been able to maintain
healthy operating margins. Indeed, the fourth quarter saw a rise in the margin to 15.2% of net
sales and other operating income. This has much to do with a better product mix, higher
productivity and lower input costs. The other reason is the management focus on lower costs and
greater profitability.
6.) What was the reason for decline in operating profit before tax?
Operating profit before tax (PBT) fell by 16.4% to Rs.8.46 billion. This was largely due to a
voluntary retirement scheme (VRS) of Rs.1.83 billion and mark-to-market losses of Rs.218
million. Even so, the operating profit margin was 9.6% of net sales and other operating income.
The changes in cash flow from operating activities are largely due to depreciation & VRS
compensation by the firm.
Depreciation 127.22
4.) How the requirements for working capital meet by the company?
Ans: Short term loans & other borrowings
Short term loans 261.82. The borrowings (as a part of financing activities) have helped to meet
the requirements of large working capital.
7.) What are the major component affecting changes in cash flow from financing activities?
Ans: Dividend paid 288.5, short term borrowings and foreign exchange transactions are affecting
the cash flow from financing activities.
2.) How would it help Bajaj auto ltd to reach on certain conclusion?
If the cash-flow-to-net-income ratio is greater than 1, it is most likely because of noncash
expenses like depreciation and amortization, as well as revenues that are received before they are
earned. Noncash expenses reduce net income but have no effect on cash flow. The bigger the
ratio, the more accounting assumptions are impacting net income.
4.) What do you infer about Bajaj auto ltd after calculating this ratio?
In BAJAJ AUTO LTD case, as the ratio is less than 1,so it can be inferred that the cash
generated from operating activities in not sufficient to support investing and financing operations
of the firm
= 0.11
=276.46+21.89+288.8
=26.82
With the cash interest coverage ratio of 26.82, we can say that BAJAJ AUTO LTD is sufficiently
able to pay back the interest on its debt through the cash generated on its operating activities.
7.) What is the implication of cash to capital expenditure? How does it help the firm?
Herohonda offers efficient vehicles for huge population segment. While the major products of
the Bajaj are for the specific segments like pulsar for youth, rickshaw for commercial use. But
Bajaj is also coming up with variety of models for the mass which provides the growth
opportunity.
2.) What about the turnover ratios of hero Honda, they are healthier than Bajaj?
Yes as we can see the raw material cycle, debtor cycle, creditors cycle, all are healthy and better
than Bajaj in hero Honda
The finished turnover ratios are good because of the continues demand or the product offered
by the hero Honda so might be their finished goods inventory moves faster as compared to Bajaj.
But if we see the raw material working cycle its better in Bajaj than hero Honda which is a good
sign for Bajaj.
3.) Earning per share of Bajaj was less than hero Honda?
The current market price of Bajaj is 1700 and that of Hero Honda is 1734.55 and the EPS of
Bajaj in March was 45.37 and that of hero Honda was 64.18. So it’s clear that the Bajaj lags
behind. But just from the past data it can not be blindly said that the Bajaj will earn lesser. The
company is coming up with 2 new models this year and may be two more next year. It has
invested a lot in Research and development in the recent years which is expected to fetch good
results. Thus we can say that hero Honda is good but Bajaj can also be included in your portfolio
looking at the future growth opportunities.
The things we can conclude from the analysis is that the current year’s EPS , P/E ratio, sales, net
profit margin are all healthier in Hero Honda and hence it gives a good opportunity to an
investor. Simultaneously Bajaj can also be a good option with respect to future growth. A slight
risk in Bajaj may lead to higher +ve return in future.
As the debtor working cycle is 12.2 very less than creditors working cycle 53.06 .Thus it is good
for the company as the company is recovering money faster and paying money after long time.
Goods carriers
Industry sales 130,826 82,382 (37.0%)
Bajaj Auto sales 26,714 10,197 (61.8%)
Bajaj Auto market share 20.4% 12.4% (8.0%)
Total 3-wheelers
Industry sales 506,006 497,793 (1.6%)
Bajaj Auto sales 290,312 274,529 (5.4%)
Bajaj Auto market share 57.4% 55.1% (2.3%)
(21st Dec 2009)
(Rs. in Crores)
(Rs. in Crores)