International Journal of Engineering Research And Management (IJERM)
ISSN : Volume-Mei 2018
(1)
Khusnul Chotimah , Ir. R. Adi Wardoyo M.M.T.
Construction Load Analysis of the Residential
House’s Main Structure

Abstract— As we know, a building must have good planning
for efficient construction. One of the most crucial thing in the
process of making a good building is the main structure itself.
The main structure of the building formed by columns and
beams which determines how much the construction load can
be borne by a building. With proper construction planning,
the building will be able to stand with the appropriate cost
and guaranteed security. Because it has been calculated
appropriately to the needs of a building, the risk of errors in
the building will be very minimal. In addition, the work will
be faster and more efficient.
In this paper will discuss the proper structure in the design
plan of a residential house and a needs analysis of structural
columns and beams accordingly.
Index Terms—Building, Construction, Columns, Beams
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background
A home building should have a good structure. This is
closely related to the safety of residents. Good building
structures must have the appropriate calculations and
planning prior to development. By doing the proper
planning, we will know the capacity of a building is for us
to live. For example, we will know what the maximum
amount of load can be borne by the home. In addition, the
cost to build a house would be more efficient because of the
need for material and amounts can be determined in
advance.
B. Research Purposes
1. To determine the size of columns and beams
corresponding to the floor plan of the home building.
2. To determine the construction load that can be borne
by the building
3. To find out the structural columns and beam which are
suitable for the building
C. Hypothesis
1. What is the size of columns and beams corresponding
to the floor plan of the home building?
2. How much the construction load that can be borne by
the building?
3. What kind of the structural columns and beam are
suitable for the building?
II.STUDY OF LITERATURE
1. Construction
Construction is the process of constructing a building or
infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in
that manufacturing typically involves mass production of
similar items without a designated purchaser, while
construction typically takes place on location for a known
(1) Khusnul Chotimah, Department of Interior Design, Sepuluh

Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia, +6281222522080,
(e-mail: khusnulch99@gmail.com).
(2) Ir. R. Adi Wardoyo, M.M.T., Department of Interior Design, Sepuluh
Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia, +628123598196, (e-
mail: wardoyoadi@gmail.com).
www.ijerm.com
(2)
client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine
percent of the gross domestic product of developed
countries. Construction starts with planning, design, and
financing; it continues until the project is built and ready
for use.
2. Columns
A column can be defined as a vertical structural member
designed to transmit a compressive load. A Column
transmits the load from ceiling/roof slab and beam,
including its own weight to the foundation. Hence it should
be realized that the failure of a column results in the
collapse of the entire structure. The design of a column
should therefore receive importance.
RCC Columns (Reinforced Concrete Columns) can be
defined as a structural member with a steel frame
(reinforcement bars) composed of concrete that is been
designed to carry compressive loads.
3. Beams
A beam is a structural member which spans horizontally
between supports and carries loads which act at right angles
to the length of the beam. They are small in cross-section
compared with their span. The width and depth of a typical
beam are “small” compared with its span. Typically, the
width and depth are less than span/10.
Generally, a beam is subjected to two sets of external
forces and two types of internal forces. The external loads
are the loads applied to the beam and reactions to the loads
from the supports. The two types of internal force are
bending moments and shear forces. The internal shear force
and the internal bending moment can be represented as
pairs of forces. The Figure below shows a Typical Beam
with Internal and external forces acting on it.
III. DISCUSSION
Object is a double floors house, where the first floor is
used as a business area, while the second floor is the owner
place. Building land has a 11mx17m in size, but the real
building has a size 9.25x 8.35 m.
400
K K
1 2
A. Column Analysis
Here is a picture of the selected area with600dividers
between columns, to determine the analysis of structural
K
4
K
loads each column. The columns has are rectangle-shaped
3
columns with dimensions 40x15 cm.
K
5
K K
1
6 7
K
8
 International Journal of Engineering Research And Management (IJERM)
ISSN : Volume-Mei 2018

Formula of beam’s cross section:

Height = 1/12 x expansion (m)

Width = ½ x beam’s height

Calculation:
 K1-K2 = K3-K4 = K6-K8 = 4 m
Height = 1/12 x 4 = 0,3 m
Width = ½ x 0,3 = 0,15 m
 K1-K3 = K2-K4 = 2,5 m
Height = 1/12 x 2,5 = 0,20 m
Width = ½ x 0,20 = 0,10 m
 K1-K6 = K2-K86 = 6 m
An area with the same color has the same load capacity Tinggi = 1/12 x 6 = 0,52 m
that can be borne by the area as an estimated calculation Lebar = ½ x 0,41= 0,26 m
below:  K3-K6 = K4-K8 = 3,5 m
K= WxLxC Tinggi = 1/12 x 3.5 = 0,29 m
Lebar = ½ x 0,29 = 0,145 m
Known:
Permissible loads = 500kg/m2 Height avarage
Coefficient = 0.12 m = (a+b+c+d):4
K1 = 1 x 0,8 = 0.8 m2 = (0,3+0,2+0,52+0,29):4
K2 = 1,2 x 1 = 1.2 m2 = 0,3275 m
K3 =1.5x 0,8 = 1.5 m2 Width avarage
K4 = 1,5 x 1,5 = 2.25 m2 = (a+b+c+d):4
K5 = 1,5 x 1,5 = 2.25 m2 = (0,15+0,10+0,26+0,145):4
K6 = 1.5x 0,8 = 1.5 m2 = 0,54625 m
K7 = 1,2 x 1 = 1.2 m2
K8 = 1 x 0,8 = 0.8 m2 So, size of beam’s cross section trough the calculation is
Loads per area calculation: 50 x 30 cm2.
K1 = 0.8 m2 x 500 kg/m2 x 0.12 m = 48 kg m
K2 = 1.2 m2 x 500 kg/m2 x 0.12 m = 72 kg m C. Permissible Loads Analysis
K3 = 1.5 m2 x 500 kg/m2 x 0.12 m = 90 kg m In this home building, columns have dimension 40x15
K4 = 2.25m2 x 500 kg/m2 x 0.12 m = 135 kg m cm2 with the assumption the number of reinforcement are
K5 = 2.25m2 x 500 kg/m2 x 0.12 m = 135 kg m 12. The structure is assumed to sustain weight of 500 kg /
K6 = 1.5 m2 x 500 kg/m2 x 0.12 m = 90 kg m m 2.
K7 = 1.2 m2 x 500 kg/m2 x 0.12 m = 72 kg m The calculation in determining the cross-section and the
K8 = 0.8 m2 x 500 kg/m2 x 0.12 m = 48 kg m number of structural column reinforcement:
The above calculation is a calculation of how much the load n . (P)2 ≤ 1%
can be accommodated by one column. In other words, every
single column can support n kg m, Included the burden of W
construction, furniture, or people. Which is:
P = Sectional area of reinforcement
B. Beam Analysis W = Sectional are of column
400
Known, Rectangle column with reinforced steel
K K
reinforcement 12/10 mm.
1 2
P = Sectional area of reinforcement = Circle area
P = πr2
= 3.14 x 52 = 78.5 mm 2 = 0.0785 m2
W= Sectional are of column
= 40 cm x 15 cm
= 600 cm2 = 6 m
K
4
600
Calculation:
K
3 n . (P)2 ≤ 1%
W
12 . (0.0785)2 ≤ 1%
K
5

6
K K
6 7
K
8
2
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 International Journal of Engineering Research And Management (IJERM)
ISSN : Volume-Mei 2018

0.1 ≤ 1% count on the permissible load weight.

From the calculation above, we can conclude that the
amount and the size of reinforcement are suitable to use in
the building because the result is less than equal to one
percent.
D. Sketches and Structural Column Analysis
Reinforcement 10
mm
3. The beam has a cross-sectional area of 50x30 cm2 and
filled with longitudinal bars and locked by ties.
REFERENCES
[1] F. Trubiano.“Design and Construction of High-Performance Homes”.
New York: Routledge, 2013.
[2] P. Nilantha. (2015, 03, 26). Column and Beam Sytem in Construction.
Available: http://www.basiccivilengineering.com/2015/03/column-and-
beam-system-in-construction.html
[3] Wikipedia. Construction [Online].Available:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction

Cross bar

40 cm
15 cm

The picture above is sketches of the structural column

used in the home building. There are 12 pieces of
reinforcement with 10 mm in diameter. The concrete
column is assumed to be able to support the load of 500 kg /
m2. The reinforcement is locked with a binding strand so
the reinforcement is in a stable position.

E. Sketches and Beams Analysis

Beams with dimensions of 50 x 30 cm2 have a structure as
shown in the picture above, ie at the bottom, there is a row
of reinforcement which becomes the pivot of the load,
which the reinforcement is lined so that the beam is not
curved. Similar to structural columns, the beam
reinforcement is also locked with a handle to keep it in a
stable position when pressure is applied.
Here is the sketches of the beam.

Reinforcement

Pressure area Ties

Pull area

IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the above analysis it can be concluded that:
1. A building is closely related to construction. With
proper planning and calculation will create an efficient and
secure building because all of the crucial structures have
been accounted in detail.
2. Column structure used in this building has dimensions
40x15 cm2 and filled by 8 pieces of diameter 15mm. The
composition is assessed as appropriate, after analyzing the

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 Construction Load Analysis of the Residential House’s Main Structure

Khusnul Chotimah. An Interior Design Student in Interior Design

Department of Institute Technology of Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya,
Indonesia

Ir. R. Adi Wardoyo, M. M. T., As a professional college teacher in

Interior Design Department of Institute Technology of Sepuluh Nopember
Surabaya, Indonesia

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