SINGLE SERVER MODEL

The group chose _______ for the Single-Server. The observation started at around 1:15 PM last
December 6, 2018, and it lasted for 30 minutes. _______ operates with a single cashier to handle
arriving customers which is to receive orders and serve orders to the customers. The arrivals of the
system are on a basis of First-Come-First-Serve (FIFO), and every arrival waits in line to be served
regardless of its length. There is no telling how much is the population size it can accommodate so it is
assumed that the population size is Unlimited.
Therefore, the system described above exhibits Model A for single channel. In this model, it is
assumed that arrivals follow a Poisson probability distribution and that service times are exponentially
distributed. The average arrival and service rate are recorded in per 30-minute basis. The operating
characteristics of the Model B: multi-channel are computed below.

Model A: Single-Channel
λ, arrival rate = 12 customers per 30 minutes
µ, service rate = 14 customers per 30 minutes

Average number of customers in the system (waiting and being served):

𝜆 12
𝐿𝑠 = = = 𝟔 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚, 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝜇 − 𝜆 14 − 12
Average time a customer spends in the system (waiting time plus service time):
1 1
𝑊𝑠 = = = 𝟎. 𝟓
𝜇 − 𝜆 14 − 12
𝟏𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚
Average number of customers waiting in the queue:
𝜆2 122
𝐿𝑞 = = = 𝟓. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟗 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑤𝑎𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒, 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝜇(𝜇 − 𝜆) 14(14 − 12)
Average time a customer spends waiting in the queue:
𝜆 12
𝑊𝑞 = = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟔
𝜇(𝜇 − 𝜆) 14(14 − 12)
𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝟖 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟
Utilization factor for the system:
𝜆 12
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝟕𝟏 ; 𝟖𝟓. 𝟕𝟏% 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑦
𝜇 14
Probability of 0 units in the system:
𝜆 12
𝑃0 = 1 − = 1− = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟗; 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟗% 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 0 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚
𝜇 14
MULTI-SERVER MODEL
The group chose the Accounting in Saint Louis University for the Multi- Server. The observation
started at around 1:15 PM last December 6, 2018, and it lasted for 30 minutes. The Accounting opened
two cashiers to handle arriving customers which is to receive payment from students in queue. The
arrivals of the system are on a basis of First-Come-First-Serve (FIFO), and every arrival waits in line to be
served regardless of its length. There is no telling how much is the population size it can accommodate
so it is assumed that the population size is Unlimited.
Therefore, the system described above exhibits Model B for multiple channels. In this model, it
is assumed that arrivals follow a Poisson probability distribution and that service times are exponentially
distributed. The average arrival and service rate are recorded in per minute basis. The operating
characteristics of the Model B: multi-channel are computed below.

Model B: Multi-Channel
M, number of channels = 2 channels
µ, service rate = 4 persons/min
λ , arrival rate = 3 persons/min

The probability that there are zero people or units in the system is
1
𝑃0 =
1 3 0 1 3 1 1 3 2 2(4)
[0! (4) + (
1! 4
) ] + ( ) [2(4)−3]
2! 4

= 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟒𝟓; 𝟒𝟓. 𝟒𝟓% 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 0 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚

The average number of people or units in the system is
3
3(4)(4)2 3
𝐿𝑠 = 𝑥0.4545 + = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝟐𝟕 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚
(2 − 1)! {2(4) − 3}2 4
The average time a unit spends in the waiting line and being served in the system is
0.8727
𝑊𝑠 = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟗 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚
3
The average number of people or units in line waiting for service is
3
𝐿𝑞 = 0.8727 − = 0.1227 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑢𝑒
4
The average time a person or unit spends in the queue waiting for service is
0.1227
𝑊𝑞 = = 0.0409 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑢𝑒
3