11.12.

2018 Reduct on of Relat ve Clauses - GrammarBank

Reduced Relat ve Clauses

You may remove the relat ve pronoun and reduce your sentence n certa n cond t ons.

The man who wants to talk to you s wa t ng for you.

The man want ng to talk to you s wa t ng for you.

Relat ve Clause Reduct on Rules

1. In def n ng clauses, we can om t the relat ve pronoun n the pos t on of object.

The boy who / whom / that you don’t l ke much wants to talk to you.
The boy you don’t l ke much wants to talk to you.

Note: In non-def n ng sentences you ne ther om t the relat ve pronoun nor use "that".

My mother, who / whom that you met yesterday, wants to talk to you.
My mother you met yesterday...

2. We can use part c ples when reduc ng the sentence.

a) Present Part c ple "V- ng" (s multaneous)

We stood on the br dge wh ch connects the two halves of the c ty.

We stood on the br dge connect ng the two halves of the c ty.(Present Part c ple)

b) Past Part c ple "V3 or be ng V3" (pass ve s multaneous)

The boy who was attacked by a dog was taken to hosp tal.
The boy attacked by a dog was taken to hosp tal. (Past Part c ple)

c) Perfect Part c ple "hav ng V3" (act ve-expla n ng sth. happened before the others)

Jenna, who has l ved n Flor da for 20 years, has gone through several hurr canes.
Jenna, hav ng l ved n Flor da for 20 years, has gone through several hurr canes.(Perfect Part c ple)
Hav ng l ved n Flor da for 20 years, Jenna has gone through several hurr canes.(Perfect Part c ple)

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11.12.2018 Reduct on of Relat ve Clauses - GrammarBank

Usa n Bolt, who had been d squal f ed from the men’s 100m f nal after a false start, made no such
m stake n the 200m.
Usa n Bolt, hav ng been d squal f ed from the men’s 100m f nal after a false start, made no such
m stake n the 200m.(Perfect pass ve part c ple)
Hav ng been d squal f ed from the men’s 100m f nal after a false start, Usa n Bolt made no such
m stake n the 200m.(Perfect pass ve part c ple)

3. If "To be" verb s used after a relat ve pronoun we can om t "Relat ve Pronoun + To be".

The car wh ch s parked next to m ne s very expens ve.

The car parked next to m ne s very expens ve.

Hamlet, wh ch was wr tten by Shakespeare somet me n the early 1600s, s among the class cs.
Hamlet, wr tten by Shakespeare somet me n the early 1600s, s among the class cs.

4. When the verb “have” mean ng possess on, we can om t relat ve pronoun and “have” and
use w th(+) or w thout(-).

Students who have enough math and Engl sh sk lls w ll be adm tted.
Students w th enough math and Engl sh sk lls w ll be adm tted.

People who don’t have the r ID cards can not get n.

People w thout the r ID cards can not get n.

5. We can use nf n t ve “to” n the cases below.

1. The only...to
2. Superlat ve...to
3. The f rst, last, second, next...to

John s the only person who understands me.

John s the only person to understand me.

Tom s the most handsome boy who came to th s school.

Tom s the most handsome boy to come to th s school.

Jack s the f rst student who has handed n the exam.

Jack s the f rst person to have handed n the exam.

See more on relat ve clauses

Th s webs te uses cook es to ensure you get the best exper ence on our webs te. Learn more. Got t!

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