Sheila Mae O.

Montenegro

Herbal Medicine in the Philippines

Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)

Ampalaya (Bitter Melon) with a scientific name Momordica charantia, is a climbing vine
and the tendrils of which grow up to 20 centimeters long. This herbal plant belongs to the
family of Cucurbitaceae, and it is a tropical as well as a subtropical vine. Ampalaya
leaves are heart-shaped, which are 5 to 10 centimeters in diameter. The fruits of the
ampalaya vine are fleshy green with pointed ends at length. It can never be mistaken for
any other variety because its ribbed and wrinkled surface had always been ampalaya’s
distinct physical structure. The bitter taste of the ampalaya fruit had also been the
distinguishing factor from the rest of the fruits with medicinal value, and this is due to the
presence of a substance known as momorcidin.

Ampalaya has been a folkloric cure for generations but has now been proven to be an
effective herbal medicine for many aliments. Most significant of which is for Diabetes.
The Philippine variety has proven to be most potent. Ampalaya contains a mixture of
flavanoids and alkaloids make the Pancreas produce more insulin that controls the blood
sugar in diabetics. Aside from Ampalaya's medicinal value, it is good source of vitamins
A, B and C, iron, folic acid, phosphorous and calcium.

Ampalaya has been for used even by the Chinese for centuries. The effectively of
Ampalaya as an herbal medicine has been tried and tested by many research clinics and
laboratories worldwide. In the Philippines, the Department of Health has endorsed
Ampalaya as an alternative medicine to help alleviate various ailments including
diabetes, liver problems and even HIV. Aside from these, ampalaya also helps treat skin
diseases and cough. Its herbal value extends to increasing the sterility of women, in
parasiticide, antipyretic, and has purgative functions, as well. Note: In large dozes, pure
Ampalaya juice can be a purgative and abortifacient.

Herbal Benefits of Ampalaya:

• Good for rheumatism and gout

• And diseases of the spleen and liver
• Aids in lowering blood sugar levels
• Helps in lowering blood pressure
• Relives headaches
• Disinfects and heals wounds & burns
• Can be used as a cough & fever remedy
• Treatment of intestinal worms, diarrhea
• Helps prevent some types of cancer
• Enhances immune system to fight infection
• For treatment of hemorrhoids
• Is an antioxidant and parasiticide
• Is antibacterial and antipyretic

Preparation & Use of Ampalaya:

• For coughs, fever, worms, diarrhea, diabetes, juice Ampalaya leaves and drink a
spoonful daily.
• For other ailments, the fruit and leaves can both be juiced and taken orally.
• For headaches wounds, burns and skin diseases, apply warmed leaves to afflicted area.
• Powdered leaves, and the root decoction, may be used as stringent and applied to treat
hemorrhoids.
• Internal parasites are proven to be expelled when the ampalaya juice, made from its
leaves, is extracted. The ampalaya juice, and grounded seeds is to be taken one spoonful
thrice a day, which also treats diarrhea, dysentery, and chronic colitis.

Balanoi or Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Balanoi is a plant, which belongs to the family of Lamiaceae, grows to an erect length of
50 to 80 centimeters, the leaves of which are oval-shaped, and have slightly-toothed
edges. The flowers of balanoi or common basil are either white or purple. The
compounds that can be extracted from this plant vary, but it has been determined through
various experiments and researches that its dried leaves contain 0.20% to 1% of essential
oils. Balanoi has been renowned throughout the Philippines and in various parts of the
world because of its medicinal and health benefits. It can be found all over the country,
and have several uses. Balanoi's use is not only limited to medicinal purposes, rather,
extracts of common basil can be found in cosmetics, and are mixed in liquors and
fragrances as well.

For instance, in South Africa and in India, the rhizomes of the Balanoi plant are extracted
and are used as mosquito repellant. This plant has also been found to aid people that
suffer from various health ailments. Studies have shown that there are particular activities
on which Balanoi plant extracts and oils address. For one, it serves as an anti-anxiety and
anti-depressant medicine because of ethanol substance that it has. It has also been used as
a stimulant, and has been found to be an effective means to remove cold sores. In the
Philippines, it is an option to alleviate pain caused by headaches, cramps, and even
shortness of breath. The same goes true for sprains, and the way to do this is to rub the oil
or the extract of the Balanoi plant leaves, mixed with alcohol, to the ailing part of the
body. Balanoi also manifests anti-bacterial activities, in such a manner that intestinal
worms are eradicated from the body when the ethanol extracts derived from it are taken
in as a form of medication. There have also been clinical experiments showing that
balanoi extracts, especially its ethanol content, can be used as anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-
diabetic and even shows promise for the protection of humans from radiation.
 Preparation of Balanoi as Herbal Medication:

There are several ways to prepare the plant for medication, depending on the nature for
which it is going to be used. The amount of raw materials and extracts that are needed
also vary depending on the use. When the balanoi leaves are to be used to stimulate the
body, it is recommended for the individual to permeate about twenty (20) balanoi leaves
with 200 grams of water, and three to four cups are supposed to be drank a day. A
combined weight of 40 grams basil leaves incorporated with 200 grams of water is to be
used for gargling in order to remove cold sores. Health experts suggest that this be done
three times every day, until the cold sores are gone. Now, for people who are suffering
from shortness of breath, they are suggested to drink one glass of boiled balanoi leaves,
consisting of twelve leaves mixed with one and a half liters of water, twice a day. Balanoi
also helps regulate the women’s menstrual cycle, and if one is interested in this, they are
supposed to prepare a mixture of 100 grams of balanoi leaves with a liter of water. It is
recommended for people to drink four cups of this preparation several days before one’s
expected period. As for its antibacterial purposes, ten grams of balanoi leaves fused with
100 grams of water should be boiled and drank a glass per day, during early mornings or
when the person still has an empty stomach. Lastly, for the aid that it effects for pains
caused by rheumatism, simple headache and occasional sprains, one should grind a
concoction of balanoi, rosemary and ruta, in equal proportion. It should be rubbed to the
ailing or throbbing part for eight days, the application of which may be continuous day
and night.

Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa)

Banaba, the scientific name of which is Lagerstroemia speciosa, is a tropical flowery

tree. It grows to a height as high as 20 meters. Its leaves are large, and ranges from the
shape of elliptical-ovate to oblong. These leaves are shed by the plant during the first
months of the year, and are bright orange or red during these times. Various research on
Banaba conducted in Japan prove true the belief that this plant contains high levels of
corosilic acid, a substance known as one of the many treatments for diabetes mellitus.
Besides its medicinal value, banaba is also cultivated and known for its beautiful flowers.

Banaba has been used in Filipino folkloric herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes
for centuries. It is now gaining popularity and getting recognition as a herbal medicine
not only in the Philippines but worldwide. Banaba is also known as Queen's Flower,
Crepe Myrtle and the Pride of India. In India, Banaba has also been used to cure diabetes
in Ayurvedic medicine for a long time.

Recent studies and laboratory test showed that it's active ingredient, corosolic acid is a
potent compound that has insulin like effect to lower glucose in the body and is effective
in treating diabetes. Banaba is rapidly becoming known as a natural plant insulin, and
what makes it ideal is that, the herbal preparation may also be taken orally, without any
risk of adverse side effects. However, caution is advised against taking Banaba with any
diabetic drug or any other drug simultaneously. Always consult with a qualified
physician or a medical practitioner before taking any medication or any herbal medicine
for a correct dose. Also, extra precaution is highly recommended as initial findings show
that Banaba extract may delay and reduce the absorption of carbohydrates in the body
and promote weight loss, despite its useful medicinal value.

Other studies that were focused on this plant showed other potential medicinal benefits.
These include antibacterial functions of seed extracts from this plant, and a water extract
of the same manifest anti-oxidative functions. Another is the significant protection that
Banaba seems to exhibit to treat HIV-infected cells. This is brought about by its ellagic
acid constituents.

Aside from the medicinal value of Banaba, as a herbal medicine, it is also good for the
health. Banaba contains high concentrations of dietary fiber and minerals such as zinc
and magnesium. The leaves can be boiled and taken daily as tea.

Benefits and Treatment of Banaba:

• Diabetes
• Fights obesity
• Helps regulate blood pressure
• Good for the kidneys
• Aids the digestive system
• Helps ease urination

Banaba Preparation & Use:

Note: Fresh leaves, dried leaves, flowers, ripe fruit, root and bark of Banaba can all be
used.
• Wash the leaves in running water (if fresh). Cut into smaller pieces if desired.
• Boil Banaba (one cup Banaba to cup of water) for 30 minutes. Drink like tea.

Herbal Medicine: Bayabas or Guava (Psidium guajava)

Bayabas or guava is a tropical plant, which is locally known for its edible fruit. In the
backyards of Filipino homes in the country, this plant is commonly seen, and grown
because of its many uses as fruit and as traditional remedy to treat various ailments. As
shown by many research studies, almost all of the parts of this plant have medicinal
qualities and value, and thus, making it as one of the most popular therapeutic plants in
the Philippines. Bayabas is a small tree that can grow up to 3 meters tall with greenish-
brownish smooth bark. The round globular bayabas fruit starts as a flower and is usually
harvested and eaten while still green. The fruit turns yellowish-green and soft when ripe.
The bayabas fruit bark and leaves are used as herbal medicine. Its leaves decoction is
recognized for its effectiveness to cure several ailments, including the treatment of
uterine hemorrhage, swollenness of the legs and other parts of the body, of chronic
diarrhea, and gastroenteritis, among others. The most common use of the leaves is for
cleaning and disinfecting wounds by rinsing the afflicted area with a decoction of the
leaves. In the same way, such leaves are being used to aid in the treatment of dysentery
and the inflammation of the kidneys. The bark and leaves can be used as astringent. It can
also be used as a wash for uterine and vaginal problems, and is good for ulcers. The
medicinal uses of Bayabas appear infinite, as it is also a suggested natural cure for fevers,
diabetes, epilepsy, worms, and spasms. The fruit, aside from being delicious, contains
nutritional values with a very high concentration of vitamin A and vitamin C.

Uses of Bayabas :

• Antiseptic, astringent & anthelminthic

• Kills bacteria, fungi and ameba
• Used to treat diarrhea, nosebleeding
• For Hypertension, diabetes and Asthma
• Promotes menstruation

The fresh leaves are used to facilitate the healing of wounds and cuts. A decoction
(boiling in water) or infusion of fresh leaves can be used for wound cleaning to prevent
infection. Bayabas is also effective for toothaches. Note: Bayabas can cause constipation
when consumed in excess.

Preparation:

• Boil one cup of Bayabas leaves in three cups of water for 8 to 10 minutes. Let cool.
• Use decoction as mouthwash, gargle.
• Use as wound disinfectant - wash affected areas with the decoction of leaves 2 to 3
times a day. Fresh leaves may be applied to the wound directly for faster healing.
• For toothaches, chew the leaves in your mouth.
• For diarrhea, boil the chopped leaves for 15 minutes in water, and strain. Let cool, and
drink a cup every three to four hours.
• To stop nosebleed, densely roll Bayabas leaves, then place in the nostril cavities.

Bawang, Bauang | Garlic (Allium sativum)

Bawang or Garlic with scientific name Allium sativum, is a low herb, which only grows
up to sixty centimeters high. Its leaves are flat and linear, with bulbs that consist of
several tubers. This herb is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in the
Philippines and can also be found commonly in the kitchen of Filipino households as it is
used to spice up food preparations. The Philippine bawang or garlic variety is more
pungent than the imported ones. Its medicinal properties have been known for a long time
and have been especially proven during World War II when it was used to treat wounds
and infections of soldiers. Garlic’s antibacterial compound known as allicin, saved many
lives of the soldiers as this property prevented the wounds from being infected and
developing into gangrene at a later stage by extracting the juice of bawang or garlic and
applying to the wounds.

Bawang, sometimes spelled as bauang or in English, garlic is known as nature's

antibiotic. Its juices inhibit the growth of fungi and viruses thus, prevent viral, yeast, and
infections. The preliminary test conducted on this medicinal herb showed some positive
results in the treatment of AIDS. Several clinical tests that followed and published studies
have shown the efficacy of garlic in lowering cholesterol in the blood and is beneficial to
the circulatory system of the body. Today, as more research is done on garlic, more
medicinal and therapeutic properties become more evident. As of the present time,
lowering of the blood pressure, reduction of platelet aggregation, and the boosting of
fibrinolytic activities are among the list of herbal functions of garlic, which is supported
by medical findings. Although more clinical studies are needed to support the contention
stronger, marked improvements in benign breast diseases have been traced to make
progress because of the regular intake of supplements, of which the primary ingredient is
garlic.

Although controlled trials in terms of anti-cancer activities of garlic have been performed
in medical research, it has been proven through population-based studies that substances
contain in garlic help in reducing the risk of some types of cancer. These would include
colorectal malignancies, and gastric cancer. Regular consumption of raw garlic has been
proven to aid in many bleeding cases, especially those cases that are associated with
procedures in surgeries and dental activities. All these considered, it appears that garlic
have no concrete scientific basis to claim a significant effect in the level of glucose in our
blood. It is remarkable to note though that the Philippine Department of Health has
endorsed garlic as one of the top ten Philippine herbs with therapeutic value and the
department recommends its use as an alternative herbal medicine in view of the positive
results of thorough research and testing, which had been conducted on this herbal plant.
Juice extracted from garlic bulbs can be used as tick and mosquito repellant when applied
to skin.

Bad breath, due to the strong odor of garlic, is the most common side effect of taking this
herb. Fresh garlic applications to the skin have been reported to cause skin burns and
rashes. This goes true both for those who are in the initial stages of their garlic therapies,
and those who consume it as an ingredient in food preparations.

Health Benefits of Bawang-Garlic:

• Good for the heart

• Helps lower bad cholesterol levels (LDL)
• Aids in lowering blood pressure
• Remedy for arteriosclerosis
• May help prevent certain types of cancer
• Boosts immune system to fight infection
• With antioxidant properties
• Cough and cold remedy
• Relives sore throat, toothache
• Aids in the treatment of tuberculosis
• Helps relieve rheumatism pain
• With anticoagulant properties

Preparation of Bawang-Garlic:

• For disinfecting wound, crush and juice the garlic bulb and apply. You may cover the
afflicted area with a gauze and bandage.
• For sore throat and toothache, peal the skin and chew. Swallow the juice.
• Cloves of garlic may be crushed and applied to affected areas to reduce the pain caused
by arthritis, toothache, headache, and rheumatism.
• Decoction of the bawang bulbs and leaves are used as treatment for fever.
• For nasal congestion, steam and inhale: vinegar, chopped garlic, and water.

Aside from being an alternative herbal medicine for hypertension, arteriosclerosis and
other ailments, garlic is also recommended for maintaining good health - eat raw garlic
bulbs if you can, and include bawang regularly in the food you eat. Garlic is healthy and
taste good on a variety of dishes.

Carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Carrot (Karot in Filipino) is an outstanding trait of this flowering plant, which belongs to
the family of Apiaceae, is that it is self-fertile. By nature, carrot's flowers have both male
and female organs, and are usually pollinated primarily by beetles and flies. In order to
facilitate the cultivation of this plant, it is necessary to place it in an area where it can
receive light. It has a strong rate of survival, because it can withstand strong winds.
However, the carrot plant cannot bear to be exposed to salty water and soil. It is a
biennial plant, which means that it usually takes two years for it to complete its life cycle.
However, it is not uncommon for plants of this nature to complete its biological life cycle
in a few months time, especially when subjected to extreme climate conditions.

Carrot is classified as a root vegetable, which grows as tall as one (1) meter. The wild
carrot, from which the modern carrot’s cultivation is based, has flowers that are rounded,
which are bright white in color when it is in full bloom. Such flowers have the width of 3
to 7 centimeters, and the vegetable itself is known to have various colors, such as orange,
red, purple, yellow or white.

Carrots are extremely popular because of its numerous uses, and because of the many
vitamins and minerals that it contains. For instance, its roots are edible, whether cooked
or raw, and are used as an ingredient to soups and salad bowls. It has been found that
carrot root juice is very rich in carotene, which in turn is converted to vitamin A by our
liver, and is one of the vitamins that the body needs. Regular intake of carrot roots, in any
manner, though recommended to be taken in juice form, improves eyesight. Particular
substances that are contained in the roots have been discovered to be anti-cancer. That is
the primary reason why carrot juice has become a popular drink, as it is associated with a
wealth of health benefits. The roots of the carrot plant, when roasted, are also being used
as a substitute for coffee. Extractions from the roots, known as carotene, are also being
used commercially as a food dye. The leaves of this plant, which have high vitamin E
content, are also being used as flavorings for soup. From the derived uses of this plant, it
is evident that its roots, seeds, and leaves have particular functions which are known to be
utilized by many.

Carrots have been known to have medicinal properties that allow it to be used as an
astringent and antiseptic substance. Carrot has been used as a cleansing medicine,
because of its activities which basically helps the kidney in the removal of waste in the
body. It also aids in the stimulation of one’s menstruation because of the same properties.
For children, raw carrot roots are a safe and recommended treatment for threadworms. In
the same manner, regular intake of cultivated carrot roots allows the stimulation of urine
flow. It manifests activities that help the skin, by virtue of its anti-oxidant contents.

Carrot Health Benefits:

• Body cleanser, and is a medication for kidney problems

• Treatment for cough and chest pains
• Anti-inflammatory and antiseptic function helps solve burns, ulcer and infected wounds

Preparation & Use:

• Boil with milk, and drink for cough

• Poultice of carrots may be applied to infected wounds and to the chest, in case it is
going to be used to aid in an individual’s chest pains
• Ground seeds of the plant may be taken as tea, in order to increase urine flow

Luyang Dilaw - Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Luyang Dilaw, or Ginger Root (scientific name: Zingiber officinale) belongs to the
family of, as its scientific name signifies, Zingiberaceae. The rootstocks of this erect,
smooth plant are thick, and have strong aromatic qualities. Its edible roots, tops, and even
its leaves are found to have medicinal value. The taste of luyang dilaw is distinct, brought
about by the zingerone and shogoal substances that it has, giving the plant its pungent
properties. As an herbal medicine, Luyang Dilaw has long been used as a cold, cough,
fever, and sore throat remedy.

Ginger helps in the digestion and absorption of food, lowering of cholesterol, alleviating
nausea and vomiting. Luyang dilaw has antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral, and anti-
inflammatory properties as well. In the same way, it has been found to contain potent
anti-oxidant qualities, which come from the extract and active constituents of the plant.
These uses are separate and distinct from the nutritional value of luyang dilaw.

The rhizomes of luyang dilaw is mainly associated as the main ingredient in a very
popular local beverage, which is salabat. Recent studies have shown that luyang dilaw
had been found with traces of antiemetic properties. Thus, it is now being recommended
to be taken half an hour before one’s travel to avoid being travelsick and experience
nausea during the voyage. Pregnant women should take precautionary measures in taking
luyang dilaw for medicinal purposes although it has been proven that none of the plant’s
substances triggers adverse side effects, even when it interacts with other drugs. This
herbal plant is not recommended for expectant mothers for the very reason that there is a
possibility of inhibition of testosterones that binds the fetus, as a result of some of the
properties that luyang dilaw contains.

In India, ginger is widely used to reduce inflammation and pain with those with arthritis.
Researchers have found that ginger lowers pain-causing prostaglandin levels. They
advise taking 500 to 1,000 milligrams a day. The higher the intake of ginger, the greater
the relief.

Ginger also helps prevent hair loss. Pound an inch square of ginger and extract the juice.
Massage the fresh ginger juice directly on to the scalp and leave on for at least 15
minutes before rinsing, but for best results, leave on overnight to better stimulate the hair
follicles and induce hair growth.

Medicinal Benefits of Luyang Dilao (Ginger Root):

• Relieves rheumatic pains & muscle pains

• Alleviates sore throat, fever and colds
• Ease nausea and vomiting
• Intestinal disorders and slow digestion
• Relief from tympanism and flatulence
• Treat intestinal worms
• Hinder diarrhea, gas pains
• Relieve indigestion (dyspepsia), toothaches
• Lower cholesterol levels
• Aids treatment of tuberculosis

Preparation & Use:

• Boil the ginger root in water and drink. The more concentrated the better.
• For sore throat and tooth ache, remove the skin and chew small portions.
• For cuts & bruises, apply the juice of luyang-dilao directly to the skin or use dried
rhizomes with 70% alcohol then apply to afflicted areas.

• For rheumatism and muscle pains, pound roasted or fresh ginger and apply to painful
areas -can be mixed with oil for easy application.

Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn)

Gumamela is a shrub that grows from one meter up to 4 meters high. Gumamela is also
known as: Hibiscus, China Rose and Shoeflower. In the Philippines, gumamela is
cultivated as an ornamental plant. The gumamela flower comes in many colors: red,
yellow, orange, white, purple, pink and other color combinations.

Gumamela leaves, usually blended with Rose Hip has long been used in the Middle East
and Okinawa as herbal tea. Today, the use of gumamela tea is gaining worldwide
popularity - including Asia. Gumamela (Hibiscus) is associated with longevity.

Gumamela as Herbal Medicine

As herbal medicine, gumamela flower, leaves and roots are used. Gumamela has the
following medicinal characteristics: expectorant, diuretic, emollient, anti-infectious, anti-
inflammatory, antipyretic, anodyne and refrigerant.

Preparation & Use of Gumamela:

There are two ways to utilize gumamela as herbal medicine. One is dried and the other is
fresh. For Dried gumamela, collect the flower, leaves and/or roots. Wash, then cut into
small pieces and sun dry. To use as decoction, boil the dried gumamela parts (1/4 cup
dried gumamela in 1 glass of water)

To make a decoction from fresh gumamela, Wash gumamela flower and/or leaves, cut
into small pieces and boil (1/3 cup in 1 glass of water), let cool and drink.

Use Gumamela as Poultice:

Poultice is the use or fresh or dried herbs that is mashed, crushed or pounded - often
heated (boiled in water to soften and heat the herb) and applied directly to the skin. A
clean cloth or gauze can be used to help the poultice stay in place.
Gumamela is used for the treatment of:

• Bronchitis - as an expectorant
• Coughs, sore throat
• Fever - as refrigerant drink
• Treats dysentery
• Urinary tract infection, bladder infections
• High blood pressure
• Prevention of constipation
• Headaches
• Boils, swelling & abscesses, mumps

Application & Use of Gumamela:

• Decoction is used to treat: Bronchitis, coughs, fever, dysentery, urinary and bladder
infections, high blood pressure and constipation.
• Poultice is applied externally on the afflicted area. This is used to treat: headaches (on
the forehead), boils, swelling, abscesses and mumps.
• Intake of gumamela (alone or mixed with papaya or papaya seeds) specially in large
quantities can be an abortifacient.

Lagundi (Vitex negundo)

(scientific name: Vitex negundo) is a shrub that grows in the Philippines. It is one of the
ten herbal medicines endorsed by the Philippine Department of Health as an effective
herbal medicine with proven therapeutic value. Commonly known in the Ilocos region as
dangla, lagundi has been clinically tested to be effective in the treatment of colds, flu,
bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and pharyngitis. Studies have shown that Lagundi
can prevent the body's production of leukotrienes, which are released during an asthma
attack. Lagundi contains Chrysoplenol D, a substance with anti-histamine and muscle
relaxant properties. Even in Japan, lagundi is becoming recognized as an effective herbal
medicine, especially since researches have shown that it contains properties that make it
an expectorant and it has been reported to function as a tonic as well. More than that,
most of the parts of the lagundi plant have medicinal value.

The roots of this shrub are also used as treatment for rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, and
leprosy. The leaves, flowers, seeds, and root of Lagundi can all be used as herbal
medicine. A decoction is made by boiling the parts of the plant and taken orally. Today,
Lagundi is available in capsule form and syrup for cough. For its part, the flowers are
recommended as a cardiac tonic, as cure for liver diseases, and other internal disorders
such as diarrhea and cholera. The lagundi plant also has anti-inflammatory functions, and
its cooling effects are ideal as treatment for skin diseases such as leprosy.

Plant Description: The Lagundi plant can grow up to five meters tall. It can be described
as a cross between a shrub and a tree with a single woody stem (trunk). One of Lagundi's
distinctive features is its pointed leaves with five leaflets set like a hand.

Lagundi tablets (300 mg) are available from the Department of Health's Philippine
Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) Telephone # (632) 727-
6199.

Herbal Benefits of Lagundi:

• Relief of asthma & pharyngitis

• Recommended relief of rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, diarrhea
• Treatment of cough, colds, fever and flu and other bronchopulmonary disorders
• Alleviate symptoms of Chicken Pox
• Removal of worms, and boils

Preparation & Use:

• Boil half cup of chopped fresh or dried leaves in 2 cups of water for 10 to 15 minutes.
Drink half cup three times a day.
• For skin diseases or disorders, apply the decoction of leaves and roots directly on skin.
• The root is specially good for treating dyspepsia, worms, boils, colic and rheumatism.

A decoction (boiling in water) of the roots and leaves of Lagundi are applied to wounds,
and used as aromatic baths for skin diseases. Boiled seeds are eaten in order to prevent
the spreading of toxins and venom from bites of poisonous animals. Juice extracted from
the flowers of Lagundi plant is taken in as an aid for disorders like fever, diarrhea, liver
disorders, and even cholera. While a decoction of the plant leaves is suggested to be
taken by individuals to help increase the flow and production of milk, as well as to induce
menstruation.

Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi)Velvet Apple

A member of the Ebenaceae family, mabolo is known for its value as an ornament, rather
than for its fruit. Its wood is commonly known in the Philippines as kamagong, and it is
the fruit that goes by the name of mabolo. It is an evergreen forest tree that is medium-
sized, and has an oval or conical-shaped crown. Depending on the way it was planted, a
mabolo tree may have long, straight stems or short trunks. Its leaves are oblong-shaped,
which are big and rounded but are pointed and narrow at the top. The mabolo fruit has a
round, velvety outer cover which contains the seed in a pulp. From green, it becomes
light brown and eventually, turns to magenta as this fruit berry ages and ripens. It is
somewhat unpopular because of the strong cheesy odor that it emits, once the fruit is
opened. When eaten, though, the mobolo fruit has an edible and sweet taste. The concern
about its smell may be remedied by peeling its outside cover, and storing it in the
refrigerator for several hours, so that the smell will already dissipate. Studies have shown
that it is worthy to endure the odor of the fruit, because it has been found to contain
several vitamins and nutrients. It is known to be an ideal source of calcium, vitamin B,
iron, and protein. Thus, several ways of preparing the mabolo fruit has been constantly
discovered. It is served as dessert, by mixing the fruit with lemon juice or lime. It is also
used in salad preparations, by dicing the fruit. In the same manner, it is used as
ingredients in soups, where it changes texture and becomes tough when stewed. This is
ideal especially when served with ham and other meats that have a spicy quality in it.

Mabolo is grown commercially, but at a small scale only, as it can be found along the
seashores by the locals in the Philippines. There are several uses for the mabolo plant and
fruits, because of its commercial value. It is a very useful plant, in such a way that not
only does it have ornamentation significance; but it also contains nutritional benefits and
medicinal functions as well. The parts that are being utilized for this purpose are the
leaves, bark, and the roots. Its bark is being utilized in such a manner that it is being
decocted and prepared to address skin ailments like eczema, fever and cough. Now, some
of the uses vary depending on the country. For instance, in countries in the Southeast
Asia, diarrhea and dysentery are being remedied extracting the juice of the unripe mabolo
fruit. In Bangladesh, preparations of the mabolo leaves and bark are being used as
cleanser, particularly as eyewash and also used as an antidote for snakebites. In the
Guianas, besides the already mentioned uses, mabolo preparations also function to
address heart ailment and hypertension. Spider bites, stomach aches and diabetes are also
three of the other health issues that mabolo has been found to help remedy.

Mabolo Health Benefits:

• Cough, stomach pains, fever, and skin ailments are treated by preparations of the
mobolo leaves and bark.
• Used as medicine for diarrhea, dysentery, heart ailments, hypertension and diabetes.

Preparation & Use:

• Decoctions of the bark and leaves of mabolo are used for all the health concerns that
have been listed on the left.

Malunggay (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

The malunggay plant is known to different parts of the world under various names
including, but not limited to, horseradish tree, drumstick tree, and dool in some regions. It
is one of the more popular and publicized plant that is acknowledged to have nutritional,
as well as, medicinal value. Fortunately, the plant is easily accessible as it can be found
not only as part of the wild life, but also in the backyards of many Filipino homes.
Malunggay proves to be a low-maintenance plant to grow, and is able to propagate in
almost all kinds of soil. Most of the parts of the malunggay had been proven to be useful,
both for consumption and for its preparation as a medicinal plant. Its flowers, leaves and
young pods are associated and perceived to be important because of the health benefits
that it provides.

The malunggay plant, which belongs to the Moringaceae family, can grow as high as
nine meters. The bark of this tree has a gummy quality in it, and when peered closely, is
comprised of white wood that is soft in nature. It derives one of its names, horseradish,
from the taste of its roots. The malunggay leaves, which are used in certain Filipino
viands, have a very distinct shape that makes it easily recognizable. They are circular,
thin sheets that are attached to a main stalk. The malunggay flowers are white fragrances
that produce the pods, which are also used for medicinal purposes.

Health Benefits of Malunggay

As have been mentioned earlier, there are various parts of the malunggay plant which are
being used for health reasons. For one, the leaves of this plant proved to be a good source
of calcium, iron, ascorbic acid and phosphorus. Its other parts such as the seeds, the
young pods, and the flowers have been established to benefit individuals as far as anti-
oxidant, anti-diabetic, circulatory stimulations, and such other activities that are most
beneficial to mankind, are concerned. There have been claims that malunggay can be
used to lower blood pressure, aid in pains caused by rheumatism, headaches and
migraines, as well as its being an anti-tumor plant. Malunggay is also used for purgative
and anti-fungal purposes, as well. All these prove the claim that this plant is indeed multi-
purpose.

There are various ways to derive the benefits from malunggay plant. Aside from the
natural and direct means, wherein one is going to prepare the concoctions at home by
picking the necessary parts from the plant itself, one can also purchase the commercial
extractions of malunggay. There are malunggay capsules that are now available in the
market, which contain 250mg dried young leaves of the malunggay plant. In the same
way, there are commercial oil extracts of the malunggay flowers which are also in the
market. Because of the popularity that has been associated with this plant, commercial
establishments have exploited the malunggay’s marketable qualities. For simple
preparations however, as when the concoction would be used for uncomplicated ailments
like hiccups, as a means to end constipation, or as wound cleanser, one may eat the
cooked leaves of the malunggay plant during his last meals of the day. This should be
accompanied by water, especially when the ailment to be addressed is constipation. Now,
as wound cleanser, the leaves may be crushed and applied to the affected area directly. In
all instances, cleanliness should be observed to avoid complications.

Makabuhay (Tinospora rumphii Boerl)

The makabuhay plant is a clinging vine, and the name itself suggests the primary purpose
of such plant. Makabuhay is a Filipino translation of the English term ‘pro-life or to give
life’. It is commonly known as the paliahan in the Visayas region. The plant belongs to
the family of Menispermaceae, and can grow, or rather climb, up to fifteen meters long.
The makabuhay leaves are thin sheets that are heart-shaped, and its flowers look distinct
as they only have three petals. The makabuhay plant is known for its bitter nature, and the
fruits of this plant are held in clusters, which can be as long as two centimeters. This
plant may be propagated by planting its stem, which contains a bitter sap. However, it is
important to note that makabuhay can be found in most forests all over the Philippines. It
grows in tropical areas, and it is of little wonder why it is abundant in a country like the
Philippines. The fruits of this plant have not been utilized nor established to have
medicinal values. Only the leaves and the stems of makabuhay have been found to cure
particular health concerns. For the stems, both the dried and the fresh stems are found to
be beneficial.

Health Benefits of Makabuhay Plant

The stem of makabuhay plant is a primary ingredient used to concoct preparations that
would prevent spread of malaria, and may be used as cleanser for skin ulcer and skin
wounds. Clinical tests have shown that the decoction of this plant cures diarrhea,
indigestion and scabies. Also, it is an effective ointment for pains caused by rheumatism.
However, young children below the age of three, pregnant women, patients with typhoid
fever, those who are suffering from pneumonia, and people diagnosed with heart
problems, should not in any way take decoction that contains makabuhay, because their
weak state will be in conflict with the strong medicinal effects that it manifests.

Preparation and Use of Makabuhay

It has been mentioned earlier that this plant have several medicinal uses. Thus, the form,
preparation, and manner of intake also vary according to the purpose for which it will be
taken. For instance, when makabuhay is going to be used as an ointment for rheumatism,
its preparation is different in such a manner that the stems have to be chopped. It is
suggested that the chopped stems amount to one-half glass and such stems are supposed
to be fried for five minutes in a glass of coconut oil, under low fire. Then, the stems are to
be separated after frying, after which ½ glass of grated candle wax should be
incorporated to it. As soon as the wax have already dissolved and cooled down, the
prepared ointment can already be applied to the body, except for the face, for three
successive nights.

A similar preparation is to be observed when makabuhay is to be used to eradicate

intestinal worms, and cure fever brought about by malaria. However, instead of sautéing,
the stems are supposed to be boiled. In preparing this particular decoction, 30 grams of
fresh makabuhay stems, or 25 grams of dried ones, are supposed to be boiled for twenty
minutes in three cups of water. The extracts can be derived by subjecting the boiled
preparation in a strainer, therefore removing the stems from the substance that are
necessary to address the health concern discussed. The preparation should be taken and
drank in half a cup, twice a day before the first and last meals of the day. Like any other
medicinal plant preparation, should there be complications suffered or no marked
improvements seen after administering the said preparation, treatment should be
discontinued and a physician is to be consulted.
 Niyog-Niyogan (Quisqualis Indica L.)
Niyog-niyogan or Rangoon Creeper is an excellent vine for outdoor gardens. This
ligneous plant, scientifically called Quisqualis indica L. It is also known as Burma or
Rangoon Creeper, Liane Vermifuge and Chinese honeysuckle. Niyog-niyogan is perfect
for covered walkways as it grows at least 2.5m long and reaches up to 8m long when it
matures. This active climber, which belongs to the combretaceae family grows best in
tropical areas and demands constant sunlight. Perhaps due to its tropical characterization
that it is found in primary and secondary forests of countries like Africa, China, Taiwan,
Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea and other Asian regions.

Niyog-niyogan is cultivated in greenhouses and can be naturalized in tropical areas. This

vine starts as a shrub about 3-feet tall with branches growing from all directions. The
mother shrub seizes to grow and dies after six months allowing the creeper to rapidly
climb walls, trees, and the like. The branches of niyog-niyogan are filled with oblong-
shaped leaves growing on opposite sides attached to 6mm to 10mm long petioles. The
leaves of niyog-niyogan can grow up to 15cm long and more than 5cm wide with a
pointed tip. Its flowers grow in clusters and it blossoms year-round. Its flowers open at
night with five bright red petals and gives out a distinct perfume. The young flowers of
niyog-niyogan start with white-colored petals that turn pink then red as it matures. It also
bears fruits, which can grow up to 3cm long with five angles on its sides.

The niyog-niyogan plant grows in haste during the rainy season, hence constant pruning
is especially recommended during this time. It is advised to place this plant in spacious
areas to avoid crowding with a temperature of at least 60°F with evenly moistened soil to
produce flowers. Niyog-niyogan can thrive in almost all kinds of soil and can even
tolerate moderate amount of drought in cold seasons.
Benefits & Treatment of Niyog-Niyogan:

Almost all of its parts are used individually, or mixed with other ingredients, as remedy
to different ailments. In the Philippines, these are taken to rid people of parasitic worms.
Some also use these to help alleviate coughs and diarrhea. Medical experts, advice
patients to consult their doctors as improper dosing may cause hiccups. Niyog-niyogan’s
leaves are used to cure body pains by placing them on specific problematic areas of the
body. Compound decoctions of the leaves of niyog-niyogan are used in India to alleviate
flatulence.

Preparation & Use:

Seeds of niyog-niyogan can be taken as an anthelmintic. These are eaten raw two hours
before the patient’s last meal of the day. Adults may take 10 seeds while children 4 to 7
years of age may eat up to four seeds only. Children from ages 8 to 9 may take six seeds
and seven seeds may be eaten by children 10 to 12 years old.
 Decoctions of its roots are also sometimes used as a remedy for rheumatism while its
fruits are used as an effective way to relieve toothaches.

Oregano (Origanum vulgare)

Oregano (Scientific name: Origanum vulgare) is also known as Wild Marjoram,
Mountain Mint, Origanum, Wintersweet and Winter Marjoram. This erectly spreading
plant has strong aromatic characteristics, with leaves and stems that are fleshy. The
leaves of oregano are heart-shaped, with toothed edges, and which, grow for up to 9
meters in length. In other countries, the plant is primarily used as a culinary ingredient.
However, in countries like the Philippines, Oregano is a known herbal medicine for its
strong anti-oxidant properties. Oregano contains a rosmarinic acid compound, thymol,
and carvacrol that are responsible for its anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant,
anti-fungal and anti-viral properties. Oregano also contains flavinoids, triterpenoids,
sterols, vitamin C, and vitamin A. Its anti-bacterial properties have been proven by recent
studies to treat infections of the reproductive tracts, and which make it ideal to be given
to women who have just given birth.

The volatile oils in oregano and its properties are believed to be responsible for slowing
the process of spoilage of food and thus minimizing the risk of ingesting harmful
bacteria, parasites and fungi.

The anti-oxidant properties of oregano helps fight free radicals in the body that cause
cellular damage and accelerate ageing. Free radicals are believed to be involved with
many degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis and heart diseases, to name
a few.

The most useful parts of this plant are its leaves. The extracts and juices of such are used
for asthma, dyspepsia, chronic coughs, bronchitis, and rheumatism. Ear aches have also
been proven to be cured by the infusion prepared from its leaves. The leaves relieve
painful swellings, boils, and sprains, when their poultices are applied directly to the
affected area.

Health Benefits of Oregano:

• Good for cough and cold relief

• Helps prevent degenerative arthritis
• Has Anti-aging properties
• Helps relieve rheumatism and osteoarthritis
• Bronchitis herbal remedy
• Ease asthma attacks
• Relieves upset stomach
• Treatment of urinary tract problems
• Relief for dyspepsia or indigestion
• Healing wounds, insect bites & stings
• Cure for sore throat
• Avoid infections caused by childbirth by taking decoctions of the leaves by the recent
mother.
• For general good health

Preparation of Oregano Leaves:

• Boil one cup of fresh leaves in 3 cups of water for 10 to 15 minutes. Drink half a cup 3
times a day for common colds.
• For a concentrate, juice the oregano leaves and take 1 tablespoon every hour to relieve
chronic coughs, rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, and dyspepsia.
• For Insect bites, wounds and stings, apply the leaves as a poultice directly on the
afflicted area.
• For sore throat, boil 2 tablespoonfuls of dried oregano leaves in a pint of water, take 2
hours before or after meals.
• To prevent degenerative arthritis & for general good health drink oregano decoction
daily.

Pandan (Pandanus tectorius) Fragrant Screw Pine

The pandan tree grows as tall as 5 meters, with erect, small branches. Pandan is also known
as Fragrant Screw Pine. Its trunk bears plenty of prop roots. Its leaves spirals the branches,
and crowds at the end. Its male inflorescence emits a fragrant smell, and grows in length for
up to 0.5 meters. The fruit of the pandan tree, which is usually about 20 centimeters long, are
angular in shape, narrow in the end and the apex is truncate. It grows in the thickets lining
the seashores of most places in the Philippines. In various parts of the world, the uses of this
plant are very diverse. Some countries concentrate on the culinary uses of pandan, while
others deeply rely on its medicinal values. For instance, many Asians regard this food as
famine food. Others however mainly associate pandan with the flavoring and nice smell that
it secretes.

In the Philippines, pandan leaves are being cooked along with rice to incorporate the flavor
and smell to it. As can be observed, the uses of the pandan tree are not limited to cooking
uses. Its leaves and roots are found to have medicinal benefits. Such parts of the plant have
been found to have essential oils, tannin, alkaloids and glycosides, which are the reasons for
the effective treatment of various health concerns. It functions as a pain reliever, mostly for
headaches and pain caused by arthritis, and even hangover. It can also be used as antiseptic
and anti-bacterial, which makes it ideal for healing wounds. In the same manner, a
preparation derived from the bark of this plant may be used to address skin problems. Many
people have also discovered that it is an effective remedy for cough. In India, pandan leaves
are being used to treat skin disorders like leprosy and smallpox. The bitter tasting quality of
the leaves makes it ideal for health problems which include, but are not limited to, diabetes
fever, ulcer and wounds. In Hawaii, pandan flowers are being chewed by mothers who later
give the chewed flowers to their children, as laxative. The juice extracted from pounded
roots of this tree is used and mixed with other ingredients to ease chest pains. Also, it is used
as tonic for women who have just given birth and who are still in weak states. Pandan
flowers have also been traced with characteristics that function as aphrodisiac. Pandan also
 manifests anti-cancer activities, and that is why modern researches in the United States have
subjected this plant for further experiments and investigation.

Pandan Health Benefits:

• Treats leprosy, smallpox and wounds.

• Helps reduce fever
• Solves several skin problems
• Relives headache and arthritis
• Treatment for ear pains
• Functions as a laxative for children
• Eases chest pains

• Helps in speeding up the recuperation of women who have just given birth and are still
weak
• Pandan reduces stomach spasms and strengthens the gum.

Preparation & Use of Pandan:

• Decoction of the bark may be taken as tea, or mixed with water that is to be used in
bathing, in order to remedy skin problems, cough, and urine-related concerns.
• Apply pulverized roots of pandan to affected wound areas to facilitate healing.
• The anthers of the male flowers are used for earaches, headaches and stomach spasms.
• Chew the roots to strengthen the gum.
• Extract oils and juices from the roots and flowers are used in preparing the decoction to
relieve pains brought about by headache and arthritis.

Pansit-Pansitan (Peperomia pellucida Linn.) a.k.a. Ulasiman-Bato

Pansit-pansitan (family: Piperaceae) is an herbal medicine also known as Ulasiman-bato,

olasiman-ihalas & tangon-tangon in the Philippines. English name: peperomia. It is a
small herb that grows from 1 to 1 1/2 feet. Pansit-pansitan can be found wild on lightly
shaded and damp areas such as nooks, walls, yards and even roofs. Pansit-pansitan has
heart shaped leaves, succulent stems with tiny flowers on a spike. When matured, the
small fruits bear one seed which fall of the ground and propagate.

The leaves and stalk of pansit-pansitan are edible. It can be harvested, washed and eaten
as fresh salad. Taken as a salad, pansit-pansitan helps relive rheumatic pains and gout. An
infusion or decoction (boil 1 cup of leaves/stem in 2 cups of water) can also be made and
taken orally - 1 cup in the morning and another cup in the evening.

For the herbal treatment of skin disorders like abscesses, pimples and boils, pound the
leaves and/or the stalks and make a poultice (boil in water for a minute or two then
pounded) then applied directly to the afflicted area. Likewise a decoction can be used as a
rinse to treat skin disorders.

For headaches, heat a couple of leaves in hot water, bruise the surface and apply on the
forehead. The decoction of leaves and stalks is also good for abdominal pains and kidney
problems.
Like any herbal medicine it is not advisable to take any other medication in combination
with any herbs. Consult with a medical practitioner knowledgeable in herbal medicine
before any treatment.

Pansit-pansitan is used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of:

• Arthritis
• Gout
• Skin boils, abscesses, pimples
• Headache
• Abdominal pains
• kidney problems

Sabila | Aloe Vera(Aloe barbadensis miller liquid)

Sabila or Aloe Vera holds the scientific name, Aloe barbadensis miller liquid. It is an
herb, which is known mainly for its cosmetic functions. However, this plant is also rich in
substances that aid in several illnesses and ailments. The aloe vera plant has been found
to have great contributions to health, both internally and externally. Research studies
have shown that it has properties comprising of inhibitory, anti-inflammatory,
regenerative, and anti-bacterial functions.

Preparations made with aloe vera as the primary ingredient have been effective in
reducing pain and allergies. In the same way, some of its properties are responsible for
cell regeneration that causes close cuts and hemorrhages to heal easily and more rapidly.
Its purgative properties, brought about by the existence of six antiseptic agent substances
in the plant (that is, cinnamic acid, lupeol, sulphur, salicylic acid, phenol and urea
nitrogen), make it ideal in eradicating parasites, harmful bacteria, and fungi in the
intestinal tracts. Sabila can be used externally for the treatment of acne, pimple burns,
insect bites, and for moisturizing and hydrating the skin.

The herbal properties of Sabila is able to penetrate the inner parts of the body, and
specifically targets joints, tendons, and muscles, and helps in the promotion and growth
of new tissues. Aloe vera or Sabila contains vitamins B1, B2, B6, vitamin C, choline,
niacin amide and 18 amino acids. You can mix the Aloe Vera extract with fruit juice and
other drinks. Aloe Vera is also an anti-oxidant in which, it prevents oxidation of certain
fats and gene cells, preventing ailing conditions like tumors and cancers. Since it is an
anti-oxidant, it has anti-aging properties. It also reduces free radicals, which can damage
the arteries. Aside from being an herbal medicine, Aloe Vera is good for the health and
can be taken internally, or applied externally.

Medicinal Benefits of Aloe Vera:

• Treatment of acne, pimples & psoriasis

• Analgesic properties for inflammation of skin
• Helps reduce high blood pressure
• Anti-aging properties
• Heals insect bites, minor burns & sunburns
• Arthritis, diabetes
• Eradicates intestinal bacteria and parasites
• Helps prevent cancer & tumors
• Eases Constipation
• Antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic and antibiotic properties

Preparation & Use:

• For treatment of skin inflammation, acne, pimple, insect bites, scalds (minor burns) etc.,
remove the skin of a leaf then rub Sabila (Aloe Vera) juice on your skin (may be mixed
with coconut oil) and leave for at least 30 minutes.
• The poultices of the aloe vera leaves may be applied directly to contusions.
• For hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, intestinal parasites, constipation etc., remove the
skin and take internally. The jell liquefies a after a few minutes and can be mixed with
other drinks.

Saluyot or Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)

Saluyot, also known as jute, is a green leafy vegetable that is rich in calcium, phosphorus,
iron and potassium. It has also been determined that 100 grams of saluyot contains an
ample amount of Vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, and is also rich in fiber.
With these facts alone, we can appreciate the benefits that can be derived from eating and
incorporating saluyot in one’s diet. This vegetable also assures safety of intake even for
pregnant mothers. Unlike other plants with medicinal benefits like makabuhay, it is safe
to be eaten even by those which are medically considered to be in a weak state. Saluyot
can be found basically everywhere. From warm, tropical countries like the Philippines to
tropical deserts and wet forest zones, saluyot is abundant. It does not require much
attention and care, and thus, thrives without cultivation the whole year round.

Preparation and Health Benefits of Saluyot

Because the saluyot or jute plant is by nature a vegetable, it is easy to prepare and can be
incorporated to various dishes that would allow individuals to benefit from its vitamins
and mineral content. Since it can be found easily, there are a lot of local viands and/or
dishes that use saluyot as an ingredient. For instance, the Ilocanos use saluyot in their
preparation of dinengdeng and bulangbulang. Fried saluyot are also mixed with sautéed
bamboo shoots and dried beans. Other dishes include, but are not limited to chicken
viands, wherein saluyot are mixed in either sautéed or pureed form. It is also integrated in
mongo dishes, and in soups.

Although some dislikes the slimy character of saluyot, its benefits are worth enduring the
slimy character of this vegetable. Its vitamin content is good for eyesight, as the
vegetable contains beta-carotene. Its iron and calcium content necessarily aids a person in
maintaining strong bones and teeth, and a healthy count of red blood cells. Saluyot has
been used to reduce wrinkles, as it also contains anti-oxidant substances. Studies have
also shown that saluyot can be used for anti-inflammatory treatment. It is to be noted that
saluyot has been used traditionally to address concerns related to inflammation and pain,
and the results of recent studies confirmed the validity of such traditional practice. In the
same manner, saluyot has also been connected with curing the chronic inflammation of
the urinary bladder. To prepare its medical decoction, an individual is advised to eat
dishes and soups that contain saluyot. As to the dosage or the amount of intake that one
should have, recent studies have not been able to establish this yet.

The Philippine Department of Health advises the public to increase their intake of this
particular vegetable, to include malunggay and banana as well, in order to build
resistance against the threat of swine flu. The DOH encourages this because its vitamins
and mineral content, as have been mentioned earlier, would fortify one’s defenses against
communicable diseases, which includes the widespread and dreaded disease. It is a good
thing, therefore, that no other separate preparation is needed in order to experience and
enjoy saluyot's benefits.
 Sambong (Blumea balsamifera L.)
Sambong (scientific name: Blumea balsamifera) is an amazing medicinal plant. Coming
from the family of Compositae, it goes by several names locally. It is known in the
Visayas as bukadkad and as subsob in Ilocos. The plant is a strongly aromatic herb that
grows tall and erect. Its height ranges from 1.5 to 3 meters, with stems that grow for up to
2.5 centimeters. It is an anti-urolithiasis and work as a diuretic. It is used to aid the
treatment of kidney disorders. The Sambong leaves can also be used to treat colds and
mild hypertension. Since it is a diuretic, this herbal medicine helps dispose of excess
water and sodium (salt) in the body.

Sambong is one herbal medicine (of ten) approved by the Philippine Department of
Health (DOH) as an alternative medicine in treating particular disorders. This plant
possesses a multitude of properties that make it worthy of the DOH approval. It functions
as an astringent and as an expectorant, and has been found to be anti-diarrhea and anti-
spasm. As an astringent, preparations made of sambong leaves may be used for wounds
and cuts. It is also suggested to be incorporated to post-partum baths, as well as
considerable immersion of particular body areas that are afflicted with pains caused by
rheumatism. Its expectorant properties make it as a popular recommendation to be taken
in as tea to treat colds.

Powdered Sambong leaves are available in 250 mg tablets at the DOH's Philippine
Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) Telephone # (632) 727-
6199.

Health Benefits of Sambong:

• Good as a diuretic agent

• Effective in the dissolving kidney stones
• Aids in treating hypertension & rheumatism
• Treatment of colds & fever
• Anti-diarrheic properties
• Anti-gastralgic properties
• Helps remove worms, boils
• Relief of stomach pains
• Treats dysentery, sore throat

Preparation & Use:

• A decoction (boil in water) of Sambong leaves as like tea and drink a glass 3 or 4 times
a day.
• The leaves can also be crushed or pounded and mixed with coconut oil.
• For headaches, apply crushed and pounded leaves on forehead and temples.
• Decoction of leaves is used as sponge bath.
• Decoction of the roots, on the other hand, is to be taken in as cure for fever.

Silymarin - Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)

Silymarin is derived from Milk Thistle (seed extract from the flower of silymarin plant).
The Milk thistle herb is a flowering plant of Silybum Adans genus, a member of the daisy
family (Asteraceae). It grows mainly in North Africa, the Mediterranean region and the
Middle East (now also grown in the U.S.) but is marketed and is widely available in the
Philippines as a herbal liver supplement (silymarin capsules, trademark: Liveraide).
Silymarin and milk thistle are frequently used interchangeably.

Laboratory experiments on animals (rats, baboons, dogs) shows that silymarin works by
modifying hepatic cell membranes in a way that prevents liver toxins from entering the
interior of the cells. The toxins that may damage the liver are expelled through the
kidneys instead. Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavanoid consisting of three chemicals:
silybin, silicristin and silidianin which are antioxidants that neutralizes and breaks down
free radicals. When there is an existing liver damage, research shows that silymarin may
help repair the damage and help regenerate new liver cells but is unlikely to help in the
late stages of liver cirrhosis.

Many studies have been published on the health benefits of milk thistle and silymarin on
humans but many are inconclusive or poorly done. Further studies are needed to fully
appreciate the health benefits of silymarin on humans. However, anecdotal data suggests
that it helps alleviate liver diseases and other aliments.

Since most commercial silymarin and milk thistle products are marketed as herbal
supplements, they are not subjected to the same stringent standards imposed on
prescription drugs. Their safety, purity and quality vary from brand to brand. In very rare
instances, silymarin can cause headaches, upset stomach and joint pains. Silymarin is not
recommended during pregnancy. Dozes over 1.5 grams a day may cause diarrhoea. It is
recommended that you consult with your doctor or a health care provider before taking
silymarin herbal supplements, liver supplements or any herbal medicine.

Anecdotal Health Benefits of Silymarin | Milk Thistle:

• Help improve liver function for those with cirrhosis of the liver and chronic hepatitis.
• Prevents inflammation of the liver
• Cure for Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning
• Helps control blood sugar in patients with diabetes and cirrhosis.
• Helps lower cholesterol levels.
• Reduces growth of breast, prostate, cervical and skin cancer cells.
• Helps reduce fatty infiltration on the liver caused by toxins and alcohol.
• A strong antioxidant that helps fight free radicals (see Key to Healing).
• Not used to prevent hepatitis C, but used to minimize the damage caused by it.
• Non-toxic / no known overdose symptoms.