Component of speaking

According to Syakur (2007: 4), there are at least five components of speaking skill concerned

with comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and fluency.

a. Comprehension

For oral communication, it certainly requires a subject to respond, to speech as well as to

initiate it.

b. Grammar

It is needed for students to arrange a correct sentences in conversation. It is in line with

explanation suggested by Heaton that students ability to manipulate structure and to

distinguish appropriate grammatical form in appropriate ones. The utility grammar is also to

learn the correct way to gain expertise in a language in oral and written forms.

c. Vocabulary

One cannot communicative effectively or express their ideas both oral and written form if

they do not have sufficient vocabulary. Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without

vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. Based on this explanation, the writer conclude that

without mastering vocabulary sufficiently the English learners will not be able to speak

English or write English properly.

d. Pronunciation

Pronunciation is the way for students to produce clearer language when they speak. It deals

with the phonological process that refers to the component of a grammar made up of the

elements and principles that determine how sounds vary pattern in a language. There are two

features of pronunciation; phonemes and suprasegmental features. A speaker who constantly

mispronunces a range of phonemes can be extremely difficult for a speaker from another

language community to understand. From the statetment above, the writer conclude that the

pronunciation is the knowledge of studying about how the words in a particular language are
produced clearly when people speak. In speaking, pronunciation plays a vital role in order to

make the process of communication easy to be understood.

e. Fluency

Fluency can be definend as the ability to speak fluency and accurately. Fluency in speaking is

the aim of many language learners. Signs of fluency include a reasonably fast speed of

speaking and only a small number of pauses and “ums” or “ers”. These signs indicate that the

speaker does not have spend a lot of

time searching for the language items needed to express the message.

So, based on this explanation, the writer conclude that it can be said speaking has five components :
pronunciation,grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. In speaking, speaker needs those components.
If speaker does not use those five components, the listener cannot understand what someone are talking about.
So, component of speaking is very important to learn and understand by the students.

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Hymes states succesful communication involves more than just the mastery of the “rules of
grammar” that is the linguistic forms of a languange, but also the understanding and
appropriate application of the “rule of use”. Thus effective teaching of oral skill would
naturally involve developing “communicative compotence” or “pragmatc competence” in the
learners.1

1
Foley J.A., New Dimension in Teaching of Oral Communication, ( Singapore: SEAMEO, Regional Langange
Centre, 20005) p. 55.