CEM 141 Mock EXAM 2 Fall 2018 KEY

1. Which has a larger atomic radius? Mg or Ar 3. Which of the following are correct
and why. statements?

A. Mg, because it is a metal. I. Covalent bonds are interactions within

B. Mg, because its valence electrons are not molecules.
as strongly attracted towards the nucleus II. Covalent bonds are interactions between
as those in Ar. separate molecules.
C. Ar, because it is a heavier element. III. LDFs are interactions between separate
D. Ar, because it has more electrons and molecules.
they repel each other. IV. LDFs are within molecules.

Give the reasoning for your answer. A. I B. II C. I and III D. I and IV

The effective nuclear charge on Mg is smaller –
on Ar the electrons are more strongly attracted 4. What is the wavelength of an electron
and therefore the electron cloud shrinks in travelling at 5.01 x 105 m/s? The mass of an
towards the nucleus until the e-e repulsions come electron is 9.1×10−31 kg.
into effect.
A. 6.88 x 108 m
2. Why do covalent bonds form? B. 1.45 x 10-9 m
C. 364.8 m
I. Because atoms want to share electrons. D. 274 x 10-5 m
II. Because electrons from one atom are
attracted to the nucleus of another atom.
III. Because atoms want an octet of electrons 5. The wavelength of the electron that you
around them. calculated in question 4 is closest in size to:
IV. Because the formation of a bond results
in a stable system that would require the A. the radius of the sun
input of energy to change. B. a quarter mile drag strip
C. a stack of three quarters
A. I B. II and IV C. III D. I and II D. diameter of a carbon nanotube

Give the reasoning for your answer.

The driving force for bond formation is the
attraction between electrons of one atom and the
protons of the other. A stable system is formed at
a potential minimum that would require energy
input to change.
6. If the intensity of a beam of light is
increased, this would correspond to:
I. An increase in the number of photons
(considering light as a particle).
II. An increase in the amplitude of the wave
(considering light as a wave).
III. An decrease in the wavelength of the
light.

A. I C. I, II, III
B. II D. I and II

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7. For a given photocell (a device that uses the 11. Atomic absorption spectra are caused by:
photoelectric effect to generate electricity),
blue light will eject electrons, but red light A. Photons moving between energy levels
will not. Why? in an atom.
B. Electrons moving to lower energy levels
A. Photons of red light do not have enough and releasing photons of energy equal to
energy, but if you increase the intensity the energy difference between the levels.
they will eject an electron. C. Electrons moving to higher energy
B. Photons of red light are waves and levels and absorbing photons of energy
therefore cannot eject electrons. equal to the energy difference between
C. Blue light has a high enough intensity the levels.
that the electrons will be emitted. D. Electrons being ejected from the surface
D. Photons of blue light each have enough of the metal when hit by a photon.
energy to eject one electron.
12. How many core and valence electrons does
8. What is the wavelength of light that has a carbon have?
frequency of 3.0 GHz (3.0 x 109 Hz)?
A. 6 core, 6 valence
A. 100 m B. 2 core, 4 valence
B. 100 nm C. 4 core, 2 valence
C. 10 cm D. 10 core, 2 valence
D. 3.0 x 108 m
13. What is the electron configuration of Se?

9. What wavelength of light would break an A. [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p4

O=O bond (it takes 8.3 x 10–19 J to break one B. [Kr] 4s2 3d10 4p4
O=O bond)? C. [Kr] 4s2 4d10 4p4
D. [Ar] 3s2 3d10 3p4
A. 240 nm
B. 1.5 x 10–15 m
C. 500 nm 14. What is the best explanation for a pattern
D. 10 mm such as those obtained when X-Rays are
diffracted by crystals?

10. Which of the following transitions would be
most likely to result from the absorption of a
photon of the highest frequency?
A. The photons and the anti-photons cancel
each other out.
B. The waves of electromagnetic radiation
arrive in-phase and out of phase at the
detector.
C. The X-rays eject electrons which
interfere with each other.
D. As the beam X-rays arrives the peaks
give a bright spot and the troughs give a
dark spot on the detector.

D – highest frequency is the highest energy 15. Which reaction requires the most energy?
Largest ΔE for absorption is the longest
upward pointing arrow. A. N(g) → N+(g) + e –
B. N+(g) → N2+(g) + e –
C. F(g) → F+(g) + e –
D. F+(g) → F2+(g) + e –

2
 Give the reasoning for your answer (That is,
what scientific principles did you use to
determine your answer?).
Fluorine has a higher effective nuclear charge
than Nitrogen – so it is harder to remove an
electron (takes more energy because the electron
is more strongly attracted by the nucleus).
Effective nuclear charge is the same for F and F+
because the number of protons and core electrons
are not changed. However, when the number of
electrons is reduced, the repulsion between
electrons decreases which results in a decrease in
the radius of the electron cloud because the point
at which attractions and repulsions are balanced
is closer to the nucleus when there is less
repulsion. When the radius of the electron cloud
decreases, the strength of the attraction between
the nucleus and the valence electrons increases
which increases the amount of energy required to
remove an electron (ionization energy).
16. Consider the isoelectronic (they all have the
same number of electrons) species Na+,
Mg2+, Ne, and F–. Which of these has the
smallest radius?
A. Na+
B. Mg2+
C. Ne
D. F–
Give the reasoning for your answer.
All the species have the same number of
electrons – but different number of protons. Mg2+
has the highest proton to electron ratio and
therefore the highest effective nuclear charge and
the strongest attraction between the protons and
electrons – which pulls the electron cloud
towards the nucleus until the repulsions take
effect.
17. When and where were the carbon and oxygen
atoms in your body created?
A. In plants as they were growing
B. During the big bang
C. Within stars and stellar explosions
D. During the course of digesting your food
18. Does one molecule of water have a boiling
point?
A. Yes
B. No
19. What reasoning would you give for your
answer to question 19?
I. The boiling point of water is 100 ºC
whether it is a single molecule or an
ocean.
II. A single molecule has all the properties
of the substance.
III. The boiling point is the temperature at
which the particles change from liquid to
gas. If there is only one particle the
words liquid and gas (and solid for that
matter) are meaningless.
IV. The boiling point is the temperature at
which the particles change from liquid to
gas. One molecule can change from a
liquid to a gas.
A. I B. II C. III D. II and IV
20. Why are metals shiny?
A. Because they reflect most of the light
falling on them.
B. Because they refract most of the light
falling on them.
C. Because they absorb photons and re-emit
them.
D. Because photons are generated as
electrons move up to higher molecular
orbitals.
Give the reasoning for your answer.
Metals have molecular orbitals that are very close
together in energy. The can absorb almost any
wavelength of light because the gap between the
levels is negligible. The absorbed light can then
be re-emitted.
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21.
 
 Which
 reaction
 is
 a
 nuclear
 fusion
  23.
  Which
 graph
 best
 describes
 the
 potential
 
reaction?
  energy
 of
 the
 system
 as
 two
 atomic
 nuclei
 

  (eg
 H+)
 approach
 each
 other
 and
 fuse
 to
 
A.
  H+
 +
 –OH
 à
 H2O
  form
 2H?
 
 C
 
B.
  235U
 à
 91K
 +
 142Ba
 
 
C.
  41H
 à
 4He
 +
 2+1e
 
D.
  238U*
 
 à
 238U
 +
 γ
 

 

 
22.
 Why
 is
 nuclear
 fusion
 not
 a
 viable
 option
 
for
 generating
 energy
 at
 the
 moment?
 

 
A. Because
 it
 is
 far
 too
 dangerous.
 
B. Because
 of
 the
 high
 energy
 
requirement
 to
 overcome
 the
 
Coulombic
 repulsion
 of
 the
 nuclei.
 
C. Because
 the
 radioactive
 isotopes
 
produced
 cannot
 be
 contained.
 
 
 
 
D. Because
 it
 is
 impossible
 to
 find
 a
 vessel
 
 
that
 will
 contain
 the
 plasma
 needed
 for
 
 
fusion.
  Explain
 why
 the
 potential
 energy
 curve
 

  you
 chose
 in
 question
 23
 looks
 the
 way
 it
 

  does.
 Be
 sure
 to
 include
 forces
 in
 your
 

  response.
 

 
 

  At
 far
 distances,
 the
 nuclei
 are
 affected
 by
 

 
the
 electrostatic
 force
 of
 repulsion,
 which
 

 
causes
 the
 PE
 to
 increase
 as
 the
 distance
 

 
decreases.
 Once
 the
 nuclei
 get
 very
 close
 

 
(about
 the
 distance
 of
 a
 nucleus)
 from
 

  each
 other,
 the
 strong
 nuclear
 force
 takes
 

  over.
 This
 is
 an
 attractive
 force,
 which
 

  means
 the
 PE
 will
 decrease
 as
 the
 nuclei
 

  get
 closer
 to
 each
 other.
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4
Possibly useful equations and constants:

h = 6.626 × 10–34 J.s

c = 3.0 × 108 m/s
1 J = 1kg.m2/s2
λ = h / mv
c=λν
E=hν

Avogadro’s Number = 6.022 × 1023

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1A 8A

1 2
1 H He
1.008 2A
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 35.45 39.95
24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.19 208.98 (209) (210) (222)

87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
(223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (271) (270) (277) (278) (281) (281) (285) (286) (289) (289) (293) (294) (294)

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
For elements Tc, Pm, and
those beyond Bi, a number
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
in parentheses is the mass 140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04 174.97
number (not the atomic
mass) of the most stable or
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
the only known isotope. Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.04 231.04 238.03 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)