Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
University of Huddersfield
d.boduszek@hud.ac.uk
Introduction to Multiple Regression (MR)
Types of MR
Assumptions of MR
SPSS procedure of MR
Example based on prison data
Strong
relationship
?
?
Time spent with
Criminal Friends
MR is used to explore the relationship between set
of IVs or predictors (usually continuous but not
only)and one DV (continuous)
IV1
IV2 DV
IV3
N > 50 + 8m
N = number of Participants
m = number of IVs
Criminal Friends
• Measures
• The Measure of Criminal Social
Identity (Boduszek et al., 2012)
• Criminal Friend Index (Mills &
Kroner, 1999)
• Recidivistic behaviour (number of
incarcerations)
From the menu at the top of the screen click Analyze, then
select Regression, then Linear
Choose you continuous
DV (Level of Recidivism)
and move it into the
Dependent box
Click Statistics
Click on the Statistics
button
Click Continue
Click on the Options
button.
Click on Continue.
Click on the Plots button.
Standardized residuals of
more than 3.3 or less than -3.3
indicates outliers (Tabachnick
& Fidell, 2007)
Step 2: Evaluating the model
Time
spent
Criminal
with
Identity
Criminal
Friends
Criminal
Behaviour
The ANOVA table indicates that the model as a whole is
significant
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig. 95.0% Confidence Interval for B Correlations Collinearity Statistics
Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta Lower Bound Upper Bound Zero-order Partial Part Tolerance VIF
Number of Criminal Friends .150 .032 .278 4.703 .000 .087 .212 .365 .262 .248 .797 1.255
1
Time Criminal Friends .108 .044 .136 2.488 .013 .023 .194 .227 .142 .131 .933 1.071
Criminal Identity .050 .022 .130 2.235 .026 .006 .093 .268 .128 .118 .824 1.214
Descriptive Statistics
Since no a priori hypotheses had been made to determine the order of entry of the predictor
variables, a direct method was used for the multiple linear regression analysis. The three
independent variables explained 17% of variance in criminal behaviour (F(3, 299) = 20.02, p <
.001).
In the final model all three predictor variables were statistically significant, with number of
criminal friends recording a higher Beta value (β = .28, p < .001) than the time spend with
criminal friends (β = .35, p < .05) and criminal social identity (β = .13, p < .05).
Criminal Friends
.28***