3 irreversible reactions in glycolysis

Hexokinase

Pfk

Pyruvate kinase

What is reversible enzymes in glycolysis

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

The rate limiting step in glycolysis is

Enzymes that links glycolysis and citric acid cycle- pyruvate dehydrogenase action: oxidation of pyruvate
to form acetyl coa and CO2

Co factors of pyruvate dehydrogenase

What is hmg

The action of phospholipase c is? Membrane acceptor that is associated with g protein, can activate
enzyme adenyl cyclase that hydrolyse atp to cyclic AMP

Muscle glycogen cannot contribute to glucose level? Muscle lacks glucose-6-phosphatase,

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is utilized in? gluconeogenesis

The high glucagon:insulin ratio in starvation? There is mobilization of fatty acids and this will stimulate
beta oxidation—source of acetyl coa and leads to increase of ketone bodies in the blood AOTA

Increase formation of ketone bodies during starvation is due to? Increase levels of ffa in the serum

Among the ff amino which is converted to pyruvate thru transamination> alanine

Which of the ff aa is convertible to pyruvate by direct deamination? Serine

The amino acid precursor of catecholamine? Tyrosine

A precursor of tyrosine? Phenylalanine—tyrosine---dopamine

The most visible effect of denaturation of proteins? Decreased solubility

This reaction is used to determine the ____ of amino acid in a peptide chain? Reaction with danzyl
chloride

The most active enzyme in oxidative deamination? Glutamyl dehydrogenase

This amino acid does not undergo transamination? Glycine, proline,

Determines by which the brain detoxifies ammonia? Glutamine formation

This enzyme of urea requires n-aceytlglutamate as positive modulator? Carbamoyl phosphate

synthetase (also the rate limiting step)

The immediate cause of coma in severe liver disease? The depletion of substrates in the liver—ammonia
increased due to decreased substrates of urea cycle (liver)

Which form of lipid acts as storage form of energy? TAGs

Which among the lipoprotein is responsible for the exogenous transport of TAGs? Chylomicrons

Which among the eicosanoids promote platelet aggregation? Thromboxane

Lipid that acts as surfactant? Lecithin

Cleavage of free fatty acid result to? Formation of acetyl COA

Which of the ff is the committed step in beta oxidation? Carnitine transport

Which enzyme catalyzes the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis? Hmg Reducatase

Which of the ff hormones is lipoluytic? Insulin

Okazaki fragments? Short DNA fragmens attached RNA primers

A synthetic nucleotide analogue with anti viral used inherpetic keratitis? 5 iodo deoxy-uridine?

Nucleotide derivative that acts as 2nd messenger? cAMP and GMP

Regions of the DNA strand that are easily denatured are rich in? CT

What are the bases of DNA? GCTA

This is the primary function of nucleic acid? Preservation and transfer of genetic material

Complete hydrolysis of RNA nucleotides will yield except? Deoxyribose

This type of mutation will result to a frameshift mutation? Deletion/insertion

Salvage of nucleitide? Free bases are used

The enzyme which catalyzes the committed step in purine de novo pathway? Prrpp amidotransferase

Xanthine oxidase ihibitors? Allopurinol

Mutation in mrna is not critical because? MRNA half life is short and is not transferred to progeny
Dna polymerase can initiate translation if this enzyme? Dna dependent rna polymerase

Which of the ff is not true in dna-rna protein synthesis direction?

What is the scenario in cases of promoter mutation? Dramatic amount in genes transcribed

Enzymes are needed in metabolism because? Increase the rate of reaction

The catalytic activity of an enzyme is located ar? Active site

The Km is a measure of? Affinity of the substrate to the enzyme

A structural analogue of a substrate that can bind to the active site? Competitive inhibitor

Attachment site of amino acid in a trna is called? Acceptor

Determination of termination of a reading frame contain? UAG

The domain of rna polymerase that identifies the initiation site in transcription? Sigma factor

The non coding sequence in a mRna? Introns

The adaptor molecule during translation? Trna

2 constant is always measured whenever an enzyme is characterized, these are? Km vmax

Group of enzymes that catalyzes the addition or removal of of water, ammonia and CO2 in the body to
double bonds? Lyases

Non functional serum enzymes that is diagnostic of obstructive liver disease? Alk phos

Carbonic anhydrase requires this metal iron as co factor? Zinc

Effect of a competitive inhibitor to the maximum velocity and km? decreases both

The quantitative value michaelis menten constant is a measure? Affinity

Which of the ff hormones possess anti inflammatory effect mediated by inhibitory action to arachidonic
acid? Glucocorticoids

In the adipose tissue, which of the ff enhances the synthesis of lipoproteint lipase? Glucagon

Deficiency of this may lead to anemia in premature due to rbc hemolyis? Vitamin e

A co factor of an important enzyme of pentose phosphate pathway transketolase? Biotin

Functions as cofactor of carboxylase that acts in glutamate residues of clotting factor precursor
proteins? Vitamin k

The earliest clinical symptom of vitamin a deficiency? Defective night vision

Lead poisoning would be expected to result to an elevated level of ?aminouvilic acid- production of
heme

The ff statements pertains to bicarbonate formation in the body? Presence of zinc enhances the release
of protein to generate hydroxyl group

The ff statements pertains to Bohr effect? Describes how decrease in ph provides the proton to form
the salt bridges of deoxy-hemoglobin

After exposing a jaundiced infant to phototherapy, the ff is true of bilirubin excretion? Bilirubin will be
excreted to the feces as __bilirubin

The fluid mosaic model states that? Membranes are lipid bilayer

Lysis of a fibrin clot is in equilibrium with the formation of clot begins with? Requires the conversion of
plasminogen by plasminogen

A smoker complains of soft swollen gums and loose teeth is deficient in vit C has limpaired?
Hydroxylation of proline

Mutation in mrna brought about by transcriptional misreading is critical to cell survival because? Mrna is
half life is short