TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
INTRODUCTION 2 
PROFESSIONALISM 4 
PROFESSIONAL BRAND 6 
DRESS FOR SUCCESS 9 
MEN’S PROFESSIONAL DRESS 10 
WOMEN’S PROFESSIONAL DRESS 10 
RESUME 13 
PART ONE: NAME AND EDUCATION 15 
PART TWO: RELATED EXPERIENCE 15 
PART THREE: ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE 15 
PART FOUR: SKILLS 16 
ADDITIONAL TIPS 16 
COVER LETTER 20 
SOCIAL MEDIA 24 
WRAP UP 26 
AUTHOR’S NOTE 27 
REFERENCES 28 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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INTRODUCTION 
 
You want to prepare for a career fair, but don’t feel so ready to face all the companies and 

established professionals out there. Your resume is incomplete, you don’t have a cover letter, you 

have no idea what you’re going to say and no clue of what to wear. You either procrastinated on 

seeking mentorship, or you lack the resources to begin with. This is where C
​ onvincing People to 

Take You Seriously​ comes in and guides you through the process of developing your knowledge 

of professionalism. This handbook provides all the information you need to help you prepare for a 

career fair, interview, networking event, job searching, or just for your own reference. From 

covering topics ranging from resumes to networking, this handbook strives to educate people and 

give them the confidence to develop their own professional identities.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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3
 
 
 
 

PROFESSIONALISM 
 
What does it mean to be professional? According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, 
professionalism is defined as:  
 
Professionalism (noun) | pro·​fes·​sion·​al·​ism | /prəˈˈfeSHənlˌˌizəm/ 
1. The conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize or mark a profession or a 
professional person 
2. The following of a profession (such as athletics) for gain or livelihood 
 
In other terms, professionalism is a major part of adulting. Being a professional is showing or 
carrying the image of yourself that you want your employers to see. It’s the reputation you want 
for yourself in the workplace– the personality you can comfortably and proudly show your 
employers. It can also be a means of carrying yourself in a way that can impress others, validate 
your credibility, and show that you mean business. Many people have the misconception that 
professionalism only matters in business fields, but that is far from the truth. Professionalism is a 
huge factor in the workplace regardless of occupation or field of study. These values are upheld in 
all fields including engineering, medical, science, and business.  
 
Whether you believe it or not, you most likely already know how to be professional. Research done 
by Valérie Cohen-Scali found that a lot of professional skills are transferred from the behaviors 
people pick up in school and at home. From a young age, people begin their professional 
development when they distinguish different ways to act at home and at school. By separating 
their behaviors to determine what is acceptable in the house to what might not be okay to do in 
school, people find themselves making conscious decisions on how to act in each setting. So, 
even if it may seem like a daunting task to learn how to be a professional, it would probably 
require less work than you’d think.  

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5
PROFESSIONAL BRAND 
 
The first thing to consider when creating your professional identity is establishing your 
professional brand. To define “professional brand,” Forbes Contributor Joseph Liu explains that:  
 
“Personal branding is a way of establishing and consistently reinforcing who you are and what 
you stand for in your career and life. Everything you do either strengthens or dilutes the personal 
brand you’re trying to create.”  
 
Building your own professional brand is a form of internal public relations in which you create 
what you want to be known for. Think of celebrities in a sense that some of them are infamous 
for causing commotion and controversy, like Britney Spears in 2007. On the other hand, other 
celebrities win the hearts of the public by maintaining a clean record, such as J.K. Rowling. 
Despite the two belonging to different worlds of the media, it is still easy to say that Britney 
Spears and J.K. Rowling carry vastly different personas that is displayed for the public.  
 
In developing your own professional brand, there are three steps you can take:  
1. Build experience:​ W
​ hile it is important to rack up on work experiences relevant to a 
specific career of your choice, it is also beneficial to try other jobs to expand your skill set. 
You definitely don’t want to be a one-trick-pony forever, so it is crucial to step outside of 
your comfort zone and gain other skills that are still applicable to your general career 
interests and goals. This will allow you to be well-rounded and more useful in the 
workplace.  
2. Be open and communicative:​ D
​ on’t be afraid to speak up or ask questions. Often times, 
we can blend in with everyone else and can be easily forgettable, but that can be changed 
by a simple statement or question during a meeting. In order to be noticed by others, you 
need to express yourself. However, it’s also important to keep in mind that you don’t want 
to be too expressive. Talking for the sake of talking benefits no one, including yourself. Be 
sure that everything you say has meaning and most importantly, makes sense.  

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 3. Network beyond your immediate team:​ G
​ etting your name out there beyond the confines 
of your own team is beneficial in numerous ways. By meeting other professionals, you 
expose yourself to more opportunities that can help you further your career and goals. 
Although it’s important to meet all of the qualifications a job requires, sometimes knowing 
someone in the company can give you an advantage over other applicants.  
 
Your professional brand becomes a major representation of the type of employee, coworker, and 
person you are, which is why it’s important to keep in mind that everything you do in the public 
eye can affect your branding. Although there’s no right or wrong way to create your professional 
persona since it’s dependent on your own personality and qualities, here’s a checklist of things 
you should try not to do in order to maintain a positive image.  
 
TRY NOT TO…  
● Overshare private information 
● Oversell yourself (by lying or claiming that you have certain skills when you don’t)  
● Come off too strong or overconfident  
● Assume you’re better than your peers or coworkers 
● Criticize others without keeping yourself in check 
● Forget your moral values  
 
Everyone’s professional persona is different, and we have to embrace that. Diversity of 
personalities in the workplace allows for people to learn how to interact with all sorts of different 
people, ideologies, and communication methods. By building your own professional brand, you 
will be able to find how you can fit into your workplace comfortably and advance in your career.  
 
 
 
 
 

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DRESS FOR SUCCESS 
 
Aside from acting professional, you have to take the next step and look professional. Since 
everyone has their own sense of style, there’s no single correct way of dressing professionally. 
However, there are definitely some things you should not wear, such as graphic t-shirts and 
sweatpants. Think of it as a “dress to impress” or situation. If you dress like you want to be taken 
seriously, then people would most likely acknowledge that.  
 
First, we need to distinguish the differences between “professional” and “business casual” attire. 
Each organization determines its own dress code conduct, so you would just have to gauge or 
ask what’s appropriate for your work environment. In most cases, it’s safe to stick with 
professional attire. If you don’t know what the style expectations are in your workplace, start 
conservative and use your peers or supervisors as reference. Business casual, on the other hand, 
does not mean the “casual” we are most likely all familiar with. Business casual is a way of 
maintaining a professional appearance in comfort without going all out in a suit and tie. Although 
all workspaces operate differently from one another, these dress standards are upheld by many 
companies in numerous industries.  
 
Let’s start with some of the general DON’Ts of professional wear:  
● No sneakers 
● No jeans (unless employer allows it)  
● No visible tattoos or piercings (unless stated otherwise) 
● No neon or flashy colors  
● No sandals  
 
 
 
 

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 MEN’S PROFESSIONAL DRESS 
 
The professional dress code for men is the conventional suit and tie, paired with a 
solid-colored dress shirt. To appear more professional, match the color of your blazers and 
slacks, and complement your look with a lighter colored dress shirt under. Generally, a suit with 
mismatched pants and jacket is not recommended. As for shoes, men can choose from various 
different styles including (but not limited to): Oxford, Derby, Brogue, Monk Strap, Loafer, Chukka, 
Chelsea Boot, Plain Toe Cap Toe, Wingtip, Round Toe, and Chisel Toe. Colors should be neutral 
and clean, such as black, gray, blue, navy blue, or brown. In terms of ties, your best bet is to stick 
with simple patterns and colors. In more specific detail, the bottom of the tie should just barely 
cover the entire belt buckle and should never be too long or too short. As for shirts, men’s dress 
tops should almost always be ironed and tucked in. Refer to the checklists below to see the 
acceptable clothing pieces for each category:  
 
Men’s Professional Attire   Men’s Business Casual Attire 
❏ Full suit with matching jacket and  ❏ Pressed, collared, long-sleeved shirt  
pants  ❏ Polo shirt  
❏ Pressed, collared, long-sleeved shirt   ❏ Tie 
❏ Tie  ❏ Dress slacks 
❏ Dress slacks  ❏ Black socks 
❏ Black socks  ❏ Belt  
❏ Belt  ❏ Close-toed shoes 
❏ Close-toed shoes   ❏ Light accessories (like a watch) 
❏ Light briefcase or portfolio case   
❏ Light accessories (like a watch)   
   
 

WOMEN’S PROFESSIONAL DRESS 

 
For women, professional wear includes a variety of options ranging from full suits to 
dresses and pencil skirts. The general rule for dresses and skirts is that the length should never 

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be shorter than right above the knee. It’s recommended to wear matching tops and bottoms since 
it will make your look appear more cohesive. Shirts can range from button-down tops to 
sleeveless or short sleeved blouses. Regardless of the style of shirt, no cleavage should be 
shown. If you wear dresses or skirts, pantyhose might be a good additional piece to wear 
underneath for comfort. Heels are normally no higher than three inches, and they should not be 
open-toed. If you choose to wear makeup, it should be minimal and conservative as opposed to 
nighttime clubbing makeup. Depending on the organization, hair is suggested to be kept as 
natural colors only, meaning brown, blonde, or black. If you wear jewelry, try to keep it simple. For 
example, wear studs for earrings and try to avoid large hoops. Unconventional jewelry and 
piercings may also be inappropriate for the workplace, such as nose rings and tongue piercings. 
Refer to the checklists below to see the acceptable clothing pieces for each category:  
 
Women’s Professional Attire   Women’s Business Casual 
❏ Neutral colored skirt or pant suit  ❏ Fitted blouses, sweaters, cardigans 
with matching blazer  ❏ Dress slacks 
❏ Pressed, collared button-down shirt  ❏ Close-toed shoes 
❏ Close-toed shoes  ❏ Socks 
❏ Socks   ❏ Belt  
❏ Belt   ❏ Simple makeup  
❏ Nude (skin-tone) pantyhose    
❏ Simple makeup  
 
 
Overall, what you wear is an important indicator of the type of professional you are. If you 
look like a mess, people will assume you are a mess (even if you’re not). It’s easy to forget what 
constitutes as business casual and business professional, but just keep in mind that business 
casual is just business professional with one of the article substituted. Instead of a full suit with 
blazer and slacks, you are given some space to wear something else to substitute it. For men, you 
can just ditch the blazer and wear the collared shirt with a tie. For women, you can go with a 
simple cardigan instead of the blazer. Just keep in mind that everyone has their own sense of 
style, and each company has their own standards for dress conduct. Not everyone has to look 
exactly the same, so have fun exploring your style!  
 
 
 
 
 
 

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RESUME 
 
As you figure out what to wear and how to act, you should keep in mind that what you look like on 
paper matters as well. One of the most important documents you’ll need in your professional 
career is a resume. A resume is a one-page summary of your work experiences, skills, education, 
and goals. It’s the most requested document in any job search or application process. Recruiters 
look through these resumes to determine which applicants would be the most suitable for the 
position. They consider factors such as work history, education, accomplishments, and relevant 
skills.  
 
The organization of your resume is the most important factor in creating one. Since recruiters 
look at a single resume for an average of six seconds, you need to be sure you’re accurate and 
concise. All the information on your resume should be deliberately chosen to showcase the best 
of your abilities.  
Here are the key features to include on your resume:  
● Your name (needs to be easy to find) 
● Contact information (phone number, location, email)  
● Education  
● Relevant work experience 
● Skills and interests 
 
Aside from those key points everyone should include in their resume, there is no one correct 
template that everyone needs to follow. Everyone’s resumes look different, and it’s dependent on 
the job you’re applying for, the industry you’re going into, your experience, and your goals. For 
example, people applying to jobs that require creativity allows them to submit graphically 
designed resumes. For jobs like data science and education, you might need to create a 
curriculum vitae (CV) that tracks the full timeline of your career, covering every detail of your 
education, work, and experience without the restriction of length. As you apply for different jobs, 
you might need to revise your resume to make sure your skills are related to the qualifications the 
employer is seeking. 

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 Although there’s no definite way of structuring your resume,  
this example gives you an idea of what a generic resume format consists of:  

14
PART ONE: NAME AND EDUCATION 
To break down this resume, we can start off with how the name is clearly centered on the top 
center of the page. Below the name is where the contact information is, which is the phone 
number and email. The location is conveniently located following contact information, which 
makes it easy to see what area this person is currently residing in.  
 
The education section is short and straight to the point. You mainly need to state your degree and 
expected year of completion. For some people, if your degree isn’t relevant to the job you’re 
applying for, you can also move this section to the bottom of your resume.  
 

PART TWO: RELATED EXPERIENCE 

This section of the resume is dedicated to the related work history that displays the applicant’s 
qualifications through previous experiences. In this section, you can choose positions you’ve 
previously or currently work in to show how all those jobs have prepared you to qualify for the one 
you’re applying to.  
 
It’s important to be mindful of how you display your titles, positions, dates, and locations. Make 
use of bolding and italicizing the text so the person reading your resume can easily navigate 
through each job without too much effort. If a recruiter doesn’t comprehend the organization of 
your resume, your chances of getting an interview might be slim. It’s recommended to keep each 
descriptive bullet points to no more than three or four. This makes it difficult because you have to 
eliminate excessive information and do your best to only say what makes you sound the most 
impressive.  
 

PART THREE: ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE 

Under this “additional experience” is where you can include jobs where you’ve gained skills that 
aren’t necessary for the job you’re applying for, but show that you’re not a one-trick pony. These 

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descriptions should also be three points, just enough to get the jist of the type of responsibilities 
you were held accountable for.  
 

PART FOUR: SKILLS 

By including a skills section, you are able to mention other things you’re good at that aren’t 
explicitly stated in your work experience points. This is where you can reiterate what you’re 
capable of doing, the technical skills you have, and the languages you speak. Having a separate 
skills section can add onto the persona you illustrate on paper.  
 

ADDITIONAL TIPS 
When it comes for formatting resumes, the most important factor is organizing the words on 
paper. By using lines to separate sections makes it easier for the eyes to skim through the whole 
document without guessing what content goes where. You also want to aim to make good use of 
your space. Try your best to fill up the page. If you don’t have enough content to fill up the page 
from corner to corner, play around with the font sizes and effects. However, keep in mind that 
small text in your resume should not exceed font size 12, and titles should not be bigger than 14. 
Lastly, be sure to maintain a consistent style throughout the document. If you’re going to use 
three points for each job description, then use three for the rest of your other jobs. Stick with one 
font style for the whole resume, and be sure that the margins are even on all sides. In terms of 
time-order, it’s always best to have your most recent and relevant work history on the top and 
descend from there. That helps to show what you’ve been up to most recently.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Now that you know what an effective resume format looks like,  
here’s an example of a less practical resume:  

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Compared to the first resume example, this second one clearly lacks structure and clear 
formatting of the content. As opposed to looking like a resume, the latter almost resembles a 
grocery list.  
 
Here are some points to note about this second resume example:  
● There’s a name, but no contact information 
● “Work Experience” is the only category of experience 
● None of the jobs include positions or locations 
● The responsibility descriptions are not descriptive enough 
● Some of the job details are irrelevant 
● The number of bullet points are inconsistent 
 
See if you can spot any more discrepancies!  
 
After comparing the two resumes, you are likely to have a better understanding of what generally 
works and what doesn’t. However, as previously stated, every resume is unique to each person, 
so if yours doesn’t look like the example provided, you should not worry! Research more examples 
and explore what works best for your own style. If you lack confidence in your resume, don’t 
forget you can turn to friends or family members to proofread for mistakes or to provide 
suggestions on how to show yourself off in a better light. With a solid resume, you would leave a 
memorable impression of yourself to employers from just a single sheet of paper.  
 
 
 
 
 

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COVER LETTER 
 
Following resumes, a cover letter is the second most requested document during the job search 
process. A cover letter is where you can introduce yourself in a more personal way during a job 
application. Cover letters are where you get to express your own personality and introduce 
yourself to the person who might hire you. The goal is to make a lasting impression and stand out 
in a good way. Instead of being restricted to a few sentence fragments and lines on your resume, 
cover letters allow you to explain how your past experience has prepared you for this new job 
you’re seeking. Cover letters are generally one page and take on the format of a multi-paragraph 
letter. An effective cover letter brings in elements of your resume and expands on the information, 
highlighting your achievements and how you can benefit the company you’re applying for.  
 
Before you write your cover letter, it’s best to look at the requirements of the job you’re applying 
for and assess which of your qualities work adhere to what they’re looking for. Like resumes, 
there is no official format for cover letters, since each cover letter is carefully crafted for every job. 
This means you can’t strictly follow pre-written templates and fill in the blanks.  
Though there isn’t a specific structure to follow, here’s a breakdown of a popular method of 
formatting your cover letter:  
 
1. Memorable introduction 
You can start off by introducing yourself, giving some background information, and 
setting the tone for the rest of the document. You want your goals to be clear and 
concise, but be sure to not sound overly eager!  
 
2. Specific, organized examples of relevant work history and accomplishments (think of 
bringing up some resume content to support your statements)  
You should relate these experiences to how they can benefit the company or the job 
you’re applying for. Try not to recite your resume again, since they should already 
have access to that. Don’t waste the person’s time by repeating yourself as well. Be 

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 sure to introduce strong points and really sell yourself through your credible 
experiences. 
 
3. Concise conclusion with a call to action 
Make it clear that you are qualified for this position, and you intend to work hard for 
it. Provide your contact information to invite them to contact you. Be sure to thank 
them in the closing statements to show that you’re considerate of their time.  
 
Cover letters are beneficial in allowing the recruiter or employer to see the more human side of 
you. Unlike resumes and other credentials, cover letters grant you the freedom of expressing a 
different perspective of yourself and your professional brand.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 To give you a better idea of what your cover letter could look like, 
refer to this example: 

 
 

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23
SOCIAL MEDIA 
 
With the emergence of new technology, people are connecting with one another at an 
exceptional high speed. Social media can be used to connect with friends, family, and even 
co-workers. Keep in mind that with the internet, what you put out there will always be out for the 
public eye. This means you need to be aware of the type of content you expose to the public, 
especially if you have co-workers in your digital network.  
 
While establishing your social media presence, you have to always consider your professional 
brand. What do you want people to think of you? What kind of interactions do you want to have 
with others? Social media platforms are powerful tools to network and build relationships with 
others. If used carefully, you can even land interviews and jobs just by connecting with another 
professional!  
 
Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and even Youtube are increasingly becoming 
more popular every day. People generally use those websites for entertainment and leisure, but 
platforms like LinkedIn, AngelList, and BranchOut, give people the opportunity to take their 
professional personas to the internet.  
 
To give you a glimpse of how to present yourself on the internet, follow the DO’s and DON’Ts of 
the chart below:  
 
DO:    
● Showcase your personality   ● Establish your voice 
● Interact with others  ● Make your presence known 
● Engage in conversations  ● Have complete and active profiles 
● Share posts and other people’s ideas   ● Interact with your audience 
● Promote your work   
● Practice positivity    
● Model good behavior   

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DON’T:   
● Be fake  ● Share sadness 
● Reveal confidential information  ● Talk trash about your employer, 
● Use foul language  co-workers, friends, etc. 
● Get involved in drama  ● Feel the need to be on every network 
● Spam   
● Excessively use hashtags   
● Be a know-it-all   
 
Technology can be used as a tool to enhance relationships, gain knowledge, and expand your 
professional network. In order for social media to truly benefit you, you need to be wary of the 
consequences that you might face if you misuse it.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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WRAP UP 
 
Now that you’ve read about the various factors that go into developing your professional identity, 

you should have a better understanding of what professionalism is all about. This handbook was 

meant to guide you through some of the important aspects of becoming a professional, and to 

provide examples to further illustrate the expectations people will hold you to. By addressing 

topics like professional branding, attire, resume, cover letters, and social media, C
​ onvincing 

People to Take You Seriously​ acts as an introduction to the multiple facets of the professional 

world. Being a professional may seem like a huge, intimidating process, but you most likely 

already have everything down! This handbook will guide you in the right direction while you 

discover your professional identity.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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AUTHOR’S NOTE 
 
My final research project aims to inform readers on professional etiquette. I focused on 
topics such as professional branding, professional attire, resume and cover letter writing, and 
social media behaviors. Initially, I wanted to create more graphics for my handbook to create a 
more visual experience for my readers. However, I realized that I had a lot more information to 
cover than I had anticipated, and decided to keep it simple. I still attempted to make careful 
aesthetic choices through fonts, colors, diagrams, and charts, but I decided to eliminate excessive 
images in the end. The way I formatted and wrote this handbook is supposed to appear as 
professional in itself because I wanted to gain credibility. The language I used throughout the 
document is very casual, mainly because my target audience is young adults (including but not 
limited to: high school students, college students, and new graduates). The sources I found were 
sprinkled in throughout my project through the concepts I explained.  
As for the content of my handbook, I tried my best to separate each section by topic and 
go in depth from there. As I was writing this handbook, I realized there’s so much more to cover 
than I thought. Although I’ve already included a lot of information, there’s still so much more to 
discuss in terms of these topics. That’s one of the limitations of this handbook. I attempted to 
cover the main points of each subject, but the nuances of these topics are much more than I 
briefly explained in this handbook. I also wanted to cover more concepts such as networking, 
interview etiquette, and email composition.  
Overall, I enjoyed creating this handbook and I hope that it helps people with developing 
their professional identity. I hope it answers a lot of the common questions regarding 
professionalism, and I am eager to see how this type of handbook would be useful for future 
young professionals.  
 

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24. How to write a cover letter in 8 simple steps. Retrieved from 

https://zety.com/blog/how-to-write-a-cover-letter​. 

25. What to wear: “Professional” vs. “business casual”. Retrieved from 

https://careerservices.princeton.edu/node/1279

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