Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Graham Holloway
Metrode Products Ltd
UK
Jakarta, Indonesia
28th November 2006
1
Welding consumables Properties specified
Preheat:
Normally none.
Interpass:
150°C maximum.
Forced air cooling has been used.
Heat input:
0.5-2.5 kJ/mm.
Normally < 1.75 kJ/mm.
Normally > 0.75 kJ/mm.
Weld toughness
40J average (30J min) at -50°C.
Duplex alloys do not have a
ductile-brittle transition like CMn
steel:
Gentle sloping transition.
Low scatter in individual sets of
Charpy’s.
2
MMA / SMAW toughness Weld toughness - superduplex
125
Approximate Charpy value at –50°C.
100
Process Superduplex
GTAW 150J
Absorbed Energy, J
GMAW 60J
75
50
SAW 50J
25
2507XKS
SMAW (basic) 50J
Zeron 100XKS
0
FCAW 30J
SMAW (rutile) 30J
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Temperature, °C
MIG
FCW
150 TIG
SAW
MMA
100
50
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
Deposit Oxygen, %
3
Weld hardness measurement TWI hardness conversion
50
Specifications often in Rockwell C. TWI
40 E140
H a rdness, H R C
Conversions from HRC into HV.
ASTM E140 HV-HRC conversion 30
applies to CMn.
20
Use TWI hardness conversion.
10
200 300 400 500
Hardness, HV
32 HRC = 378 HV
375
Weld Metal Superduplex stainless steels
HAZ
Hardness, HV(10)
4
Weld and HAZ ferrite
5
Percent ferrite versus FN Lab-to-lab variation
6
Weld & HAZ ferrite content HAZ heating & cooling cycles
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Final bead % ferrite
7
IIW position statement
30-70 FN (~22-55%).
Ferrite should be secondary.
Toughness, G48A etc should be
primary factors.
8
Purge
Purging
- argon versus nitrogen
9
Microstructure Secondary austenite
No third phases.
Nitrides.
Carbides.
Sigma.
Intermetallics.
Not normally a problem.
Secondary austenite.
Cr Mo N PRE
Austenite 26.6 3.3 0.52 45.8
Conclusions
10
Welding
Superduplex Stainless Steel
Successfully
Graham Holloway
In Conjunction With:
PT Alfa Metalindo Indonesia
IWS
Komunitas MIGAS Indonesia
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