Wireless Power Transfer System for High Power

Application and a Method of Segmentation

Seungyong Shin#1 , Jaegue Shin# , Boyune Song# , Seokhwan Lee# ,Yangsu Kim# , Guho Jung# , and Seongjeub Jeon∗2
#
Wireless Power Transfer Research Center, KAIST
291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
1
sngyong-shin@kaist.ac.kr
∗
Department of Electronics Engineering, Pukyung Nationanl University
45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, Korea
2
jeub@pknu.ac.kr

TABLE I
Abstract—This paper develops the idea of wireless power S PECIFICATION OF ONE MODULE
transfer system for high power application. We propoed power
supply system, power reciver system and it’s intergration. We Power Supply module Power Recive module
assembly six supply and reciver pairs to obtain high power output Supply Current 30 Arms Induced Voltage 1500 Vrms
using proposed resonance compensation. we verified proposed Swtiching Frequency 20 kHz Maximum Current 30 Arms
system by simultaion and experiment. We were able to transfer Number of Turns 30 turns Number of Turns 28-64-28 turns
490kW over 11cm air gap. We discuss the practical applicability
of this system and suggest directions for further study.
Index Terms—Inductively Coupled Power Transfer(ICPT),
High power transfer, Resonance compensation, Autometic Seg- impedance change with output power. If output power is high,
menation impedance of the power supply line is reduced by mutual
inductor between two coils. Otherwise, if output power is low,
I. I NTRODUCTION the impedance of the power supply line is increased. In that
way, we can control power supply line current automatically.
These days, interest to Wireless Power Transfer(WPT) In the next section, we briefly introduce power supply
Techniques increase explosively. Started with Telsa Coil, module and power receive module and its assembly. Analysis
WPT technology is applied to various systems(cellular phone, of automatic segmentation and resonance compensation is
laptob, TV, etc.). WPT has been studied with several ver- followed. Experimental results are given in the section 4.
sions such as self-resonance system and inductive coupling Finally, we discuss this paper in the conclusion.
system[1][2]. However, the most research has been done
for low-power application over in-door situations. Therefore II. D ESIGN OF H IGH P OWER W IRELESS P OWER
WPT for high-power and out-door application has lots of T RANSFER S YSTEM
issues to solve. Several years ago, KAIST developed On- The Proposed system consists of mainly two parts, power
Line Electric Vehicle(OLEV) system with 100kW power and supply module and power receiver module. Power supply
80% efficiency[3][4][5]. Based on the OLEV technology, module generates current to the primary power supply line.
we proposed a new system for high power applications(car, The power receiver module is aggregation of pick up and
ship, trans, airplane etc.) with maximum power over 480kW. rectifier. The specification of one module of proposed system
Generally, these systems should be installed to out-door cir- is shown in table I.
cumstance, with currently existed industry. Therefore there are
many problems to solve. A. Power Supply Module
The most importance issue is economic feasibility. In other Power supply module consist of inverter and power supply
words, we should cover as large area as possible with a single line as shown in Fig.1. Inverter generates AC current into
installed system. In our point of view, it could be solved with power supply line with 20kHz frequency. A 3 phase rectifier
segmentation technique. Currently, segmentation is done by
sensor based technique which communicates to power supply
module with operation signal. However, the high power and
out-door situation, sensor based system has some problems.
The sensor is not reliable in strong electro-magnetic field
as our application. Moreover, it is very hard to repair if it
is once broken. To solve these problems, we proposed an
automatic segmentation method. The main idea is using line Fig. 1. Power Supply Module

‹,((( 76
 Fig. 4. Pick Up Module

the receiver module has 2 outputs, one with left wing and half
of center coils, the other with right wing and half of center
Fig. 2. Power Supply Line Module coils.
We use full-bridge rectifier circuit with suitable surrounding
circuits for rectify 20kHz power sources.
which is used for converting 440V-60Hz AC power source to
DC voltage source is followed by full bridge IGBT inverter C. Assembly of the Proposed System
with PWM controller. Output insulation transformer which has
1:6 turn ratio is used for reverse current flow to IGBT inverter For obtain 480kW power output, we assembly 3 inverters
modules. Power supply line module is designed as Fig.2. One and 6 Power supply Lines for power supply module and use
power supply line module has 560mm(W) × 160mm(H) × 6 pick ups and 12 rectifiers.
1100mm(D) size. The ferrite core is designed as rib-born The air gap between power supply module core and pick
shaped E-core. The line is processed as 30-turn coil and its up core is and as 11cm
size is fit to module core, so it can be laid on the core of
III. R ESONANCE C OMPENSATION AND M ETHOD OF
the module. The module has a space beneath ferrite cores for
S EGMENTATION
resonance capacitors and power supply lines for next segments.
To cover large area, segmentation technique is used between
B. Power Reciver Module power supply line modules. Our approach for segmentation
Power receiver module consist of Pick up and rectifier as is using resonant frequency. The key idea is that control the
shown in Fig.3. Pick up module generate electromotive force line impedance of power supply module according to the
as Lenz’s law. The rectifier module transforms the AC power existence of pick up module. If pick up module is not laid
source to DC power source. Size of one pick up module is on the power supply module and if we increase power supply
1000mm(W) × 105mm(H) × 800mm(D). As shown in Fig.4, line impedance, the supply current will smaller at same pulse
3 coils are placed both wing and center. The wing coils are 28 width. It is very natural and easy way to segmentation. Because
turns and winded as counter clockwise and the center coil is 64 it just follows ohms law. The circuit model for our system is
turns and winded as clockwise. Each half of center Coils are shown in Fig.6.
connected with wing coils and resonance capacitors. Therefore The input output relation of this model can be expressed as
matrix equation shown below.
   1  
Vs Rs + jωC + jωLs jωM Is
= s
1
Vr jωM −(Rr + jωC r
+ jωLr ) Ir

Fig. 3. Power Reciver Module Fig. 5. Block Diagram of Entire System

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 Fig. 6. Circuit Model of Proposed System

Solve the matrix equation for source voltage and current

than we can obtain input impedance. The real part of input
impedence is
ω 2 Ls C s − 1
Rs + ω 2 M 2 (Rs − Rload )/((Rs − Rload )2 +
ωCs
The imaginary part of input impedence is
ω 2 L C −1
ω 2 Ls Cs − 1 s s
ωCs
− 2
ωCp 2 2
s Cs −1
(Rs − Rload ) + ( ω LωC ) V. C ONCLUSION
s
The first term of imaginary part of input impedance is
dependent only the source circuit. Therefore it is fixed as the
value of source capacitance is fixed. The second term is depen-
dent to status of receiver. If receiver is under-compensated then
the imaginary part of input impedance is getting smaller. That
means the source circuit is getting more resonant position.
Therefore, if the receiver circuit is under-compensated and is
positioned on source circuit and magnetically coupled with
source coil, than the source circuit has smaller impedance.
Using this resonant compensation method, we can control the
impedance of source circuit.
IV. E XPERIMENT R ESULT
We set experiment as shown in Fig.7. Three inverters and
six power supply modules and six power reciver modules were
integrated as shown in Fig.5. Using Power meter, we measured
Fig. 8. Experiment Setting
input power, and using DC voltage and current meter, we
)
measure output power.
The result is shown in Fig.8. Total 490kw power is trans-
fered by proposed system, and it’s efficency is calculated as
90.9%.
This paper has dealt with high power wireless power transfer
system and it’s segmentation control schemes. We designed
490kw wireless power transfer system with multiple power
supply and power recive modules. To enlarge the capacity of
proposed system we proposed autometic segmentation control
system using suitable resonance compansation. The simulation
and experimental results show acceptable agreement and the
validity of the proposed system. the autometic segmenation
systmem is expected to use for other applications which
include various power and airgap.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study was funded by Transportation System Innovation
Program of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of
Republic of Korea.
R EFERENCES
[1] Kurs, Andre, et al. ”Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic
resonances,” Science 317.5834 pp. 83-86, 2007
[2] O.H.Stielau and G.A.Covic,”Design of loosely coupled inductive power
transfer systems,” Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Power
System Technology, vol.1, pp. 85-90, 2000.
[3] S. Ahn, et al., Low frequency electromagnetic field reduction techniques
for the On-Line Electric Vehicle (OLEV), IEEE International Symposium
on Electromagnetic Compatibility, pp. 625-630, 2010.
[4] D. S. Lee, G. H. Jung, S.J. Jeon, and D. H. Cho, ”Resonant Converter
with Load Segmentation Capability,” The Korean Institute of Power
Electronics, pp. 231-232, 2010.
[5] S.J. Jeon, el al., ”Online Electric Vehicle System segment Switching
Apparatus and a Control Method Therefor”, patent PCT/KR2011/000881

Fig. 7. Experiment Setting

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