Ground Vehicle Aerodynamics using LS-DYNA

Facundo DEL PIN / Iñaki ÇALDICHOURY / Rodrigo R. PAZ

fdelpin@lstc.com / inaki@lstc.com / rpaz@lstc.com

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Why using LS-DYNA for Aerodynamics?

Some reasons...
LS-DYNA is cost effective.
Great option for code consolidation.
New challenges in CFD requiere new simulation
solutions.

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

CFD analysis in LS-DYNA

Solve features
Full Navier-Stokes solver.
Accurate modeling of turbulent effects.
At least second order accuracy (time/space).
High scalability in parallel environments.
Robustness and speed.
Automatic volume mesh generation.
Post-processing integrated in LSPP.

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

CFD + Thermal analysis

Benefits
Provides insight about engine and exhaust heat
distribution.
Of larger importance in electric vehicles, specially
those based on fuel cells.
When combined with conjugate heat transfer it
can provide very valuable information about
material responses at higher temperatures.

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

CFD + Structural analysis

Fluid Structure Interaction

Fluid structure interaction will become a focal point in
future CFD simulations. Vehicle shape will dynamically
adapt to improve drag (fuel efficiency) and increase
down force (safety) for different ranges of Reynolds
number. Every disign cycle will incorporate FSI
simulations of the whole vehicle. Eventually purely CFD
simulations will become rare.

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 1: CFD + Thermal

Full vehicle model with engine, exahust and suspension.

Experimental and numerical results available for
comparison.
Medium model size with 15M elements.
High Reynolds number of 7 × 106 .

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 1: CFD + Thermal Meshing

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 1: CFD + Thermal CFD results

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 1: CFD + Thermal CFD results

pressure near field velocity near mirror iso-surface of Q Criterium

near field velocity

vortex cores and streamlines
iso-surface of velocity

engine compartment

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 1: CFD + Thermal Thermal analisys results

Section planes

Iso-surface of Temperature colored by the velocity

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 2: CFD + FSI

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 2: CFD + FSI CFD results

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 2: CFD + FSI Adding FSI

CFD input deck

*KEYWORD
*ICFD_CONTROL_TIME
1., 2.5e-5, 0.5
*ICFD_CONTROL_TURBULENCE
2
*ICFD_BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_VEL
5 , 1, 1, 3
*ICFD_BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_PRE
6 , 4
*ICFD_BOUNDARY_FREESLIP
7, 3, 4
*ICFD_BOUNDARY_NONSLIP
Pressure1
2
*ICFD_MAT
1, 1, 1.2, 0.000017, 0.0001
*END
Structural input deck
*KEYWORD
Von Mises stress
*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_DYNAMICS
1
*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_GENERAL
1, 2.5E-5, 2, 0, 2
*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_SOLUTION
2
*CONTROL_TERMINATION
10.000000
*PART
MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015
Layer_14
Case Study 3: CFD + FSI

Ferrari F1 2014 model.

50M elements mesh.
High Reynolds Turbulent flow.
Fluid structure intraction of rear and front wings.

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 3: CFD + FSI results

Von mises stress Surface Fluid Pressure

Von mises stress

Streamlines

Vortex cores
Von mises stress + vel sections

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 3: CFD + FSI structural results

Displacement of the Structure Displacement of the Structure

Displacement of the Structure

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Case Study 3: CFD + FSI structural results

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Conclusion

Solve features
LS-DYNA is a very good
option for solving ground
vehicle aerodynamics.

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Roadmap

Future work
Extended support for the control of
boundary layer meshes.
Add capability for FSI in porous media.
implement new wall functions for RANS
models.

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Roadmap

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Roadmap

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015

Roadmap

MULTIPHYSICS - CFD/FSI PANACM 2015