ue MECHANICAL AND. QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY THREADED FASTENERS — SAE J429f DEFINITIONS FOR MACROSTRAIN AND MICROSTRAIN SAE Standard ‘ego oon nl Sl Tail Conon ree ay 10 ond neve owe 1 4, Scope-This SAB Standard covers the mechanical and quality re ments for steel bolts, screws, stds, ad sems used in automotive elated industeed fn slzs to 1ye in inclusive. This standard docs hot include limite for surface discontinuities, Where usage requires Sich conteol, Hanite may be specified separately For certain type sz, fand length of products this may be done by the statement: "Surface ‘iscontinuities shall not exceed the limits shown in SAE J123 NOTE: Previous inser of this standard also covered nuts, now covered separately in SAE J 2. Designations 21 Designation System—Grades are designated by numbers where Increasing numbers represent Increasing tensile strength, and by deci mals of whole numbers wheve dedmals represent variations at the fame strength level. The gene designations axe given in Table | ‘22 GradesBolts and screws are normally avallable only in Grades 1, 2,5, 58, 7, and 8. Studs are normally available only in Grades 1, 45,8, and 8.1, Grade 5.1 it applicable to sems which are heat treated following assembly ofthe washer on the serew, and to products without sesembled water. Sr: Materials and Procésses 3 Steel Characterintes—Bolts, screws, studs, and. sems shall be made of stel conforming to the description and chemical composition requirements speciied in Table 2 for the applicable grade. ‘32 Heading PractioeMethods other than upsetting and/or extn son are permitted only by special agreement between purchaser and upper. ‘Grade 1 bolts and screws may be hot or cold headed, at option of tho manufacturer, Grader 2,5, 6. 7, and 8 bolts ve, ad in lengths up to 6 in, ind screws inset up to 94 In, Int iusiv, shall be cold headed, except that by special agreement they may be hot headed. Langer sizes and Tonger lengths may be hot or cold headed, a option of che manufacturer. ‘Grade 5.1 bolts srews, and sems shall be cold headed. ‘34 ‘Threading PracticeGrades 2,5, 32, and 8 bolts and screws in sizes up t0 4 In, inclusive, and lengths up t0 6 in, inclusive, shall be tol thrended, except by special agreement, Grade 7 bolts and serews ‘hall be rol threaded after heat treatment, Grade 51 bolts, screws, and tems shall be roll threaded, "Threads of all ses of Grade'I bolts and teres, and Grades 2,5, 82, and 8 ols and screws in sies aver 4 in fnd/or lengths longer than 6 in, may be rolled, cut, or groundy at option of the manufacturer, Threads of all grades and sizes of studs ‘ay be rolled, ct, oF ground, ac option of the manufacturer. ‘4 Heat "Treatment Practice—Crade 1” bolls and. screws and Grades and 2 tude need not be heat tteated. When specied by purchaser, Grade 2 cold hesded bolts and serews shall be stress re Fieved at a minimum ates relief temperature of 875 F (408 ©), Grades and studs are manufactured [om pretreated materia) and the studs, ae manufituted, need no further heat treatment. Grades 6 and 52 bolts, screws, ad studs shall be heat treated, ofl or water quenched, at option of manusctures, and tempered ata minimum cemperlag {enperatare of €00 F (427 C). Grade 6.1 bolts, screws, anv sems shall be heat trested, quenched, and tempered at minimum tempering tem- perature of 650 F 43 G). Yor Grade 6.1 sem, quenchants whose prinel pal constituent is water shall not be used, unless specieally approved by the user, Grader 7 and 6 bolls and screws and Grade 8 sts shall be heat treated, oll quenched, and tempered at a minimum tempering temperature of 800 F (127 C). "Se Decarburlzation-Uniess otherwise spected, Grades 6, il, 52, ‘rand 8 bots, screws, and studs sball conform to Class G unless Cass B 1s specified, as described in SAE JI2l.MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY THREADED FASTENERS uw TABLE 1MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS ANO IDERTIRCATION MARKING FOR HOLTS, SEREWS, STUDS AND SENS peters: | Products a ae eae aeatcetion Hesoah | stsoath|tzaaion | of Kran’ “ee ers swe | ae [we | as ve | woe | now 2 vamane | sszo0 | rape | so | now] ow |e |= see wayne | 33m | sao | scam] samme | ie | as | = to |e 1 tamwvia | = | san | roe | nse | se oa fo oo : tne | ass | 20m | zone | rose | oe |e fx ou omtirva | zz | roses | ose | tsa | re | ae | so oo sit | Bete, | neo are 85000 | 120000 | — - - - S59 eas | cag s st | poe | vem sso | vane | rac | vmwo | ou fos | few ]ee | oy BF m Tage, [amr | reso | ans | seco | ssa Bae, | sams | snes | reo | soa | sano tr | sna | vemerva | sage | soso | snioo | sop 4. Mechanical Requirements—Dolts, screws, studs, and sens shall be tested In accordance with the mechanieal testing requirements for the applicable type, grade, size, and length of product ay specifed in ‘Table, and shall meet the mechanical requirinents speclhed Tor that | Min product in Table Tov or mado caro ta [heme =~ |S Aathads of Fest Si Mardness~The hardness of bolts, sews, studs, and sems shall low or mudum carbo tea — | ome = be determined at midradius of a transverse. section trough the Ae coon ed dann threaded portion of the product taken at a distance of one diameter from the ent of the product. ‘The reported hardness shall be the average of four hardness readings located at 90 deg to one another, — ‘The preparation of text specinens and the performance of hardness teats thall be in conforinity with the requirements of SAE. J — To’ meet the requirements of paragtapl 4, the hardneit shall not exceed the maximum hardness speced fn ‘Table t for the spplieable oaoes ade, tn addition, as required in paragraph 4 and Table 3, te har Mes salle not Tes than the mininnom. hardness specficd in Table 1 {or the applicable grade 42 Surface Hiardnes—Tests to deterinine surface hardnest con ditions shall be conducted on the ends, hexagon flats, of unvhreaded shanks which have heen prepared by Hghtly grinding’ or polishing to insure acurate reproduce readings in. acebrdance with SAE J417 Proper eoretion factors shel be use! when hardness tas are made of curved surtacs, per ASTATE 18 ‘Depending on the locaton a idvidual surface upon which the tet in conducted, some increase in hardness above that specifi {n Table 1, when measured on the Rockwell 3ON sale, nay ect for reasons othe than carburiation. To insure that lols of prodcts not consered fcceptable for this cause ate infact earbuaed, the metalographie and cai eageae stem do tne cor lac tae 3/4 moment cecing technique devibed in SAE JI2L shall be sed, ‘feces oy dt Sst 0) fo OE me, "in applying the J12t procedure, 2 diferenze between Knoop and tesa tr oto ney So 190 ne Rockwell SON readings by convention tay occur. This ference is etary Wel ited erm hrio of ehval disregard since the primary purpote of the Knoop traverse in JiZL yeaa acon Sac Geney Is to exablish the exlstence af crnviation PRS ETE ei ewe} "sa Proot Load—The proof loed fet consists of trang the bol screw, stud, or sem with a specie loud which the product rust with SBA TSE Hoe SAE ‘oat " fe hes am gee by waa Foros ok andar per ro ste on ena of sy fr bly onl we ksne MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY THREADED FASTENERS TABLE 2 MECHANICAL TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR BOLTS, SCREWS, STUDS, AND Sens = snen|_—_ "wate scent ret | mtn | SER | ett = [nome ie wo [oe| tot | ESE SS |r |" Hontcmwa | ae, | a ‘ass than 30 - = = = oe a ig ew as 100000 ond | 30 40 80 or By whicbevrie orecior | + - = = = menus | tees Sram [|= fom pT Sant Ow ite “|= TE | ontenn onten [=| ote orton Soin Soesmmemeer | Oe oe sete Ser teortnsaanart soe |= = [oa oa [oa | Sa | ore os ate * SS ea All thor Sheds | Over 80 wr @ in whidaver i ararer = | Ontos a | Option A ‘Option 8 | Option 8 | Option B | Option 8 aie | Benton =| ome | opm | =| om opt Lor | omer atin [of [Poe falc tans |e ead] ea To en wep % stand without permanent set “The overall length of the spechmen shall be measured between con cal of ball centets on the centerline of the epecimen, using mating Centers on the measuring anvils, The specimen shall be marked. 90 that it ean be placed in the measuring fixture in the same position {or all measvements. The messirement instrument shall be eapable ‘of measurement to G0001 In. In the ease of fem, the washer shall be removed from the sew prior (o asembly In the testing machine. The tripe of the teting machine shall be sltaligning to avoid side thrust fon the specimen, For bolts, screws, and sem, the specimen shall be assembled in the fixture of the tense machine so that six complete threads are exposed between the grips, Thi is obtained by freely fuinning the mut or fxtore to the thread runout of the specimen and then unscrewing the specimen sx full tums. When proof toad testing ‘suds, one end of the shud shall be assembled In'a threaded fixture 10 the thread runout, For studs having unllke threads, this shall be the ‘end with the finer pitch thtesd. ‘The other end of the stad thall like Wise be assembled Ina dhreaded fixture, except It shall be unscrewed ‘ix Full turns from the read runout, thus leaving she complete theeads exposed between the gis. The bolt, screw, std, oF sem thal then be axially loaded to the proof loed specified for the applicable ‘sae, thvead series, and grade in Table 5, the foad retained for ® period of 10 s, the lord removed, and the overall length again measured. The epeet of testing ar determined with a free running cross head, shall not exceed 0.12 in/min. "To moet the requirements of paragraph 4, the length of the bolt screw, std oF sem after loading shall be the same at before loading ‘within tolerance of 30,0005 in allowed for measurement exvor. ‘Variables, such a straightness and thread alignment (plus measure: ‘mest error, may result in apparent elongation of the fasteners when the proot load is fnially applied. In sich cases, the fastener may be retested using a 89 greater load, and may be considered. satisfactory It the lenge after this loading is the same as before this loading (within the 0.0008 tn tolerance for messureiment era). 2 [owtmiia fe e378 454 Axial Tensile Strength—Following proof lot testing, the same bolt, sew, stud, or sem shall be reassembled in the testing machine ‘with six complete threads exposed between the grips and axial loading applied until failure. The grips of the testing machine shall be self aligning to avoid side thrust’ on the specimen. Typioal fxtuting i itgstrated in Fig. 1. The speed of testing, as deteriined with a free running cross head, shall not exoeed 1 in/min, ‘To meet the requirements of paragraph 4, the bolt, screw, stud, oF tem shal factnte ta Toad not Fee than the minimm tensile strength ‘pected for the applicable six, thread series, and grade in Table 5. addition, for bolts, sews, and sem, the fracture shall ecur in the body or threads! secon with no faire at the junction of the head and shank, 55. Wedge Tensile Strength 54.1 Bours axp Scxzws-Following proof load teiing, the same bolt cor serew shall be asiembled with a wedge Inserted under the head, x8